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AmericaIn God’s ProvidenceA Christian Worldview History(1492-1800)

Gary DeMarwith Fred D. Young, Gary L. Todd, and George Grant

GenerationsP A S S I N G O N T H E F A I T H

Course Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

A New World in View: Teaching Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

A New World in View: Test Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

A New World in View: Test Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Building a City on a Hill: Teaching Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Building a City on a Hill: Test Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Building a City on a Hill: Test Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

On the Road to Independence: Teaching Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

On the Road to Independence: Test Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

On the Road to Independence: Test Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Contents

First Semester Suggested Daily Schedule

First Quarter

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Volume 1

A New World in View

Teaching Guide

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A N e w Wo r l d i n Vi e w

Teaching GuideThis Teaching Guide to A New World In View includes answers to all terms and discussion questions. Please feel free to improvise and adjust the lessons to meet the needs of your particular student(s). Some students learn faster and can complete two or more lessons in a day. Others may require longer than one day for a given lesson.

One of the best ways to learn history is to do the work of a historian. It is recommended that each pupil complete a historical research paper on a topic discussed in the textbook. This will help develop research and communication skills along with historical awareness. Both research and writing skills have important applications in many other areas besides history.

You may wish to combine the historical research project with part of the English curriculum. It is important that the research paper be evaluated for its style, the correctness of its grammar, and its readability, as well as its historical accuracy. One important point should be noted: Students will do a better job if they are able to select a project which is of interest to them. Before assigning the project, students should be required to skim through the text and see what they might find exciting. Furthermore, they should be encouraged to explore the collection of a good library to get ideas and to find source materials for their research.

Terms that are followed by a “D” are not defined in A New World In View. Students should consult a dictionary if they do not know the meaning of a term. Terms that are followed with a number indicate the page on which the definition is found in the textbook.

Note about optioNal eNrichmeNt projects

The Optional Enrichment Projects are designed to help enhance a student’s knowledge about topics touched on briefly or only indirectly in A New World In View and to think through difficult issues. They are optional and should be assigned after assessing a student’s ability to handle the extra work load.

16

T E A C H I N G G U I D E

This introductory chapter answers questions regarding what it means to pledge allegiance, to whom, as Christians, we must pledge allegiance, and how we should view and interpret history.

DiscussioN QuestioNs

1. What are some of the things to which we tend to “pledge ourallegiance”?Examples might include a nation or ethnic group, a governmental leader, our career, possessions, fame, sports, or a hobby. There are many possible answers here. Moreover, allegiances shift as we grow older and our interests become more varied.

2. What does God say about what it means to pledge allegiance?Study and comment on Exodus 20:3.Exodus 20:3 directs us that we must have no other gods before the one true God, no matter what those gods might be. The Lord demands that our ultimate allegiance be to Him alone. Any goal that supersedes our devotion to God is idolatry.

3. What does it mean that “the facts of history are never neutral”?History is written by people who interpret it in light of their own preconceived ideas. For example, a historian who believes in a big federal government will describe the New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt in a far different manner than will a conservative who believes in limited government. In addition, the historian’s preconceptions will determine what facts he will choose to present to make his case. His values will determine what he thinks important to tell. A Christian historian will probably present facts about the religious motivations of America’s early explorers and settlers while an atheist will probably ignore most of the facts of the Christian origins of America. To understand history, you absolutely must understand the historian and his point of view.

4. How does the Christian understand history?History is more than just “one thing after another.” It is the unfolding of the purpose and plan of God who is the sovereign Lord of history. In a study of history we see many examples of human depravity and rebellion against God’s will as revealed in Scripture. Yet we also see examples of faithfulness to God which should inspire us to be more faithful ourselves. While we may not understand how a particular event fits into God’s purpose, we know that ultimately God ordains everything to His honor and glory.

5. How should we act knowing that God is the sovereign Lord ofhistory?We must be bold in our obedience to God’s revealed Word in Scripture. The Christian who understands that God is Lord over history has no business passively

L e s s o n 1Introduction: TO PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE

Terms

pledge:To make a binding promise or agreement. (1)

allegiance:

Loyalty or devotion. (1)

republic:A state in which power rests in its citizens acting through their chosen representatives. (D)

nation:People living within a territory who are conscious enough of their unity to possess or seek a government of their own. (D)

indivisible:Incapable of being divided. (D)

liberty:Ordered freedom. (D)

justice:Truth, fairness, and moral rightness. (D)

sovereignty:Possession of supreme or highest power. (3)

sovereign:A supreme lord or ruler. (3)

PeoPle

Francis Bellamy: A newspaperman who wrote the Pledge of Allegiance in 1892 (2).

