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Choosing the Best CPU for Half-Life 2Following our detailed test report about the contemporary graphics cards performance in Half-Life 2 game we

decided to pay special attention to the CPU performance in it. In our new article you will find the results

obtained for 29 different platforms. Make your choice today!

by Ilya Gavrichenkov

11/22/2004 | 11:01 PM

Even if you are not playing Half-Life 2 yet, you will hardly be able to avoid this game. This 3D shooter, which

has every right to be nominated for the title of the Best game of the Year 2004 proved really exciting and

attractive for the commencing gamers as well as for the hardcore ones. This effect is certainly achieved due tounbelievable environment created by the game developers, as well as the thrilling plot and outstanding effects.

One of the indisputable strengths of the world created in Half-Life 2 is definitely very strong artificial

intelligence of all enemies and friends, and very realistic physics of the environment and characters, which very

often makes you nearly believe that things are happening for real. To tell the truth, the physical model of

half-Life 2 game is worth a separate detailed discussion. This game is based on the todays most advanced

Havok engine, which makes all the objects in the game obey the laws of physics. Despite the size and the

importance of the given object for the story and the scene no matter if this is a large truck or a small stone atthe sea shore all of them do obey fundamental laws of physics and are affected by forces of gravity, friction

and flotation.

This way it is not only the powerful graphics card responsible for flawless display of the environment and

characters on the screen that determines the number of fps you can get in Half-Life 2. When playing half-Life 2,

the system CPU is also loaded to the full extent, as it is actively involved into the physical calculations and those

dealing with the characters artificial intelligence models. That is why we decided to undertake an extensive

testing of 29 contemporary platforms based on different processors, following our detailed investigation of the

actual graphics cards performance (for details about the performance of graphics cards in the new half-Life 2

please see our article calledHalf-Life 2 Performance Preview: The Graphics Hardware Squeezer).

labs - Print version http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/cpu/print/29cpu

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The developer of Half-Life 2 game, valve Software recommends using a CPU supporting at least 2.4GHz actual

clock frequency (over 2400+ performance rating). However, according to our experience, this game has already

proven to be very CPU-dependent, so any additional MHz above the recommended 2400 will definitely work for

the best. We have already seen proof to this point during our graphics cards tests in Half-Life 2: in certain scenes

the systems performance remained at the acceptable level even in the hardest work modes. All this indicates

very clearly that the system performance in Half-Life 2 in many cases depends on the CPU.

All in all, there is nothing surprising about Half-Life 2 being so dependent on the CPU speed. Since the game

developers decided to pay special attention to the physical picture of the world and the artificial intelligence ofthe characters created in this game, it appeared simply impossible to do it without loading the CPU pretty

heavily. As a result, Half-Life 2 game turns out to be a really efficient and illustrative processor benchmark,

being very similar to real-time physical modeling tasks with simultaneous visualization of the calculation results.

Testbed and Methods

We tested the processors in Half-Life 2 game by playing the preliminarily recorded demo scenes. Luckily,

Half-Life 2 uses its own physical engine even for pre-recorded demo playback, so the fps rates obtained

throughout this test does reflect the fps rate during actual gameplay. For our testing needs we used the same five

demos we have already introduced to you in our article devoted to the graphics cards performance in Half-Life

2. Note that we decided to use all these demos, because as we have just seen Half-Life 2 loads different systemcomponents differently in each demo. Therefore, we assume that the CPU performance can also vary in different

demos.

We also discovered that the use of high resolutions, FSAA and anisotropic filtering in Half-Life 2 doesnt make

the fps rate less dependent on the processor speed. In other words, even when the work mode is very heavy and

resource consuming for the graphics subsystem, Half-Life 2 remains very CPU dependent. That is why we

decided to perform our tests in two video modes. In the first case we tried to unload the graphics subsystem as

much as possible: we set 1024x768 resolution, disabled anti-aliasing and anisotropic filtering. In the second case

we used the same settings a gamer would use for a powerful graphics accelerator: we set the 1280x1024

resolution, enabled 4x anti-aliasing and 16x anisotropic filtering. Other settings remained the same in both cases

and were at their maximum all the time, so that we could ensure maximum image quality: model detail high,

texture detail- high, water detail reflect all, shadow detail high, shader detail high.

Of course, we used the most powerful graphics card for our processor benchmarks: ATI RADEON X800 XT

working at 500MHz chip and 1000MHz memory frequency.

