american art and literary movements
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1776. 2000. American Art and Literary Movements. Puritan Literature. 1776. 2000. Puritan. 1472-1750 Consists mostly of: Diaries Journals Histories Sermons Personal poems. Most writers of the period influenced by Puritan ideals Most works are utilitarian or very religious - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
American Art and Literary Movements
1776 2000
Puritan Literature
1472-1750Consists mostly of:
DiariesJournalsHistoriesSermons
Personal poems
• Most writers of the period influenced by Puritan ideals
• Most works are utilitarian or very religious
• Jonathan Edwards, Anne Bradstreet
1776 2000
Puritan
Enlightenment
1750-1800Consists mostly of:Political documents
PamphletsSpeeches
Letters
• Period characterized by science and logic
• Some use of Bible; mostly further explanation of its teaching
• Benjamin Franklin typifies this period
1776 2000
Enlightenment
Romanticism
1800-1840Literary Movement:
PoetryNovels
Short Stories
• Reaction against previous practical forms of literature
• Entertaining• Emphasized nature,
romance, imagination, individuality
• Hawthorne, Melville, Dickinson, Poe plus Transcendentalists
1776 2000
Romanticism1800-1840 (Art & Literature)
Transcendentalists began as Romantics and are
often considered part of both movements
Romanticism
Artistic Movement:1800-1850~Emphasized:LandscapesFrontier Life
American Themes & Heroes
Nature
Subgroup of American Romantics—
The Hudson River School The first American art
movement, focused mostly on landscapes of
the Hudson Valley & upstate New York.
Leader: Thomas Cole
1776 2000
Romanticism1800-1850
Romanticism
American RomanticPainters
(non HRS):
John Singleton CopleyEmanuel Leutze
Stuart GilbertJohn James Audubon
Stanley Hawk byJohn James Audubon
1776 2000
Romanticism1800-1850
Romanticism
Washington Crossing the Delaware by Emanuel Leutze
1776 2000
Romanticism1800-1850
Romanticism
Buffalo Bill’s Back-Fat, Head Chief, Blood TribeGeorge Catlin (1832)
1776 2000
Romanticism1800-1850
Romanticism
View of the Catskills, Early AutumnThomas Cole
1776 2000
Romanticism1800-1850
(Hudson River School)
Romanticism
Kindred SpiritsAsher Durand (1849)
1776 2000
Romanticism1800-1850
(Hudson River School)
Romanticism
Course of Empire (Series) by Thomas Cole
1776 2000
Romanticism1800-1850
(Hudson River School)
Transcendentalism
Transcendentalism
1840-1855Main Transcendalists:Ralph Waldo EmersonHenry David Thoreau
Bronson AlcottWalt Whitman
• Held belief that man is basically good
• Our intuition and conscience “transcend” our experience, which makes them better guides in life than reason and logic
• God present in each person and in nature
1776 2000
Brook Farm was an utopian, communal farm begun by
adherents of Transcendentalism.
Realism1865-1915
RealismArt and Literary
Movements1865-1915
• Stressed the actual, rather than the imaginary
• Authors: Mark Twain, Stephen Crane (also in Naturalist era)
• Artists included Edward Hopper and members of the Ashcan School of Art
1776 2000
Realism1865-1915
RealismAshcan School of Art
Group of New York ArtistsDepicted urban life, sometimes gritty, and
everyday scenes of ordinary life
(Shown here: Descending from the Bus by William
Glackens)
1776 2000
Realism1865-1915
RealismAshcan School of Art
Group of New York ArtistsDepicted urban life, sometimes gritty, and
everyday scenes of ordinary life
(Shown here: Cliff Dwellers by George
Bellows -1908)
1776 2000
Realism1865-1915
Realism
Edward HopperBest known realist
Not always included with Ashcan School
1776 2000
Night Hawks by Edward Hopper
Naturalism1880-1940
Naturalism1880-1940
Stephen Crane (Red Badge of Courage)
Jack London(Call of the Wild)Theodore Dreiser
(Sister Carrie)
• Saw man as a hapless victim of unchangeable natural laws
1776 2000
A man said to the universe: "Sir, I exist!" "However," replied the universe, "The fact has not created in me A sense of obligation." --Stephen Crane (1894)
Modernism1914-1945
Modernism1914-1945
William FaulknerJohn Steinbeck
F. Scott FitzgeraldErnest Hemingway
Robert FrostEugene O’Neilland many more
• Disillusionment of modern life
• Raised all the great questions of life in their literary works
• Considered by many as our greatest American writers
1776 2000
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance1920s Black Movement
Included:Novelists
PoetsPlaywrightsIntellectuals
ArtistsMusicians
• Centered in the Harlem area of New York City
• Received support from white patrons
• Very productive artistic period in all areas of the arts
• Ended abruptly with the onset of the Great Depression
1776 2000
Famous Namesof the Harlem Renaissance
Writers:Langston Hughes
Zora Neale HurstonVisual artist:
Jacob Lawrence Musicians:
Duke Ellington Ella Fitzgerald
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance1776 2000
Migration of the Negro by Jacob Lawrence
Other Important Authors• Phyllis Wheatley—Colonial poet, America’s
first African-American poet• Horatio Alger—Wrote the rags-to-riches
bestsellers of the mid-1800s• Frank L. Baum—Wrote The Wizard of Oz, the
allegory about free silver• Jack Kerouac—Beat Generation author of On
the Road (1957)
1776 2000
Phyllis Wheatley
Horatio Alger Frank L. Baum Jack Kerouac