alzheimers kayetty
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ALZHEIMERSDementia - is a serious loss of cognitive ability in
a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might
be expected from normal aging. It may be static,
the result of a unique global brain injury, or
progressive, resulting in long-term decline due to
damage or disease in the body.
ALZHEIMERS - (AD), is the most common formof dementia. This incurable, degenerative,
and terminal disease was first described by German
psychiatrist and neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in
1906 and was named after him. Generally, it is
diagnosed in people over 65 years of age.
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is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that ischaracterized by impairment of memory andeventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning,
language, and perception. Many scientists believethat Alzheimer's disease results from an increasein the production or accumulation of a specificprotein (beta-amyloid protein) in the brain that
leads to nerve cell death.
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Manifestations:First Stage:
Memory loss
Lack of spontaneity
Subtle personality changes
Disorientation to time anddate
Second Stage:
Impaired Cognition and
abstract thinking Restlessness and agitation
Wandering (Sun-downSyndrome)
Inability to carry out ADL
Impaired Judgment
Inappropriate socialbehhavior
Lack of insight, abstract
thinking Repetitive behavior
Voracious appetite
Third Stage
Emanciation, Indifferenceto food
Inability to communicate
Urinary and fecalIncontinence
Seizures
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Ten warning signs ofAlzheimer's disease
Memory loss
Difficulty performing familiar tasks
Problems with language
Disorientation to time and place Poor or decreased judgment
Problems with abstract thinking
Misplacing things
Changes in mood or behavior
Changes in personality
Loss of initiative
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5 As Amnesia
Apraxia
Agnosia
Aphasia
Anomia
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Diagnostic Tests: PET Scan(positron emission
tomography)
EEG (Electroencephalogram)
CT Scan (computerized tomography)
MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging)
Autopsy (as the most reliable)
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Main Causes
Cause(s) of Alzheimer's disease is (are)
not known Amyloid cascade hypothesis" (most
common)
Mutations associated with Alzheimer'sdisease
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Treatment
1. cholinesterase inhibitors
2. partial glutamate antagonists.
Non Pharmacological:
Non-medication based treatments include maximizingpatients' opportunities for social interaction andparticipating in activities such as walking, singing,dancing that they can still enjoy. Cognitiverehabilitation, (whereby a patient practices on acomputer program for training memory), may or maynot be of benefit. Further studies of this method are
needed