The complete list of tested processors as well as other testbed components are given below:

CPU:

AMD Athlon 64 FX-55 (Socket 939, 2.6 GHz, 1024KB L2);

AMD Athlon 64 4000+ (Socket 939, 2.4 GHz, 1024KB L2);


AMD Athlon 64 3500+ (Socket 939, 2.2 GHz, 512KB L2);AMD Athlon 64 3500+ (Socket 939, 2.2 GHz, 512KB L2, Winchester core);


AMD Athlon 64 3200+ (Socket 939, 2.0 GHz, 512KB L2, Winchester core);


AMD Athlon 64 3000+ (Socket 939, 1.8 GHz, 512KB L2, Winchester core);



AMD Sempron 3100+ (Socket 754, 1.8 GHz, 256KB L2);

AMD Athlon XP 3200+ (2.2 GHz, 400MHz FSB, 512KB L2);

AMD Athlon XP 3000+ (2.0 GHz, 400MHz FSB, 512KB L2);


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Intel Pentium 4 570J (LGA775, 3.8 GHz);






Intel Pentium 4 3.4E GHz (Socket 478, Prescott);

Intel Pentium 4 3.4 GHz (Socket 478, Northwood);

Intel Pentium 4 3.2E GHz (Socket 478, Prescott);Intel Pentium 4 3.2 GHz (Socket 478, Northwood);





Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition 3.46 GHz (LGA775, 1066Hz FSB).

Mainboards:

MSI K8N Neo2 Platinum (Socket 939, NVIDIA nForce3 250);

EPoX 8KDA3+ (Socket 754, NVIDIA nForce3 250);

ASUS A7N8X-E Deluxe (Socket A, NVIDIA nForce2 Ultra 400);

ASUS P5AD2-E Premium (LGA775, i925XE Express).ASUS P4C800-E Deluxe (Socket 478, i875P).

Memory:

1024MB DDR400 SDRAM (Corsair CMX512-3200XLPRO, 2 x 512MB, 2-2-2-10);

1024MB DDR2-533 SDRAM (OCZ PC2 4300, 2 x 512MB, 4-4-4-8).

Graphics cards:

Sapphire RADEON X800 XT (AGP 8x);

Sapphire RADEON X800 XT (PCI-E x16);

HDD:

Maxtor MaXLine III 250GB (SATA150).

The tests were run in MS Windows XP SP2 operation system with the DirectX 9.0c installed.

Performance

d1_canals_09


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The typical feature of all scenes with the word canals is the presence of large water surfaces. Water surface is

one of the toughest tests for a graphics card in Half-Life 2. Nevertheless, it in no way means that the CPU is

doing nothing in this case.


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As we see, the fps rate does depend a lot on the CPU in the light graphics card mode. The performance

difference between the top CPUs and the mainstream CPUs is over 50%. In general, we can state that Athlon 64

processors from AMD proved to be the fastest here. In fact, the performance of the top Intel Pentium 4 models

is as high as that of AMD Athlon 64 3200+.

However, this result was obtained in slightly artificial conditions. Lets see what the situation is going to look like

when we switch to a heavier graphics test mode.


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With enabled FSAA and anisotropic filtering the CPU performance doesnt really affect the results. It is

probably the graphics card that appears the bottleneck in this case. However, this is not at all surprising:

Half-Life 2 uses a special shader for water surfaces, which loads the graphics processor really heavily.

Nevertheless, I have to note that the advantage of Athlon 64 processors, which we have already pointed out to

you in the previous case didnt prove to be true here. LGA775 systems using Pentium 4 processors run almost

neck and neck with their AMD rivals. Again, this is all pretty logical: PCI Express graphics card used in the

LGA775 platform worked faster than a similar AGP 8x solution. So, the graphics bus bandwidth seems to be also

having some influence on the Half-Life 2 performance. Unfortunately, there are no mass platforms yet for AMDAthlon 64 processor, which would use PCI Express x16 bus, therefore, we dare state mostly theoretically that it

makes much more sense to have a graphics card supporting PCI Express x16 bus if you are going to play

Half-Life 2 in graphics-heavy modes. Anyway, the performance gain provided by this bus is not that

dramatically big and makes only 2-3%.

d1_town_01


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In this demo we can see a short fight against zombies, which are defeated with the help of a gravity gun loaded

with anything available at hand. This weapon should really load the CPU. Moreover, we also witness a few huge

explosions, which blast effect scatters all objects and characters around.


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The situation is very similar to what we have already seen in the previous demo. AMD processors are again far

ahead their rivals from Intel due to bigger computational potential.