Dwight D. Eisenhower:The United States president under whose administration the phrase “under God” was added to the Pledge in 1954 (2).

17

waiting to escape this world. He has an obligation to be God’s faithful servant advancing the kingdom of our Lord, confident in the knowledge that God is working out His plans and purposes and that He will be triumphant.

Assignment: Read Chapter 1 before next lesson.

L e s s o n 1

Introduction: TO PLEDGE ALLEGIANCE

A N e w Wo r l d i n Vi e w

18

Volume 1

A New World in View

TEST QUESTIONS

50

A New World in View TEST 1: Chapters 1–3

T E ST 1 Chapters 1 – 3Name__________________________________________________________Date____________________________

Identify:

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._..1.__Rome’s_first_emperor.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._..2.__Inventor_of_movable_type_printing_press.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._..3.__Self-appointed_“prophet”_of_God_who_started_religion_of_Islam.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._..4._Roman_emperor_who_launched_first_persecution_of_Christians_in_A.D._64.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._..5._Pope_who_launched_the_first_Crusade_in_1095_to_drive_back_the_armies_of_Islam.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._..6._Early_Christian_writer_who_stressed_that_the_biblical_worldview_must_serve_as_the_standard_in_evaluating_all_competing_worldviews.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._..7._English_scholar_whose_insistence_that_the_Bible_alone_is_the_authority_for_Christians_in_matters_of_belief_and_conduct_challenged_the_authority_of_the_Roman_Catholic_hierarchy_and_helped_pave_the_way_for_the_Protestant_Reformation.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._..8._Roman_Emperor_from_A.D._379_to_395_who_declared_the_empire_to_be_officially_Christian,_which_mistakenly_gave_the_label_“Christian”_to_many_pagans.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._..9._Fifth-century_B.C._Greek_physician;_the_“father_of_medicine.”

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._10._Early_church_reformer_from_Prague_who_paved_the_way_for_the_Protestant_Reformation_in_Bohemia.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._11._Thirteenth-century_Venetian_traveler_to_China_whose_published_journal_stimulated_the_desire_of_Europeans_for_the_wealth_of_the_East.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._12._German_mercenary_who_deposed_Rome’s_last_emperor_in_A.D._476_and_thereby_brought_an_end_to_the_Roman_Empire.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._13._Roman_Emperor_from_A.D._37_to_41_noted_for_his_incredible_cruelty._He_demanded_to_be_worshipped_as_a_god_and_required_the_Jews_to_erect_a_statue_of_himself_in_the_sacred_temple_in_Jerusalem.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._14._King_of_Franks_who_converted_to_Christianity_and_ordered_his_soldiers_to_be_baptized,_establishing_the_idea_that_the_ruler’s_religion_determined_that_of_his_subjects.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._15._Great_Mongol_Emperor_of_China.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._16._Turkish_ruler_whose_army_captured_and_sacked_Constantinople_in_1453,_bringing_an_end_to_the_remnants_of_the_Byzantine_Empire_and_setting_the_stage_for_a_Muslim_invasion_of_Eastern_Europe.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._17._A_set_of_beliefs_about_the_most_important_issues_of_life;_a_way_of_viewing_or_interpreting_reality.

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TEST 1: Chapters 1–3 A New World in View

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._18._A_deadly_disease_spread_by_fleas_from_infected_rats_which_wiped_out_millions_during_the_Middle_Ages.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._19._A_term_meaning_three_in_one,_as_in_the_Godhead_which_consists_of_God_the_Father,_God_the_Son,_and_God_the_Holy_Spirit—three_distinct_persons_yet_one_God.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._20._The_relationship_of_a_lord_and_his_vassals_in_which_the_vassals_paid_homage_to_the_lord_and_performed_military_service_in_return_for_his_protection_and_the_use_of_his_land.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._21._The_“love_of_wisdom.”

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._22._The_entire_territory_under_the_influence_of_Christianity.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._23._Medieval_style_of_architecture_characterized_by_high,_vaulted_ceilings,_pointed_arches,_and_flying_buttresses.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._24._A_term_meaning_“universal.”

