alv / cgs-5022f and alv / cgs-5050f compact goniometer

ALV-Laser Vertriebsgesellschaft m.b.H.http://www.alvgmbh.de

Description: ALV / CGS-5022F and ALV / CGS-5050F COMPACT GONIOMETER SYSTEM

ALV / CGS-8F COMPACT GONIOMETER SYSTEM SERIESSystem for SIMULTANEOUS angular dependent determination ofDynamic (DLS) and Static (SLS) Light Scattering

GENERAL INFORMATION

ALV Company has been developing LLS goniometers for angular dependent simultaneousdetermination of DLS and SLS under focused laser light conditions since 1981. ALVCompany has been at the forefront of the design of LLS equipment and goniometersystems for research and routine measurement, including digital correlators with totallynew architecture, i.e. introducing Multiple Tau structure and Symmetric Normalisation withthe ALV-3000 Correlator/Structurator already in 1984; followed by the the most completesoftware, and, the appropriate state-of-the-art detection units. ALV Company developedand introduced in 1989 the first commercially available ISA-bus based PC-board digitalcorrelator to the world market, the

ALV-5000 Multiple Tau Digital Correlator / Real Time.

In the 1980s and 90s ALV’s design of LLS equipment and goniometer systems evolvedseveral times and with each new design, new levels of performance were achieved.

Since 1995 ALV Company offers an extensive line of precision Compact GoniometerSystems based on the use of near mono-mode fiber optical detection units. Since 1999 weoffer a unique goniometer design allowing besides the principle detection unit up to a totalof 8 such detection unit mounted on the rotary table positioned under 17° spacing to eachother; the use of stepper motor drive for the rotary table with spindle and gear under controlof a Multiturn Angular Encoder allows for methodical alignment of all components andmodules of the system and ease of laser beam adjustment to the optimum position.Additional detection units may certainly be installed at any time in retrospect - for thispurpose already at the first delivery of the basic goniometer unit the stepper motor drive canrotate the rotary table a full 360°-turn under control of the Multiturn Angular Encoder.

The entire design of the ALV Compact Goniometer System quoted herein is based onthese 2 decades of experience in manufacturing those LLS goniometers for simultaneousdetermination of DLS and SLS; all components of the goniometer are based on designsand engineering performed in-house of ALV Company, using CAD, DXF and CAM (ALVused CAD design-techniques already from the early 1980s on). Since the 1990s, we haveexpanded our production facilities with the most modern CNC production equipmentavailable. Manufacturing in the workshop is performed on most modern CNC-controlledlathe-machines and machining centers completed with a CAD-CAM design center, and isto the highest standards of craftsmanship, controlled to the most stringent specificationtolerances set by ALV Company. Over the years, we have assembled a staff of talented,skilled craftspeople dedicated to producing very high quality products. They take personalpride in their accomplishments and in your satisfaction. At ALV Company, we are fullycommitted to the production and development of LLS equipment. Our goal is the producethe highest possible quality components and to keep them affordable.

The entire hard- and software is also in-house design of ALV Company; more than 600units out of the family of the ALV-5000, ALV-5000/E and ALV-5000/E/WIN Multiple TauDigital Correlator / Real Time inclusive dedicated ALV-software are by now in use world-wide, the number of all kind of ALV Goniometer Systems installed has recently reached200 units.

Before an ALV Goniometer System is cleared passing for packing, each system iscompletely mantled on an optical table at our works and set to full function, followed by acomplete final test performed and documented, including a Sine Theta test measurementof toluene under simultaneous DLS and SLS detection condition, and DLS-measurements

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of standard-samples of known particle diameters and scattering intensity ratios over the RRof the solvent.

The herein described ALV/Laser light scattering measurement system is in its overalldesign manufactured to the highest standards of workmanship, quality of materials andcomponents; the performance of many modules of the system are state-of-the-art.Nowadays the substantial performance advantages of a “coherent“ fiber-optical detectionover a “partial coherent geometric optics“ detection, using refractive optics are proven andclearly described in literature, e.g. by J. Ricka Ph.D. of University of Bern/Switzerland, orelsewhere.