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When we run the tests in heavier resolution, LGA775 platform manages to significantly improve its

performance due to PCI Express x16 bus. Pentium 4 processors tested in Socket 478 platform, which uses AGP

8x bus cannot boast the same success. For instance, Pentium 4 Northwood working at 3.4GHz clock frequency is

totally defeated by AMD Athlon 64 3200+, while Pentium 4 on the Prescott core working at the same core

frequency even falls behind Athlon 64 3000+. So I wouldnt be so enthusiastic about the Pentium 4 platform

performance in Half-Life 2: the victory here is not absolutely fair I should say.

d2_coast_05


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Is there anything better than a nice car-ride along the steep riverside? This is exactly what we are going to do in

the next demo. However, our hero will not just drive through the d2_coast_05 demo scene, but will also have to

shoot a few enemies and overcome a few obstacles lying in his way.

If you have read our article devoted to the graphics cards performance in Half-Life 2, which was put up a few

days ago, you should remember that this is a very processor-dependent game level. Even in the top resolution the

CPU appeared a system bottleneck preventing the performance from going all the way to the maximum. But

before we take a look at the top resolutions, lets check out the systems performance in 1024x768 with disabled

FSAA and anisotropic filtering.


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Well, this is a pretty familiar picture, actually, with that only difference that AMD Athlon 64 processors are even

farther ahead of their competitors. Well, it looks like this is typical of Half-Life 2: the more processor dependent

the level is, the better perform CPUs with K8 architecture. And here the difference is simply dramatic: Athlon 64

2800+ outperforms Pentium 4 3.6GHz! Moreover, the pretty old Athlon XP CPUs seem to have caught their

second wind: even Athlon XP 3200+ appears faster than any of the Pentium 4 3.2GHz.

Now lets see how the picture will change when we set normal resolution.


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Wow, this is a truly impressive CPU-dependence. We set the resolution to 1280x1024, enabled FSAA 4x and

16x anisotropic filtering, and the results remained almost the same. I have every right to state that the Half-Life

2 performance in this scene is fully dependent on the system CPU. This is exactly why you might want to have a

faster processor for this game.

d3_c17_02


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Here we are participating in a town battle. Our hero fights side by side with a strong robo-dog, which grabs the

passing car and throws it into the enemies following all physical laws. Another excellent example of one more

CPU-dependent situation.


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Again we see the same picture. Despite a drastic change of the gaming environment AMD CPUs retain their

indisputable leadership.


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In fact, it would be incorrect to say that the CPU is the only performance limiting factor here. When we set the

resolution to a higher one the fps rate does drop noticeably. However, the CPU does play an important role here

anyway and again we see AMDs triumph. It looks like it was not for nothing that Valve developers called K8

architecture the most suitable for their new game. Also note that Hyper-Threading technology, as well as SSE3

instructions havent been implemented in Half-Life 2 at all.

Well, Valve software engineers didnt actually strive for making use of all most advanced features offered by


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contemporary Intel CPUs.

d3_c17_12

The last demo used for our todays test session also appeared very dependent on the CPU performance. In

d3_c17_12 level we see a common street fight with a lot of soldiers involved on both sides. And as we have

already seen, when it comes to shooting, CPU power can never be too much.


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I believe that no comment is necessary here. By this time you should have already understood that AMD

processors show their best in Half-Life 2 much more successfully than the solutions from Intel.


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The situation hardly changes when we set heavier resolution for the graphics subsystem. Here we see that even

in the heaviest work modes the CPU does determine the overall performance of the system.

Conclusion

Half-Life 2 appeared exactly the game where the CPU performance and potential do matter a lot. Even in high

screen resolutions with enabled FSAA and anisotropic filtering, a powerful graphics card is not enough to ensure

high fps rate. Quality physical model of the gaming environment in Half-Life 2 does require a powerful CPU.

Since physical modeling sets most of the workload on the central processor during Half-Life 2 gameplay, AMDs

solutions appear the fastest as they have always been known for their high performance in scientific

math1ematical and physical tasks. These processors appear a way ahead Intel CPUs: Intels top processors lose

even to the mainstream AMD solutions. This is also partially explained by the fact that Valve doesnt use any of

the Intels advanced features, such as SSE3 or Hyper-Threading, which should significantly speed up Intel

Pentium 4 based platforms.

In conclusion we decided to make a graph illustrating average performance of the testing participants in

Half-Life 2 basing on the results obtained in the above discussed five demo scenes and two resolution modes:


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Well, this diagram can actually serve as a direct advisor when choosing a CPU for Half-Life 2. If you got really

excited about the new game and would like to upgrade your system in order to enjoy comfortable gaming

experience in Half-Life 2, this diagram should help you to make the right choice. And please keep in mind that

we also have a very detailed guide, which will help you also decided on the graphics card for your system (for

details please see our recent article calledHalf-Life 2 Performance Preview: The Graphics Hardware Squeezer).


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