America On The World Stage

Chapter 28

1899-1909

Philippines Feb. 4, 1899 –

Filipinos begin open insurrection under the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo Filipinos waged

guerilla warfare US used concentration

camps 1901 – Aguinaldo is

captured by US troops and insurrection dissolves

July 4, 1946 – Phil. Gains independence

Open Door Policy 1899 – Sec. State John

Hay introduced the Open Door Policy

Respect Chinese rights & fair competition

Gained wide US approval

Italy was only European country to accept

Boxer Rebellion Patriotic Chinese did

not like sphere of Western influence

“Kill Foreign Devils” 200 missionaries and

other whites # of foreign diplomats

besieged at Beijing (Peking)

18,000 multi-national troops (2,500 US troops) quelled the rebellion

Election of 1900 Republicans re-

nominate McKinley Won war Acquired rich real

estate Set US on gold

standard Gov. T. Roosevelt to

run for Vice-President NY politicians wanted

him out of their hair

Election of 1900 Democrats nominate

William Jennings Bryan

Forced a free-silver debate

Big issue was anti-imperialism

McKinley wins 292-155

Theodore Roosevelt Youngest president

to that date – 42 Impulsive, radical Promised he would

cont. McKinley’s policies

hard work

Isthmus CanalTR became involved in foreign affairsBelieved isthmus canal would augment

Navy’s mobility and help merchant tradeEasier to defend new territories Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850) – treaty

w/ England that said US could not build a canal

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901) – US could build and fortify a canal

Nicaragua v. Panama Philippe Bunau Varilla –

engineer w/ the New Panama Company

Wanted to sell company to US for bargain price of $40 million

Colombia controls Panama and Colombian Senate rejects treaty

Bunau Varilla’s RebellionBunau Varilla raised a small “patriot”

army Columbian troops gathered to crush the

revolt, but the US Navy would not let Columbia enter Panama

Panama Canal 1914 – canal

completed at a cost of $400 million just in time for WWI

T.R. and The Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt feared Europe would interfere as debt-

collectors in Latin America This would be a violation of the Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine – In

the event of future financial malfeasance by Latin America, the US would take over customhouses and pay off their debt. Europe was to stay across the Atlantic

No one can tell Latin America what to do except Uncle Sam

Policeman of the Caribbean

Russo-Japanese WarRussia and Japan go to war in 1904

over disputed land claims in ChinaTeddy Roosevelt performed as a global

statesman to find peace to the conflictRussia wanted Manchuria for its ice-free

ports, and would not leave after the Boxer Rebellion

Portsmouth ConferenceRoosevelt forced Japan to withdraw

their indemnity request and only gave Japan the southern half of Sakhalin Island

Roosevelt received the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize for Russo-Japanese Treaty and his work to make peace in North Africa

San Francisco “Gentlemen’s Agreement” – 1907-1908Secret understanding that Japan would

stop the flow of laborers to the US and SF would allow Japanese students in white schools

1907 – TR sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour ending in Japan

Root – Takahira Agreement1908US and Japan pledged to respect

territorial possessions in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door Policy in China

The voyage of the Great White Fleet gave Uncle Sam a new slogan : “Join the Navy and see the World.”