Already at a very early state we at ALV investigated on the basis of fundamental researchin this new and very promising technology. The more than 5 years of experience with fiber-optical detection taught all of our academically educated personnel involved, how to takefull advantage of this new and superior detection technique, and, moreover important to theusers of our equipment, to combine handling of the fiber-optical detection with a very highdegree of ease and further to achieved long-time stability of measurement performance.Another goal we met is the great ease of adjustment of all modules - even in themicrometer range - including the positioning of the laser to optimum condition and theappropriate positioning of the detection system. All this can be performed by the user atany time should this be required. It was this goal that forced our engineers to base the ALVGoniometer Systems on such opto-mechanical devices only that had been particularlydesigned by us for these requirements and to manufacture all those devices according tothe very high quality standards set.

The ALV/CGS-8F Goniometer, as a commercially available unit, is still without substitute inusing fiber-optical detection unit(s) and HIGH QE APD-detection, and, unique in its featureto be expandable to up to 8 detection units on the rotational support (arm) of the rotarytable separated by a 17°-spacing to each other, thus allowing - when 8 such detection unitsare installed - either to perform angular dependent measurements at the same totalnumber of angles measured 8-times faster compared to a single-detector system, or toperform time-dependent studies of e.g. structure changes of the probe material under 8different angles simultaneously, yet the absolute angles can be chosen by user within a17°-increment based on rotating the goniometer (arm) with the detection units.

The alignment procedure of each of the eight fiber-optical detection units of theALV/CGS-8F Goniometer to the optimum alignment position of the laser beam is alsounique and further patented to ALV Company in Germany, USA and Japan - EU-patent ispending.

A great number of complete ALV / DLS/SLS-5000F Goniometer Systems with one principaldetector (PMT or HIGH QE ALV based detection units) and ALV-5000/E/WIN Multiple TauDigital Correlator/Realtime with the most complete ALV-software, as well as a few systemscomplete with 8 fiber-optical detector systems and ALV-digital correlators inclusive the alldedicated ALV-software are already in use by customers.

Any delivered ALV/CGS-8F Goniometer can easily be expanded in retrospect in field by theuser, adding the required number of complete fiber-optical/electronical detection units, asall provisions are already included part of the basic the goniometer at first delivery, such asre-positioning tools for the factory pre-aligned detection units, etc..

Any ALV/CGS-8F Goniometer based instrument quoted as standard version uses state-of-the-art detection technology to reduce the required laser power - greatly increasing safetyand making the use of light scattering techniques far more accessible to students. Basis tothis achievement is besides the use of the low-power laser, the entire shielding of the laserbeam along its propagation paths up to the cell housing, in tubes and other safetymeasures as included part of the design of all the ALV Goniometer Systems, certainlyincluding the ALV/CGS-8F Goniometer System.




The above named combination (plus special optical additions, e.g. the integrated "ALV /Optical Optimization Unit") is a milestone development, not only due to the use of aspecially to ALV standards selected High QE active quenched Avalanche Photo Diodedetection unit.

Cylindrical low-power HeNe-Lasers are for many decades already in daily use, furtherthese are field proven for reliability and very long life-time, and, moreover important to theuser of LLS-systems, HeNe-Lasers are inexpensive even at absolute price, and definitelycompared to the water- or air-cooled ...-ION-Lasers, or frequency-doubled Nd-YAG-Lasersat λ = 532 nm. The particular HeNe-Laser chosen by ALV Company is among the bestperforming lasers of not only such kind with respect to laser beam profile, beam pointingand Coherence stability.

Alternatively ALV Company uses a (low-power) 50mW Single Longitudinal Mode 532nmLaser for more advanced systems; many units of this laser are integrated to ALVGoniometer Systems and are already for nearly 2 years in daily use, further these are fieldproven for reliability and long life-time, and, moreover important to the user of LLS-systems,this laser is an item still be in an affordable price range - extended warranty can beoptionally purchased. The particular laser chosen by ALV Company is among the bestperforming lasers of the 532nm wavelength family with respect to laser beam profile, beampointing stability and stability of all for LLS important coherence parameters.