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._25._The_cutting_off_of_an_unrepentant_member_from_the_government,_fellowship,_and_sacraments_of_the_Church.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._26._The_name_of_the_god_of_Muhammad.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._27._The_holy_book_of_Islam.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._28._The_sum_total_of_beliefs_and_ways_of_living_built_up_by_a_society_and_passed_on_from_one_generation_to_the_next.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._29._The_supposed_pardon_of_sin_by_Roman_Catholic_Church_authorities_and_reduction_of_punishment_in_the_afterlife,_usually_upon_payment_of_a_fee.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._30._Navigational_device_used_to_measure_the_position_of_the_stars.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._31._A_pledge_formerly_made_by_physicians_to_respect_all_life_and_do_“no_harm”_to_their_patients.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._32._A_biblical_concept_which_states_that_all_lordship_belongs_to_God,_that_is,_that_all_those_with_authority_must_exercise_their_rule_only_on_God’s_terms_as_revealed_in_Scripture.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._33._An_invention_that_set_off_a_revolution_in_information_and_publishing_and_paved_the_way_for_the_rapid_spread_of_both_the_teachings_of_the_Protestant_Reformation_as_well_as_ideas_of_the_riches_of_distant_lands.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._34._The_capital_of_the_Eastern_Roman_Empire_and_the_Byzantine_Empire_which_succeeded_it.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._35._The_false_belief,_popular_in_the_Roman_Catholic_Church_during_the_Middle_Ages,_that_during_the_Lord’s_Supper_the_bread_and_wine_are_changed_miraculously_into_the_literal_body_and_blood_of_Jesus.

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A New World in View TEST 1: Chapters 1–3 Essay QuEstion

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FINAL EXAM A New World in View

FINAL EXAM A New World in ViewName__________________________________________________________Date____________________________

Identify:

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._._1._A_set_of_beliefs_about_the_most_important_issues_of_life;_a_way_of_viewing_or_interpreting_reality.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._._2._A_biblical_concept_which_states_that_all_lordship_belongs_to_God,_that_is,_that_all_those_with_authority_must_exercise_their_rule_only_on_God’s_terms_as_revealed_in_Scripture.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._._3._A_term_meaning_three_in_one,_as_in_the_Godhead_which_consists_of_God_the_Father,_God_the_Son,_and_God_the_Holy_Spirit—three_distinct_persons_yet_one_God.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._._4._A_term_meaning_“universal.”

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._._5._Self-appointed_“prophet”_of_God_who_started_the_religion_of_Islam.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._._6._The_name_of_the_god_of_Muhammad.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._._7._The_holy_book_of_Islam.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._._8._English_scholar_whose_insistence_that_the_Bible_alone_was_the_authority_for_the_Christian_in_matters_of_belief_and_conduct_challenged_the_authority_of_the_Roman_Catholic_hierarchy_and_paved_the_way_for_the_Protestant_Reformation.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._._9._Early_church_reformer_from_Prague_who_paved_the_way_for_the_Protestant_Reformation_in_Bohemia.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._10._Thirteenth-century_Venetian_traveller_to_China_whose_published_journal_stimulated_the_desire_of_Europeans_for_the_wealth_of_the_East.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._11._Inventor_of_the_movable_type_printing_press.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._12._A_deadly_disease_which_was_spread_by_fleas_from_infected_rats_and_wiped_out_millions_during_the_Middle_Ages.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._13._Fifth-century_.._Greek_physician;_the_“father_of_medicine.”

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._14._Roman_emperor_who_launched_the_first_persecution_of_Christians_in_A.D._64.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._15._Early_Christian_writer_who_stressed_that_the_biblical_worldview_must_serve_as_the_standard_in_evaluating_all_competing_worldviews.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._16._King_of_the_Franks_who_converted_to_Christianity_and_ordered_his_soldiers_to_be_baptized,_in_keeping_with_the_idea_that_the_ruler’s_religion_determined_that_of_his_subjects.

