America Enters the War

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Enlistment

EnlistmentObjectives

• What were two popular methods the US Military acquired soldiers during WWII?

Terms

– Selective Service Act 1940

AMERICANS RUSH TO ENLIST

• The Selective Service Act 1940 – Expanded the draft – All men aged 18 to 45

were eligible for military service,

– Provided an additional 10 million soldiers

• Volunteers– After Pearl Harbor– 5 million Americans

enlisted to fight in the war

ALL AMERICANS FOUGHT

Despite discrimination at home, minority populations contributed to the war effort

• 1,000,000 African Americans served in the military

• 300,000 Mexican-Americans

• 33,000 Japanese Americans

• 25,000 Native Americans• 13,000 Chinese Americans

EnlistmentObjectives

• What were two popular methods the US Military acquired soldiers during WWII?– Volunteers- 5 million– Draft -10 million

•

Terms

– Selective Service Act 1940• Forced American to

register for the draft• Must be 18 yrs old

Sleeping Giant Awakes

Sleeping Giant AwakesObjectives

• What effect did WWII have on the American Economy?

Terms

• Manhattan Project

• War Production Board

MOBILIZATION OF SCIENTISTS

• Focus was on:– radar – sonar to locate

submarines– penicillin

• “Manhattan Project” – Building of the Atomic

Bomb

• In 1941, FDR created the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)

A PRODUCTION MIRACLE

• Americans converted their auto industry into a war industry

• The WPB decided- War Production Board– Which companies would

convert to wartime production

– How to best allocate raw materials to those industries

END OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION

• Farmers too benefited as production doubled and income tripled

• Unemployment fell to only 1.2% by 1944 and wages rose 35%

Sleeping Giant AwakesObjectives

• What effect did WWII have on the American Economy?– It increased production– Created Jobs– Ended the Great

Depression

Terms

• Manhattan Project – Building of the Atomic

Bomb• War Production Board

– Government organization– Transformed industries

from producing “consumer goods” to “military goods”

Women Join The War

Rosie the Riveter

Women in the WarObjectives

• What were the two major ways women contributed to the war effort during WWII?

Terms

– “Rosie the Riveter”

• WAAC

Women in WWII

• “Rosie the Riveter”– icon of women worker– Women told it was their

patriotic duty to work

• Women Working– Huge demand for labor– Wartime production

• Over 6 million women entered the workforce

WOMEN JOIN THE FIGHT• Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)– Under this program women worked

in non-combat roles• Nurses• Typists• Ambulance drivers• Radio operators• Pilots

American Women During WWII“If you can drive a car, you

can run a machine.”

“Why do we need women workers? You can’t build ships, planes, and guns without them.”

http://www.epfl.net/exhibits/warposters/mdwp018/mdwp018s.jpg

Women in the WarObjectives

• What were the two major ways women contributed to the war effort during WWII?– Joined the workforce in

war industries – Did “non-combat” jobs

Terms

– “Rosie the Riveter”• Icon of USA women

worker• WAAC–Women’s Auxiliary

Army Corps

DON'T WASTE

Save

Don't WasteObjectives

• What was the two main purposes of OPA?

• How did the Federal Government control inflation during WWII?

Terms

– OPA

– Inflation

COLLECTION DRIVES

• Organized nationwide drives– Collect scrap iron, tin

cans, paper, rags and cooking fat for recycling

• OPA– The Office of Price Administration

– Purpose of OPA• Set up a system of rationing • Households had set allocations of scarce

goods – gas, meat, shoes, sugar, coffee

• Restrictions on Buying– Ration coupons- Only buy so much a week– “Victory Gardens” Combat the food shortages.

USA Enters WWII

Inflation out of Control• INFLATION

– PRICE OF GOODS INCREASE– Value of Money Decreases

• 1940s- Inflation on the Rise

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TAKES CONTROL OF INFLATION

• FDR reaction– Price freezes

• Price for certain goods could not rise

1942Buy War Bond 200.00 (3%)

1952Sell Bond260.00

200 x 3% = 6.006.00 x 10 yrs= 60.00

• FDR reaction– War Bonds

• Saving Bonds for average people– Money goes to Government

• Two out of every three Americans bought War Bonds

• Interest rate 3 %• Matured in 10 yrs

Don't WasteObjectives

• What was the two main purposes of OPA?• Set up a system of rationing – Organized nationwide

drives• How did the Federal

Government control inflation during WWII?– Price freezes

• Price for certain goods could not rise

– War Bonds• Savings bonds• Money goes to

government

Terms

– OPA• The Office of Price

Administration

– Inflation• PRICE OF GOODS

INCREASE

Keep it Quiet

Don’t talk- Spies are around

“Loose Lips Sinks Ships”

• Campaign to prevent spies from hearing military information

• How could talking help the enemy?• SKIP THE FIRST PART OF VIDEO- BAD

LANGUAGE!!!!Loose Lips Sink Ships Video

Bonus Material

Japanese Concentration Camps

INTERNMENT OF JAPANESE AMERICANS

• When the war began, 120,000 Japanese Americans lived in the U.S. – mostly on the West Coast

• After Pearl Harbor, many people were suspicious of possible spy activity by Japanese Americans

• In 1942, FDR ordered Japanese Americans into 10 relocation centers

Japanese Americans felt the sting of discrimination during WWII

Location of the 10 Internment camps

Jerome camp in Arkansas

U.S. PAYS REPARATIONS TO JAPANESE

• In the late 1980s, President Reagan signed into law a bill that provided $20,000 to every Japanese American sent to a relocation camp

• The checks were sent out in 1990 along with a note from President Bush saying, “We can never fully right the wrongs of the past . . . we now recognize that serious wrongs were done to Japanese Americans during WWII.”

Today the U.S. is home to more than 1,000,000 Japanese-Americans