Two different systems are available as standard version, one as a non-standardversion:

ALV / CGS-5022F COMPACT GONIOMETER SYSTEM

HeNe-Laser and single ALV / HIGH QE APD-detection unit:

The resulting counting intensity (sensitivity) is extremely high and would require comparedto using photo-multiplier detection an equivalent laser power of > 400 mW at λ = 532 nm.With the 22 mW HeNe-Laser the scattering intensity Isc for toluene as standard under 90°scattering angle is > 30 kHz using a lens of 200 mm focal length, resp. > 21 kHz using afocusing lens of 300 mm focal length.

The combination of the 22 mW HeNe-Laser and the single ALV / High QE APD detectionunit offers the best bargain and promises the longest possible life-time of lasers.

or

ALV / CGS-5050F COMPACT GONIOMETER SYSTEM

532nm Single Longitudinal Mode 50 mW Laser and “Pseudo-Cross Correlationdetection mode, using 2 off ALV / HIGH QE APD-detection unit and appropriate lightsplitting device:

The resulting counting intensity (sensitivity) is extremely high and would require comparedto using photomultiplier detection an equivalent laser power of > 1 W at λ = 532 nm. Withthe 50 mW 532nm-Laser the scattering intensity Isc for toluene as standard measuredunder 90° scattering angle is > 80 kHz using a lens of 200 mm focal length, resp. > 50kHz using a focusing lens of 300 mm focal length.

The combination of the 50 mW 532 nm-Laser and the 2 off ALV / HIGH QE APD-detectionunit and appropriate light splitting device offers the best performing instrument and caneven be used for smallest particle determination at very low concentration, andmeasurement of SLS simultaneously.




Non-standard ALV / DLS/SLS Compact Goniometer Systems for use of high powerLasers*

and the state-of-the-art ALV / SO-SIPD / DUAL Small Outline - Single Photon DetectionUnit in combination with fiber-optical detection using the ALV / STATIC and DYNAMICEnhancer are available on request.

Please note: *optimum performance when integrated to an ALV Goniometer Systems cannot be achievedwith each high power laser - in your own interest we kindly request you to discuss thismatter with us prior to your decision of purchasing a laser; our experience over years intesting various lasers will certainly be offered to you as a free of charge support helping youto select an appropriate laser for integration to the Goniometer System.

System expansion by the use of 2 lasers with different wavelengths, either sequentiallyor simultaneously measured, requiring different detection units etc. is available, or can beadded to the system at any time in retrospect - if required, please do not hesitate to discusssuch extensions with our academically educated personnel.

Clarification on the performance advantages and limitations of theALV / HIGH QE APD-detection unit (using one APD):

The ALV / HIGH QE APD-detection unit is selected to pass the stringent specifications setby ALV Company for integration to an ALV / Goniometer System with a 22mW HeNe-Laserfor simultaneous measurement of DLS and SLS. These specifications are quite similar tosuch requirements for a detection unit based on a very good single photomultiplier; themain specifications of the single APD for use in auto-correlation are:

quantum efficiency @ 632.8nm: ≥ 50%background count rate: 150 cps (typical)

≤ 250 cps (upper limit)correlation measurements: 800 nsec starting timetyp. count rate linearity: up to 750 kHz within +/- 1.5 % error(important for SLS measurements)

The major performance advantage of an APD is the very high quantum efficiency QE in thered wavelength range, e.g. approx. >65% for 632nm; for the 632.8nm wavelength an overallsensitivity ratio of approx. 1:25 results between a PMT with a S-20 photocathode and anAPD.

The recent introduction of the ALV/APD-Secure Overload Protection Unit by ALV Company,as part of, respectively as added unit to the ALV / HIGH QE APD-detection unit greatlyincreases the safe operation of the APD, even under condition of misuse.