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A New World in View FINAL EXAM

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._17._A_system_of_localized_government_that_prevailed_during_the_Middle_Ages._The_relationship_of_a_lord_and_his_vassals_in_which_the_vassals_paid_homage_to_the_lord_and_performed_military_service_in_return_for_his_protection_and_the_use_of_his_land.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._18._The_supposed_pardon_of_sin_by_Roman_Catholic_Church_author-_ities_and_reduction_of_punishment_in_the_afterlife,_usually_upon_payment_of_a_fee.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._19._The_cutting_off_of_a_believer_from_the_government,_fellowship,_and_sacraments_of_the_Church_in_the_hope_that_this_would_bring_the_believer_to_repentance_and_restoration.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._20._The_false_belief,_popular_in_the_Roman_Catholic_Church_during_the_Middle_Ages,_that_during_the_Lord’s_Supper_the_bread_and_wine_are_changed_miraculously_into_the_literal_body_and_blood_of_Jesus.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._21._The_struggle_to_rid_the_Spanish_kingdoms_of_the_Muslims.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._22._Portuguese_prince_who_promoted_exploration_in_the_early_fifteenth_century_by_establishing_an_important_school_of_navigation_which_taught_navigation_skills,_astronomy,_and_cartography.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._23._Portuguese_navigator_who_first_rounded_the_Cape_of_Good_Hope_and_discovered_the_possibility_of_a_water_route_to_the_Indies.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._24._Ancient_Greek_philosopher_and_mathematician_whose_famous_statement_“Man_is_the_measure_of_all_things”_sums_up_the_pagan_idea_of_a_man-centered_universe.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._25._Map-making.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._26._Italian_explorer_who_claimed_he_reached_the_continent_of_South_America_before_Columbus_did._A_German_mapmaker_named_the_continent_after_him_and_the_name_stuck.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._27._Powerful_family_of_Florence,_Italy,_whose_wealth_greatly_contributed_to_the_growth_of_the_arts_during_the_Renaissance.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._28._Descendants_of_Muslim_invaders_from_North_Africa_who_occupied_Spain_until_driven_out.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._29._Portuguese_navigator_who_sailed_around_Cape_of_Good_Hope,_up_the_east_coast_of_Africa,_across_the_Indian_Ocean,_and_on_to_India.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._30._Section_of_Rome_which_serves_as_the_residence_of_the_Pope_and_the_center_of_administration_for_the_Roman_Catholic_Church.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._31._Flagship_for_Columbus’s_first_voyage_in_1492.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._32._1494_treaty_imposed_by_the_pope_to_divide_up_the_non-Christian_world_between_Spain_and_Portugal.

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._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._33._Triangular_sail_which_allowed_a_ship_to_sail_into_the_wind_in_a_zigzag_fashion_using_the_same_principle_of_aerodynamic_lift_employed_by_an_airplane_wing.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._34._Medieval_pseudo-science_which_sought_to_turn_common_metals_into_gold_or_silver.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._35._The_name_Columbus_gave_the_island_he_first_set_foot_in_the_New_World.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._36._Second-century_Greek_astronomer_who_drew_a_surprisingly_accurate_map_of_the_world_showing_it_as_a_sphere,_although_he_omitted_North_and_South_America.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._37._The_meaning_of_the_name_“Christopher.”

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._38._Ancient_Greek_philosopher_whose_scientific_ideas_were_placed_on_the_level_of_Scripture_by_Church_leaders_in_the_late_Middle_Ages.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._39._Books_written_in_the_period_between_Old_and_New_Testaments,_which_are_considered_inspired_by_the_Roman_Catholics.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._40._Study_of_the_future_or_“end_times.”

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._41._Scientists_who_study_the_universe_as_a_whole.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._42._Powerful_Indian_empire_which_ruled_ancient_Mexico_from_what_is_now_Mexico_City.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._43._Explorer_who_searched_unsuccessfully_for_the_“fountain_of_youth”_and_made_the_first_Spanish_landing_in_North_America_near_Saint_Augustine,_Florida.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._44._Great_Christian_theologian_from_late_fourth-_and_early_fifth-century_North_Africa_who_wrote_that_the_earth_was_spherical_in_nature.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._45._Norse_explorers_and_warriors,_from_present-day_Scandinavia,_who_terrorized_much_of_northern_Europe_and_the_British_Isles_around_the_tenth_century_and_sent_expeditions_to_North_America_where_they_established_at_least_one_verifiable_settlement_around_the_year_1000.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._46._Pyramid-shaped_towers_build_by_the_Aztecs_which_resemble_those_built_in_ancient_Babylon_and_Sumeria_which_were_probably_used_for_astrology_and_other_religious_purposes.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._47._The_Spanish_soldiers_who_conquered_the_Indians_of_Central_and_South_America.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._48._To_sail_completely_around.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._49._Portuguese_mariner_who_led_the_first_voyage_to_sail_completely_around_the_earth,_although_he_died_before_returning_home.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._50._Norse_explorer_who_discovered_North_America_and_attempted_to_plant_colonies_there_around_1000.

