America & The Age of America & The Age of ImperialismImperialism

Why Did the United Why Did the United States adopt a policy of States adopt a policy of Imperialism ?Imperialism ?

Is America a Republic Is America a Republic or an Empire?or an Empire?

“ “ An empire of Liberty...”An empire of Liberty...”

The Founding Fathers mostly saw America as an “anti-Empire” The Founding Fathers mostly saw America as an “anti-Empire” - an enormous continent of free citizens governing themselves - an enormous continent of free citizens governing themselves in an expanding, democratic, Republic . A model and in an expanding, democratic, Republic . A model and inspiration for democratic revolutions elsewhere.inspiration for democratic revolutions elsewhere.

1893 World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago

Frederick Jackson TurnerFrederick Jackson Turner

"The Significance of the Frontier in American "The Significance of the Frontier in American History"History"

““Up to our own day Up to our own day American history has been American history has been in a large degree the in a large degree the history of the colonization history of the colonization of the Great West. The of the Great West. The existence of an area of free existence of an area of free land, its continuous land, its continuous recession, and the recession, and the advance of American advance of American settlement westward, settlement westward, explain American explain American development.”development.”

TURNERTURNER

ROOSEVELTROOSEVELT

LODGELODGEHenry & Brooks ADAMSHenry & Brooks ADAMS

MAHANMAHANA NETWORK FOR A NETWORK FOR EMPIREEMPIRE

MANIFEST DESTINYMANIFEST DESTINY

James K. Polk

National GreatnessNational Greatness

Colonies for naval basesColonies for naval bases

Colonies to increase tradeColonies to increase trade

Bridge to China - “Open Door”Bridge to China - “Open Door”

1. MORALITYThe “ White Man’s BurdenWhite Man’s Burden” (Anglo-American) or “Civilization Civilization MissionMission” (Franco-Belgian) to spread modern ideas, medicine, good government and education. Ending slavery and other evils was another major goal.

RUDYARD KIPLINGRUDYARD KIPLING

2. RELIGIOUS-MYSTICALReverend Josiah Strong and missionary societies wanted colonization to spread the Gospel of Christ and put “Anglo-Saxons” in charge of running the world.

Christian Missionaries in Qing China

3. ECONOMICThe industrial revolution required raw materials, resources and markets

4. POLITICALAn empire is a sign that a nation is truly great

5. STRATEGICColonies to provide coaling stations, naval bases and to deny the enemy access to strategic waterways like the Panama Canal in time of war.

Adm. A.T. Mahan

“THE IRON TRIANGLE of IMPERIALISM”

MISSIONARIESMISSIONARIES

MERCHANTSMERCHANTS MILITARY OFFICERSMILITARY OFFICERS

YELLOW JOURNALISMYELLOW JOURNALISM

William Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph HearstWilliam Randolph Hearst Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer

What did the What did the Advocates of Advocates of an American an American Empire Manage Empire Manage to Achieve ?to Achieve ?

Queen Lili'uokalaniQueen Lili'uokalaniDeposed 1893Deposed 1893

Lorrin A. ThurstonLorrin A. Thurston

Annexation of Hawaii 1898Annexation of Hawaii 1898

Sanford Ballard DoleSanford Ballard Dole

Spanish-American War 1898 Spanish-American War 1898

Colonies:Colonies:

The PhilippinesThe Philippines

Puerto RicoPuerto Rico

GuamGuam

Protectorate:Protectorate:

CubaCuba

Open Door Notes 1899 -1900Open Door Notes 1899 -1900

Sec. of State John HaySec. of State John Hay

The Panama Canal Zone 1903-1977The Panama Canal Zone 1903-1977

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine““If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States....in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the States....in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine may may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing....to the exercise of force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing....to the exercise of an international police power.”an international police power.”

“The Big Stick”