All detection units based on single detectors, may these be PMT or HIGH QE APD based,have limitations with respect to wavelength dependent quantum efficiency, overallsensitivity, count rate linearity, dead time and pair resolution, and the introduction ofdistortions or other effects, such as after-pulsing etc.; optimising the performance of a fewparameters may finally be to the expense of others.... As a claim for example: even with thevery best and certainly very expensive single photomultipliers available such disadvantagesremain (of course at a (much) less magnitude, but still....).




The only way out in order to achieve FAST correlation detection is to use 2 off detectors inone detection units or in two separate units, with equally split light trace input to eachdetector, and then to operate the 2 detection units in (pseudo-) CROSS correlation mode;just to clarify it is the CROSS correlation mode operation that improves the performance,thus to allow fast correlation detection, while still the performance of each single detectorremains unchanged.

Already in 1996 ALV Company made a 12.5nsec detection unit commercially available,using 2 off photomultipliers, the state-of-the-art ALV / SO-SIPD / DUAL Single PhotonDetector.

After a 10 months test-period ALV Company has recently released a similar solution forusing

2 off APDs in split-input and combination with 2 off ALV/APD-Secure Overload ProtectionUnits, as an optional sales item, for operation in (pseudo-) CROSS-correlation mode. Allthe above described advantages over a single APD apply and this detection combination of2 APDs allows indeed fast correlation detection and improves other performanceparameters.




ALV / CGS-5022F and ALV / CGS-5050FALV / CGS-5022F and ALV / CGS-5050FCOMPACT GONIOMETER SYSTEMCOMPACT GONIOMETER SYSTEM

SIMULTANEOUS Angular Dependent Dynamic (DLS) and Static (SLS)Light Scattering Measurement Systems

Reducing the laser power and still keeping the measurement sensitivity !

In comparison to goniometer systems with detection units based on geometric (refractive) opticsand photomultiplier detectors, the laser power requirements for the ALV / CGS-5022F CompactGoniometer System, respectively the ALV / CGS-5050F Compact Goniometer System aresubstantially reduced. Due to the use of the ALV / STATIC and DYNAMIC Enhancer anda special Avalanche Photo Diode Detection Unit selected to special ALV standards, theresulting counting intensity (sensitivity) is extremely high and comparably low power lasers arefully sufficient, even for very counting intensity critical sample systems.

Using a 22 mW HeNe-Laser (λ = 632,8 nm), respectively a 50 mW Single Longitudinal Mode-Laser (λ = 532 nm), with all the advantages of such lasers, namely low power consumption, veryhigh light purity in transversal and longitudinal modes and long durability; e.g the scatteringintensity Isc for Toluene under 90° scattering angle @ λ = 632,8 nm is as high as up to > 30 kHz.Traditional goniometer systems without using the ALV / STATIC and DYNAMIC EnhancerTechnology and furthermore using photomultiplier tubes instead of the Avalanche PhotoDiode Detection Unit would require an equivalent laser power of more than 400 mW at λ =532 nm (e.g. frequency-doubled NdYAG) compared to the 22 mW HeNe-Laser / ALV / HIGHQE APD detection system, as above described, to achieve approx. the same scatteringintensity, respectively sensitivity.

A complete system which includes all what is required for simultaneous DLS/SLS !

The ALV / CGS-5022F and the ALV / CGS-5050F Compact Goniometer System are complete„ready to measure“ systems which include all items required for high quality simultaneous DLS/ SLS measurements. Still it is a fully modular design which allows the optional introduction ofextra modules for special applications (e.g. depolarized SLS/DLS, non-ergodic samplemeasurement, etc..). In the standard delivery, the systems consist of the following items :

Standard Delivery, The Hardware

♦ ALV / CGS-5022F Compact Goniometer System:Cylindrical 22 mW HeNe-Laser, λ = 632.8 nm plus a very special laser stand

♦ ALV / CGS-5050F Compact Goniometer System: 50 mW Single Longitudinal Mode-Laser, λ = 532 nm plus laser stand

♦ Goniometer Unit, ALV / CGS-8F based, central unit ready to accept up to 8 detection unitspositioned with 17°-spacing and starting with the first (principle) detection unit (DET-1)positioned at 17° goniometer angle reading; rotary table with worm gear/spindle and steppermotor drive (plus 2 limit switches) under control of an ALV/ME-5000 Multiturn Encoder, forautomatic angular dependent measurements.