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._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._51._Ancient_and_advanced_Indian_civilization_of_the_Yucatan_Peninsula_of_Mexico.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._52._Nineteenth-century_American_writer_who_created_the_myth_that_church_leaders_believed_in_a_flat_earth_in_the_days_of_Columbus.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._53._The_universe.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._54._Ancient_Babylonian_structure_built_to_reach_the_heavens._Before_its_completion,_God_gave_its_builders_mutually_incomprehensible_languages_which_caused_them_to_scatter_over_the_face_of_the_earth.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._55._A_narrow_strip_of_land,_bordered_on_both_sides_by_water,_connecting_two_larger_bodies_of_land.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._56._“The_year_of_our_Lord.”

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._57._The_Spanish_explorer_who_led_an_expedition_across_Panama_in_1513,_becoming_the_first_European_to_see_the_Pacific_Ocean.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._58._Irish_monk_who_led_a_voyage_which_quite_likely_discovered_North_America_around_A.D._550._His_published_account_of_the_voyage_probably_encouraged_and_guided_Christopher_Columbus_nearly_a_thousand_years_later.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._59._“Out_of_nothing.”

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._60._Powerful_Indian_empire_centered_in_the_Andes_Mountains_of_South_America.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._61._Spanish_explorer_who_roamed_throughout_the_American_South_and_was_the_first_European_to_view_the_Mississippi_River.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._62._Aztec_name_for_their_capital_city.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._63._The_current_name_for_the_Aztec_capital.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._64._Spanish_conquistador_and_conqueror_of_the_Aztecs.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._65._Brutal_Spanish_conqueror_of_the_Inca_empire.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._66._The_year_of_the_conquest_of_the_Aztec_empire.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._67._The_year_of_the_conquest_of_the_Inca_empire.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._68._Dreaded_chief_of_the_Aztecs.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._69._Former_slave,_first_native_Mexican_to_become_a_Christian,_and_interpreter_for_Spanish_in_their_dealings_with_Aztec_chief.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._70._“The_Night_of_Sadness,”_in_which_the_Spanish_lost_nearly_900_men_and_the_Aztec_treasure_as_they_sought_to_escape_the_Aztec_capital.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._71._The_capital_city_of_the_Inca_empire.

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._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._72._The_white-skinned_and_bearded_god_of_Aztec_mythology_who_once_ruled_and_taught_the_Aztecs_about_government,_agriculture,_and_metal-working_at_a_time_the_Aztecs_regarded_as_their_golden_age._He_promised_to_return_in_the_future.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._73._Spanish_explorer_who_roamed_the_American_Southwest_in_search_of_legendary_golden-roofed_cities.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._74._Legendary_golden_cities_of_the_American_Southwest_which_were_the_object_of_a_fruitless_search_by_the_above_Spanish_explorer.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._75._Two-masted_sailing_vessels_used_by_the_Spaniards_in_a_decisive_battle_with_the_Aztecs.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._76._Ruler_of_the_Incas_after_he_won_a_brutal_civil_war_against_his_halfbrother._He_was_in_turn_conquered_by_Spanish.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._77._Official_Spanish_name_for_Peru.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._78._“True_Cross,”_the_camp_established_by_Spanish_as_they_planned_to_conquer_the_Aztec_empire.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._79._The_title_of_the_sole_ruler_of_the_Incas.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._80._The_first_twenty_percent_of_the_wealth_taken_by_conquistadors_which_was_reserved_for_the_king_of_Spain.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._81._Dominican_priest_who_dedicated_his_long_life_to_seeking_just_treatment_for_the_Indians.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._82._A_water_route_to_Asia_either_north_of_or_through_the_North_American_continent_which_early_explorers_hoped_to_find._They_never_found_it_because_it_does_not_exist.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._83._Italian_explorer_who,_while_in_service_of_the_French_king,_explored_the_Atlantic_coast_of_North_America_the_nonexistent_water_route_to_Asia.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._84._Missionary_priest_sent_to_explore_the_Mississippi_River.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._85._French_explorer_who_accompanied_above_missionary_priest_in_search_for_the_mouth_of_Mississippi_River.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._86._Father_of_French_North_America_who_founded_settlement_of_Quebec.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._87._The_land_drained_by_the_Mississippi_River_and_its_tributaries;_it_was_named_in_honor_of_the_French_king.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._88._The_idea_that_all_Spaniards_in_the_New_World_were_cruel,_barbarous,_greedy_villains_who_did_nothing_but_oppress_and_exploit_the_Indians.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._89._French_explorer_who_discovered_the_St._Lawrence_River_and_claimed_much_of_Canada_for_France.

