amap bds: a value chain framework for promoting economic growth that reduces poverty jeanne downing...
TRANSCRIPT
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AMAP BDS:A VALUE CHAIN FRAMEWORK FOR
PROMOTING ECONOMIC GROWTH THAT REDUCES POVERTY
JEANNE DOWNING 7/28/05
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TOPICS TO BE COVERED
• What is AMAP BDS about anyway?
• From BDS market development to value chains?
• What small firms need to grow?
• What are Value Chains (VCs), and where is the BDS?
• A framework for intervening
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WHAT IS AMAP BDS ABOUT?
• Creating wealth in poor communities
• Integrating small and very small firms into growing markets
• Ensuring that these small firms have the support needed to compete in growing markets
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MOVING FROM BDS TO VALUE CHAINS
What were you thinking …… ?
• The importance of vertical linkages to growth
• Growth key to demand for BDS (a derived demand)
• Firm-level investments need to yield +ROI
• Many small firms are in stagnant markets
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WHAT SMALL FIRMS NEED TO GROW?
Why isn’t BDS enough?
• Is BDS enough?
• Is finance enough?
• Is access to markets enough?
• Is access to improved inputs enough?
• Are producer groups enough?
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VALUE CHAINS SUPPORT SMALL FIRM GROWTH
How?
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WHAT IS A VALUE CHAIN?
Financial (cross cutting)
Financial (cross cutting)
Sector-specific providers
Sector-specific providers
Cross-cutting providers
Cross-cutting providers
ProducersProducers
Input SuppliersInput Suppliers
WholesalersWholesalers
National RetailersNational Retailers
ExportersExporters
Global RetailersGlobal
Retailers
BuyersBuyers
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ENVIRONMENTS IN WHICH VALUE CHAINS OPERATE…
Global Enabling Environment
National Enabling Environment
Financial (cross cutting)
Financial (cross cutting)
Sector-specific providers
Sector-specific providers
Cross-cutting providers
Cross-cutting providers
ProducersProducers
Input SuppliersInput Suppliers
WholesalersWholesalers
National RetailersNational Retailers
ExportersExporters
Global RetailersGlobal
Retailers
BuyersBuyers
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OBJECTIVES OF THE VALUE CHAIN APPROACH TO:
• Improve the growth potential of VCs with large numbers of small firms
• Enhance small firm contributions to VC growth
• Ensure small firms benefits
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A FRAMEWORK FOR INTERVENING
Factors influencing Value Chain Competitiveness …
1. End Market
2. Enabling Environment- Global- National
3. Inter-Firm Cooperation– Vertical– Horizontal
4. Supporting Markets– Sector specific– Cross cutting– Financial
5. Firm Level Upgrading
Global Enabling Environment
National Enabling Environment
Financial (cross cutting)
Input Suppliers
Sector specific providers
Cross-cutting providers
xProducers
WholesalersExporters
National Retailers
Processors
Global Retailers
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END MARKETS & COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
End Markets … define opportunities for growth
• Potential for competitiveness dependent on:-Efficiency/low cost
-Quality/product differentiation
-Changes in demand
(e.g. specialty coffee)
Global Enabling Environment
National Enabling Environment
Financial (cross cutting)
Input Suppliers
Sector specific providers
Cross-cutting providers
xProducers
WholesalersExporters
Processors
Global Retailers
National Retailers
End market demands drive standards
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GLOBAL ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Global Enabling Environment defines boundaries of opportunities
• WTO• Multi-lateral agreements• Free Trade Agreements• Standards• Organic, fair trade• VC governance
Global Enabling Environment
National Enabling Environment
Financial (cross cutting)
Input Suppliers
Sector specific providers
Cross-cutting providers
xProducers
WholesalersExporters
National Retailers
Processors
Global Retailers
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NATIONAL ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
Business Environment imposes costs on small firms
• Property rights• Duties• Tariffs• Business licensing• Monetary and Fiscal Policies• Public Infrastructure
Global Enabling Environment
National Enabling Environment
Financial (cross cutting)
Input Suppliers
Sector specific providers
Cross-cutting providers
xProducers
Global Retailers
WholesalersExporters
National Retailers
Processors
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INTER-FIRM COOPERATION: VERTICAL LINKAGES
Vertical Linkages are fundamental to growth
Relationships among vertically linked firms, e.g. between:
• input supply
• distribution to final consumer
Global Enabling Environment
National Enabling Environment
Financial (cross cutting)
Input Suppliers
Sector specific providers
Cross-cutting providers
xProducers
Global Retailers
WholesalersExporters
National Retailers
Processors
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INTER-FIRM COOPERATION: HORIZONTAL LINKAGES
Horizontal Linkages create collective efficiencies
Relationships among horizontally linked firms performing like functions
• Create economies of scale
• Increase bargaining power e.g. input and bulk sales
Global Enabling Environment
National Enabling Environment
Financial (cross cutting)
Input Suppliers
Sector specific providers
Cross-cutting providers
xProducers
Global Retailers
WholesalersExporters
National Retailers
Processors
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SUPPORTING MARKETS
Supporting Markets include BDS
• Sector Specific providers
• Cross-cutting providers
• Financial (cross-cutting) providers
Global Enabling Environment
National Enabling Environment
Financial (cross cutting)
Input Suppliers
Sector specific providers
Cross-cutting providers
xProducers
Global Retailers
WholesalersExporters
National Retailers
Processors
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FIRM-LEVEL UPGRADING
Firm-Level Upgrading requires BDS
Upgrading by:
– Improving products
– Improving process
– Specializing in new functions
– Moving into new market channels
Upgrading requires:
– Access to supporting mkts
– Access to learning, know-how, skills
– Appropriate incentives (consider risks, expected returns)
...current capacity to be able to respond to opportunities
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SUSTAINING VALUE CHAIN & SMALL FIRM GROWTH
• Promote win-win relationships (Power)
• Foster learning (Learning)
• Expand the depth and breadth of benefits (Benefits)
Creating systemic change
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SUSTAINING VALUE CHAIN & SMALL FIRM GROWTH
Power / Learning / BenefitPower / Learning / Benefit
Promote win-win relationships
Asymmetrical Win-Win
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SUSTAINING VALUE CHAIN & SMALL FIRM GROWTH
Power / Learning / BenefitPower / Learning / Benefit
Foster learning
• Where will learning come from over time?
– Buyers as catalysts for change and learning
– Input suppliers as sources of information
– Traders as disseminators of innovation
– Service providers’ contributions to learning
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SUSTAINING VALUE CHAIN & SMALL FIRM GROWTH
Power / Learning / BenefitPower / Learning / Benefit
Expand depth & breadth of benefits
Sources of Benefit:
Value of expected returns
Dependable returns
Reduced risks
Create incentives for investment
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YOUR QUESTIONS?