♦ Standard Cell Housing, Model 88/AL, with two stainless steel heat exchangers, blackanodized (temperature range : -6° to + 50° C); heat exchangers with hose couplings for




connection to an external heating/cooling circulator; plus hose coupling for ventilation of theexternal surfaces of the VAT using dry and oil-free air or N2 to prevent wetting or icing (formeasurements at sub-ambient temperatures), as e.g. icing of the external surfaces of theVAT will distort optical transmission conditions. Ventilation release is through the viewing slitof the cell housing.

♦ Index Matching Quartz VAT, with plane-entry- and exit-window, MLC-anti-reflectioncoated; the two windows and the bottom plate of the vat are optically insulated from the maincylinder, and are fused together, using black quartz "fritte". The cylinder is polished toapproximately λ/2 optical cylinder quality.

Standard Delivery, The Detection

♦ ALV / STATIC and DYNAMIC Enhancer, fiber optical near monomode selective detectionsystem, with suppression of additional long time fluctuations of the transmitted light intensity(normally caused by the physical fiber properties); further optimized for simultaneousDLS/SLS measurements under focused laser beam conditions using the "ALV / OpticalOptimization Unit"; detailed description see enclosed report: Arguments for usingALV/Compact Goniometer system for simultaneous SLS/DLS measurements...(for polarization dependent detection, see "options/accessory": Glan-Thompson prism)

ALV / CGS-5022F Compact Goniometer System:

♦ 1 off ALV / HIGH QE APD Detection Unit, one active quenched diode detection unit,QE at λ = 632.8 nm > 55 %, TTL at 50 Ω output electronics. Selected for best count-ratelinearity and stability for SLS; includes the ALV / APD-Secure Overload Protection Unit.


♦ 2 off ALV / HIGH QE APD Detection Unit with appropriate beam splitting device, as oneactive quenched diode detection unit, QE at λ = 532 nm > 45 %, TTL at 50 Ω outputelectronics. Selected for best count-rate linearity and stability for SLS; includes theALV / APD-Secure Overload Protection Unit.

Standard Delivery Hardware ( ... continued ... )

♦ Laser Beam Folding/Adjustment Unit I, for one Laser, using two laser mirrors, each heldin an orthogonal, coplanar high-resolution adjustment gimbal holder.

♦ ♦ Laser Beam Optimization Unit, focusing the laser beam to an optimum waist diameter andRayleigh-length, optimized for use of cylindrical 10 mm outer diameter cuvettes and fiber-optical detection (for all type of lasers); unit is positioned between Laser BeamFolding/Adjustment Unit I and the cell housing.

♦ ♦ ALV / LSE-5001 Light Scattering Electronics, computer interface for data transfer to thePC-computer via RS-232C, includes: motor logic/power drive for stepper motor, control oftwo angular limit switches, plus encoder logic.

♦ Temperature Measurement Unit, for temperature measurement of the index-matchingliquid in the VAT, data transfer to ALV-5000/E/WIN digital correlator; consisting of

ALV-3027 (electronics for temperature measurement; temperature measurement andlaser monitoring are displayed in the software), and 1 off Pt-100 platinum temperatureprobe, encased in stainless steel tube.




♦ (additional) Pt-100 Temperature Probe, allows regulation of external heating/coolingcirculator to set temperature of the index matching liquid in the VAT (provided the circulatorallows connection of an external Pt-100 temperature probe).