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._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._90._The_system_by_which_chosen_Spanish_colonists_were_entrusted_with_authority_ over_Indian_families.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._91._Spanish_laws_passed_in_1542_to_end_the_above_system_and__establish_guidelines_for_the_just_treatment_of_the_Indians.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._92._Indian_word_meaning_“community.”_Through_a_misunderstand-_ing,_it_became_the_name_for_the_entire_region_north_of_present-day_United_States.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._93._The_“Father_of_Waters.”

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._94._French_North_America.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._95._French_scout_who_crossed_Lake_Michigan_and_“discovered”_Wisconsin,_believing_he_had_reached_China.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._96._Jesuit_missionary_martyred_by_the_Indians_he_hoped_to_convert_to_Christianity.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._97._People_born_of_mixed_Spanish_and_Indian_blood.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._98._Settlement_on_the_St._Lawrence_River_founded_by_the_French_in_1608.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._99._French_explorer_who_sailed_down_the_Mississippi_River_to_the_Gulf_of_Mexico,_named_the_area_drained_by_the_Mississippi_in_honor_of_French_king,_and_claimed_it_for_France.

._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.._.. _100._Indian_tribe_who_were_enemies_of_the_Huron_Indians_and_of_the_French.

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Volume 1

A New World in View

TEST ANSWERS

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Teacher…These tests have been designed to give the teacher several options:

Option I: No essay. Student takes only the “Identify” section of the test. Take three points off for each incorrect answer in questions 1–35.

Option II: Use of essay question. Allow up to 30 points for the essay and distribute points to each test question accordingly.

The teacher should feel free to modify the test or the grading standards to suit his or her needs. For a more challenging test, the teacher might give the student a term and ask the student to define or describe it, rather than merely asking the student to remember the term.

We recommend the use of essay questions for more advanced students because it will provide good training in recognizing key concepts, organizing data logically, and communicating effectively.

We have avoided the more traditional True-False and Multiple-Choice questions because they encourage guessing. Asking the student to provide the answer is a better test of what has been learned.

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A New World in View Test 1 Answers

TesT 1 Answers (Chapters 1 – 3)Identify:

Octavian (Augustus) 1. Rome’s first emperor.

Johann Gutenberg 2. Inventor of movable type printing press.

Muhammad 3. Self-appointed “prophet” of God who started religion of Islam.

Nero 4. Roman emperor who launched first persecution of Christians in A.D. 64.

Urban II 5. Pope who launched the first Crusade in 1095 to drive back the armies of Islam.

Tertullian 6. Early Christian writer who stressed that the biblical worldview must serve as thestandard in evaluating all competing worldviews.

John Wycliffe 7. English scholar whose insistence that the Bible alone is the authority for Christiansin matters of belief and conduct challenged the authority of the Roman Catholichierarchy and helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation.

Theodosius 8. Roman Emperor from A.D. 379 to 395 who declared the empire to be officiallyChristian, which mistakenly gave the label “Christian” to many pagans.

Hippocrates 9. Fifth-century B.C. Greek physician; the “father of medicine.”

John Hus 10. Early church reformer from Prague who paved the way for the ProtestantReformation in Bohemia.

Marco Polo 11. Thirteenth-century Venetian traveler to China whose published journal stimulated thedesire of Europeans for the wealth of the East.

Odoacer 12. German mercenary who deposed Rome’s last emperor in A.D. 476 and therebybrought an end to the Roman Empire.

Gaius (Caligula) 13. Roman Emperor from A.D. 37 to 41 noted for his incredible cruelty. He demanded tobe worshipped as a god and required the Jews to erect a statue of himself in the sacred temple in Jerusalem.

Clovis 14. King of Franks who converted to Christianity and ordered his soldiers to be baptized,establishing the idea that the ruler’s religion determined that of his subjects.

Kublai Khan 15. Great Mongol Emperor of China.

