america in the 1820s election of 1824 corrupt bargain missouri compromise presidency of andrew...
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America in the 1820s
Election of 1824Corrupt Bargain
Missouri CompromisePresidency of Andrew Jackson
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Missouri Compromise1818 – Settlemers have reached Missouri•Most Migration from south and bring slaves with them•Missouri Applies for Statehood in 1819 as a slave state
•“The Slavery Balance”–11 Free States / 11 States Slave in 1819–Adding Missouri upsets the balance–North won’t go for it.
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Missouri Compromise of 1820•Slave state Missouri allowed to Enter Union and Free State Maine allowed to enter Union•Establishes the Mason-Dixon Line:– A Line separating future territory to be evenly distributed
between Slave and free land and it is the southern border of Missouri
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Election of John Quincy Adams 1824-1828
Planting the seeds of a “common revolution”.
--Nationalism is being replaced by sectionalism.--Mainly brought about by slavery and states’ rights--Sectional candidates: John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson.--All were Democratic-Republicans.--The electorate voted along sectional lines.
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A “corrupt bargain”?• Jackson led in both electoral votes and popular votes.• House of Representatives had to decide the winner between the top three
because Jackson did not receive a majority of electoral votes.• Top 3 go to house—Henry Clay is out. William Crawford suffers a stroke so he is
out.• It is down to Jackson and Quincy Adams. • Clay is influential because he is speaker of the House. He works against
Jackson and Adams wins. In return, Adams names Clay as Secretary of State.
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Andrew JacksonElected President in 1828
• Teenager during American Revolution• Moved to Tennessee• War of 1812:
– “Old Hickory” nickname– “Hero of New Orleans”
• Always wanted to be Presiden• After losing to Adams, Jackson creates Democratic Party• Combat corruption of Adams’ Democrati-Republican
Party• Adams create the Republican Party• 1828 Election – Jackson runs as “Man of the People”
and wins over Adams
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Andrew Jackson
• Jacksonian Democracy: The Idea that political Power derives from popular support of the people
• 1. Universal Male Suffrage• 2. Manifest Destiny• 3. Spoils System• 4. Strict Constructionism• 5. Laissez-faire Economics
• Party at the White House! (See handout)
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The Indian Removal Act1828: Most land EAST of Mississippi settled by European descendants•The “5 civilized Tribes” remained in the SE
– Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek
– Had Adopted European Wars and Law and written their own constitution
– They had assimilated with the new culture of America
•White settlers wanted their tribal lands and viewed them as inferior
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The Indian Removal Act
• Jackson decided on removal
• From SE to Oklahoma and Kansas
• US Army supervised the Relocation
• Horrible Conditions
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The Indian Removal Act• Removal of the Cherokee• Cherokee Nation vs.
Georgia– Sued to remain on land– Treaty with USA– Decision: Cherokee were
not citizens = no case
• Trail of Tears– 4,000 were relocated – ¼ died during the trip from
exposure, hunger
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States Rights IssuesJackson strongly for states rights
•1828 Tariff Controversy :
– Tariff on Incoming British Goods to protect Northern Manufacturing
– This was hurtful to Southern Planters because Britain put tariff on US crops
•Brings back the issue States’ Rights and the Nullification Theory:
– States had the right to Nullify any law that was harmful to the state
1832: Tariff controversy caused South Carolina to threaten Secession:
– Voluntary withdraw from the United States
– States agree to join union and they can choose to not follow laws or get out of the union
– Jackson threatens to use United States National Guard to enforce the tarif
– Henry Clay comes in an creates Compromise of 1832:
– Tariff lowered gradually over time
– Union would stay together
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States Rights IssuesNullification Theory and Secession theory would be the basis for the Southern Argument leading up to the Civil War on 25 years later