♦ Monitor Diode Unit, for measurement of laser beam intensity and pointing combined withprofile; unit is mounted on an adjustable stand, which further accepts a beam attenuator, suchas the Linear Compensated Attenuator NEWPORT, Models 925B or M-925B; the unitconsists of:

ALV-3028 module (1 quadrant-diode with electronics in a housing) with data transfer directlyto ALV-5000/E/WIN digital correlator), a beamsplitter plate in interferometric quality (totransfer a fraction of the laser beam power after passing through the attenuator to the photo-diode), plus an adjustment holder with lens.

♦ ALV-5000/E/WIN Multiple Tau Digital Correlator/Real Time , (see seperate description) or♦ ALV-5000/EPP Multiple Tau Digital Correlator/Real Time (see separate description)


includes the additional♦ ALV-5000/FAST Tau Extension Board (12,5 nsec STC), see separate description

Standard Delivery, The Software

♦ ALV-5000/E for WINDOWS Software (WIN-95/98), see separate description

♦ ALV / Static & Dynamic FIT and PLOT program (WIN-95/98), see separate description

♦ ALV / WinAlign Utilities (WIN-95/98), see separate description

(Demo versions of the above software are available on our homepage at www.alvgmbh.de)

Standard Delivery, The Alignment Tools

An optical system such as the ALV / CGS-5022F, respectively the ALV / CGS-5050FCompact Goniometer System are always just as good as the mechanical and opticaladjustment of the modules of the system and the laser beam allows. The standard deliveryalready includes all required tools for performing these adjustments/alignments at utmostprecision. In combination with the ALV / WinAlign Utilities Software, certainly also includedin the delivery of the ALV / CGS-5022F, respectively ALV / CGS-5050F GoniometerSystems, comprehensive, objective and precise adjustment/alignment procedures areavailable which allow even the unskilled user to perform in shortest time those at optimumquality for simultaneous DLS/SLS measurements.

♦ Alignment Tools: Double Needle Adjustment Unit (DNAU), Centricity Needle,Calibration Disk, Double Dial-Gauge Unit (DDGU) with one vertical and one horizontal dialgauge for the adjustment of the cell housing/cuvette holder using the calibration disk, plus theVAT Adjustment Unit (VAU) with one dial gauge and one feeler gauge.

♦ Laser Beam Height Definition Needle (LHDN), with a conical collar similar to the size ofthe cuvette-holder; the height of the laser beam at the rotational axis of the rotary table isprefixed by the LHDN when positioned instead of the cuvette holder, in the conical bore of theupper heat-exchanger of the cell housing (the tip of the needle has a diameter of 3 µm,

thus allowing optimum alignment even of a focused laser beam with a waist-diameter of lessthan 100 µm).




♦ Projection Optics System, used during any adjustment of the laser beam to projectmagnified images of the diffraction patterns of the appropriate “needle in the laser beam“ inthe 'far field', for easier interpretation of diffraction patterns, respectively their symmetry.

♦ 90°- (or 270°-) mirror unit to Projection Optics System, allows a 90° or 270° horizontalfolding of the laser beam respectively the projected and magnified laser beam, or diffractionpatterns to a screen in the far field.

Standard Delivery, Laser Beam Attenuation

♦ Linear Laser beam attenuator, either Model 925B or M-925B compensated attenuator ofNEWPORT Company, attenuation range from zero and 0.01 - 3 ND, manually operated.

Standard Delivery, The Cuvette Holders

♦ 1 cuvette holder for cylindrical cuvettes with ∅ = 10.0 mm (outer diameter)

♦ 1 cuvette holder for cylindrical cuvettes with ∅ = 20.0 mm (outer diameter)

( for other cuvette holders, see "Options/Accessories": Glassware and Cuvette Holders )

For special purpose measurements, the Options and Accessories

Measurements at High Temperature

♦ High Temperature Cell Housing, Model 2000; all outer parts of the cell housing are madeof fiber compound material for measurement at temperatures up to +140° C; can also beused for sub-ambient measurement temperatures down to -12° C.