Muhammad 16. Turkish ruler whose army captured and sacked Constantinople in 1453, bringingan end to the remnants of the Byzantine Empire and setting the stage for a Muslim invasion of Eastern Europe.

worldview 17. A set of beliefs about the most important issues of life; a way of viewing orinterpreting reality.

bubonic plague or Black Death 18. A deadly disease spread by fleas from infected rats which wiped out millions during the Middle Ages.

Triune 19. A term meaning three in one, as in the Godhead which consists of God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit—three distinct persons yet one God.

feudal system 20. The relationship of a lord and his vassals in which the vassals paid homage to the lord and performed military service in return for his protection and the use of his land.

philosophy 21. The “love of wisdom.”

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Test 1 Answers A New World in View

Cristendom 22. The entire territory under the influence of Christianity.

Gothic 23. Medieval style of architecture characterized by high, vaulted ceilings, pointed arches,and flying buttresses.

catholic 24. A term meaning “universal.”

excommunication 25. The cutting off of an unrepentant member from the government, fellowship, andsacraments of the Church.

Allah 26. The name of the god of Muhammad.

Koran (or Qu’ran) 27. The holy book of Islam.

culture 28. The sum total of beliefs and ways of living built up by a society and passed on fromone generation to the next.

indulgences 29. The supposed pardon of sin by Roman Catholic Church authorities and reduction ofpunishment in the afterlife, usually upon payment of a fee.

astrolabe 30. Navigational device used to measure the position of the stars.

Hippocratic Oath 31. A pledge formerly made by physicians to respect all life and do “no harm” to theirpatients.

Divine Dominion 32. A biblical concept which states that all lordship belongs to God, that is, that all thosewith authority must exercise their rule only on God’s terms as revealed in Scripture.

moveable type printing press 33. An invention that set off a revolution in information and publishing and paved theway for the rapid spread of both the teachings of the Protestant Reformation as well as ideas of the riches of distant lands.

Constantinople 34. The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire which succeeded it.

transubstantiation 35. The false belief, popular in the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages, thatduring the Lord’s Supper the bread and wine are changed miraculously into the literal body and blood of Jesus.

Essay quEstion

Describe the major problems or challenges the Church faced from its beginning through the Middle Ages, and tell what effect these struggles have had on the Church.

Some possible answers might include:

• Persecution by Roman emperors for refusing to worship emperors or state gods: Persecution reduced theranks of the faithful through death and by frightening away those who were fearful or whose commitmentwas not strong. Those who remained were strengthened in the faith, thus making the Church itselfstronger. Furthermore, the courage of the faithful attracted many to the Church.

• Christianization of Roman Empire: By forcing everyone in the Empire to convert, many people whowere not truly Christian assumed the label “Christian.” This weakened the Church and made it look muchlike the pagan world around it. It brought many non-biblical ideas and practices into the Church, causingspiritual confusion.

• Islam: Muslims often spread their faith by the sword taking the lives of many Christians in their path.Because some elements of Islam are true (for example, the idea that there is but one true

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God), it has been an effective rival to Christianity, and today Islam has become one of its greatest threats in many parts of the world.

• Black Death: Besides killing off millions of people, including millions of Christians, the Black Deathforced individuals to consider their own mortality and their own sin, for many people believed that theplague was the judgment of God.

• Heresy and corruption within the Church: Heresy in the Church led many people astray and enslavedthe ignorant. However, these corruptions also provoked the Protestant Reformation, a revival of biblicalteaching and practice.

• Persecution of true believers by the Church (of people like Hus): Like the persecutions of the RomanEmpire, persecution by the Church may have intimidated some, but provoked a storm of protestwhich helped lead to the Protestant Reformation when millions of people turned back to true biblicaldiscipleship.

• Influence of pagan worldviews like Greek and Roman philosophy: This is probably the most difficultto assess because even the most faithful of God’s people have been subtly affected by them. Onecontemporary example is the teaching of evolution by otherwise faithful Christians at many Christianschools and colleges.

These are just sample answers. Students may discover others. The teacher might give six points for each example—three for listing it and three more for a good explanation of its effect. Partial points could be awarded for an answer which contains some insight but is generally less than satisfactory. The teacher may expect the student to provide at least six examples, in which case each would be worth a total of five points. Grading an essay is highly subjective, but the most important thing for the teacher to remember is to be consistent. Before the test the teacher should give an example of an essay question and show exactly what is expected of the student. But if the teacher is uncomfortable with this type of question, it can be omitted entirely.

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