Depolarized Light Scattering

♦ Glan-Prism/Laser, prism in interferometric quality, to increase ratio of polarization of thelaser beam; MLC-coated, angular off-set: ca. 2 minutes of arc, usable diameter: 7.5 mm,length: 16 mm; housed in an adapter for 25 mm outer diameter, plus a rotator-unit acceptingthe 25 mm adapter, plus an appropriate adjustable stand with Y/Z and tilt and turnadjustments.

♦ Glan-Thompson-Prism for polarization dependent detection; prism in interferometricquality, MLC-coated, angular off-set: ≤ 2 seconds of arc, optical opening diameter:7.5 mm, length: 16 mm; housed in an adapter with 25 mm outer diameter, plus a rotator-unitaccepting the 25 mm adapter, mounted on stand.




Measurement of Non-Ergodic Samples

ALV-Cuvette Rotation Unit, fits in to the bore of the upper heat exchanger of the standardand high temperature cell housing and allows the software controlled continuous and/orstepwise rotation and/or up/down movement of the cuvette at extremely high precision. Speedof rotation and up/down movement can be selected.

Unit accepts cylindrical cuvettes with outer Ø = 10 mm only; version for Ø = 20 mm availableon request.

Glassware and Cuvette Holders

All cuvette holders are made of black (graphitised) PTFE to ensure the most careful handlingof the outer surface of cuvettes, when positioned in the holder. The design of the cuvetteholder centers at a time both the holder and the cuvette and accepts outer cuvette diametertolerances within +/- = 0.1 mm of the given e.g. 10.0 or 20.0 mm mean diameter.

♦ ♦ Extra Cuvette Holders for cylindrical cuvettes, made of black PTFE, machined tocustomer order for a single specified cuvette diameter; request list of available diameters.(max. allowed cuvette diameter = 27.2 mm).

♦ ♦ Extra Cuvette Holder for 12,5 mm x 12,5 mm square cuvettes, made of black PTFE areavailable on request, however; inserting of those require strictly to obey special precautionmeasures - to avoid reflection in to the laser !!

♦ BSG-10T cylindrical cuvettes made of glass, with 10 mm outer diameter and PTFE-stopper,for routine DLS measurements only.

♦ QT-10 / QT-20 cylindrical quartz glass cuvettes, with 10 mm/20 mm outer diameter andPTFE-stopper, for SLS/DLS measurements; RI = 1.45709 (T = 23°C, λ = 632,8 nm).




! IMPORTANT INFORMATION !Separate Purchase Items for Purchase by the User

We strongly recommend that the user purchases the (required) below items locally, because ofthe local warranty and/or price advantages. These items are :

♦ PC-Computer with the following minimum configuration :

CPU : P-II 233 MHz or faster (up to date, P-III @ 800 MHz is the fastest tested) RAM : min. 64 Mbyte RAM (128 Mbyte or more are recommended) Harddisk : min. 10 Mbyte free harddisk-space

Bus-System : ISA-Bus slots mandatory, minimum two free slots to insert LONG TYPE ISA boards for ALV-5000/E/WIN PCI Bus slot, minimum one free slot (33 MHz, 32 bit, 5V) for ALV-5000/EPP/WIN Graphics : min. 1024 x 768 (256 colours) Monitor : 17“ Monitor is strongly recommended Other : min. 1 free serial RS-232 port, Mouse

Operating System : MS-WINDOWS-95/98/NT-4.0

Printer : Any type of printer with appropriate printer driver for MS-WINDOWS-95/98/NT, colour printing is supported by the software.

♦ ♦ Optical table/breadboard (minimum dimensions: 900 x 1800 mm, min. 2“ better 3“ thick) with

grid pattern of METRIC M6 threaded mounting holes in 25 mm grid square. ♦ Heating/cooling circulator, with provision for connection of an external Pt-100 temperature

probe.


alv / cgs-5022f and alv / cgs-5050f compact goniometer

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