AMERICAN COAL ASH ASSOCIATION COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS SAFETY DATA SHEET GUIDANCE DOCUMENT by Haley & Aldrich, Inc. Burlington, MA for ACAA Farmington Hills, MI File No. 129672-002 FINAL August 2018

www.haleyaldrich.com

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List of Tables iii

1. Introduction/Purpose 7

2. Introduction to GHS/OSHA HCS 2012 9

3. Coal Combustion Products 10

3.1 FLY ASH 10 3.2 BOTTOM ASH 10 3.3 CFB ASH (FLUE AND BED) 11 3.4 SYNTHETIC GYPSUM 11

4. CCP Composition 12

4.1 COMPOSITION EVALUATION DETERMINATION 12 4.2 ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY 15 4.3 COMMON PITFALLS IN COMPOSITION DETERMINATION/DISCLOSURE 15

5. Hazard Classification 17

5.1 DATA SUPPORTING THE CCP HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS 17 5.2 SILICA 23

5.2.1 Amorphous Silica and Aluminosilicates 23 5.2.2 Crystalline Silica 23

5.3 CCP COMPOSITION VARIATIONS THAT IMPACT HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS 31 5.3.1 Irritation/Corrosivity 31 5.3.2 Acute Toxicants 33 5.3.3 Substances Defined as Toxic to Reproduction 33 5.3.4 Single Exposure – Specific Toxic Organ Toxicity 34

5.4 FINAL CCP HAZARD CLASSIFICATION 34 5.5 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 37

5.5.1 Higher levels of Calcium Oxide 38 5.5.2 Loss on Ignition Value 38 5.5.3 Beryllium 38

6. SDS Development 40

6.1 GENERAL COMMENTS 40 6.2 SDS SECTION-BY-SECTION COMMENTS 40

7. References 66

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Tables Appendix A – CCP Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Development Checklist Appendix B – CCP Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Template Appendix C – CCP Compositions Summary Workbook Appendix D – CCP Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Section 2 Data Appendix E – CCP Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Section 11 Data Appendix F – Analytical Methods for Assessing CCP Compositions

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List of Tables Table No. Title 1 Substances identified as present in CCPs 2 Examples of substances that would not be applicable for listing as a component

of CCPs 3 Toxicological Data on CCP 4 Physical Hazard Data/GHS Classification on CCPs 5 Example GHS Skin/Eye Irritants or Corrosive Substances that MAY be present in

CCPs 6 Example GHS Acutely Toxic Substances that may be present in CCPs

7 CCP Composition Classification A CCP components that may require disclosure B Available Occupational Exposure Limits for Identified CCP components C Physical Properties D CCP components present on the State Right to Know Lists

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ACA  American Coatings Association ACAA  American Coal Ash Association ACGIH  American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ANSI  American National Standards Institute As  Arsenic ASTM  American Society for Testing and Materials BCF  Bioconcentration Factor Be  Beryllium C  Celsius Cd  Cadmium CA  California CAS  Chemical Abstract Service CCP  Coal Combustion Product CCSEM  Computer‐Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy CFB  Circulating Fluidized Bed CFBC  Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion CFR  Code of Federal Regulation COPD  Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cr  Chromium Cu  Copper CWA  Clean Water Act EC  European Classification ECHA  European Chemicals Agency EHS  Environmental Health and Safety EPA  Environmental Protection Agency EPRI  Electric Power Research Institute EU  European Union FBA  Furnace Bottom Ash FBC  Fluidized Bed Combustion FGD  Flue Gas Desulfurization GHS  Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling  HCS  Hazard Communication Standard Hg  Mercury HMIS  Hazard Materials Information System HSDB  Hazardous Substances Database IARC  International Agency for Research on Cancer ICAP  Inductively Coupled Ion Plasma ICPAES  Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy ICPMS  Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy IMA  Industrial Minerals Association Kow  Octanol‐Water Partition Coefficient LC  Lethal Concentration LD  Lethal Dose LEL  Lower Explosive Limit 

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MA  Massachusetts MMAD  Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter mg/kg  Milligrams Per Kilogram mg/L  Milligrams Per Liter mg/m3  Milligrams Per Cubic Meter Mn  Manganese Mo  Molybdenum MSHA  Mine Safety and Health Administration NIOSH  National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NJ  New Jersey NOAEC  No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration NOAEL  No Observed Adverse Effect Level NTP  National Toxicology Program OEL  Occupational Exposure Level OEHHA  Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment OSHA  Occupational Safety and Health Administration Pa  Pascal Pb  Lead PA  Pennsylvania PBT  Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic PEL  Permissible Exposure Limit PMN  Premanufacture Notice PPE  Personal Protective Equipment RE  Repeat Exposure REACH  Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals REL  Recommended Exposure Limit RCS  Respirable Crystalline Silica RI  Rhode Island RTK  Right‐To‐Know SARA  Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act Sb  Antimony    SDS  Safety Data Sheet Se  Selenium SE  Single Exposure STEL  Short‐Term Exposure Limit STOT  Systemic Target Organ Toxicity STOT‐RE  Systemic Target Organ Toxicity, Repeat Exposure STOT‐SE  Systemic Target Organ Toxicity, Single Exposure Tl  Thallium TLV  Threshold Limit Value TSCA  Toxic Substances Control Act TWA  Time‐Weighted Average  UEL  Upper Explosive Limit µg/m3  Micrograms Per Cubic Meter 

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µm  Micron UN  United Nations U.S.  United States U.S. DOT  United States Department of Transportation USEPA  United States Environmental Protection Agency USGS  U.S. Geological Survey UPL  Upper Prediction Limits UVCB  Unknown or Variable Composition/Biological V  Vanadium VOC  Volatile Organic Compound vPvB  Very Persistent and Very Bioaccumulative  XRD  X‐Ray Diffraction Analysis XRF  X‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis Zn  Zinc    

 

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1. Introduction/Purpose This document has been prepared for the American Coal Ash Association (ACAA), whose mission is to advance the management and use of coal combustion products (CCPs) in ways that are environmentally responsible, technically sound, commercially competitive, and supportive of a sustainable global community. ACAA is a nonprofit trade association devoted to the beneficial use of materials created when coal is burned to generate electricity. While ACAA is not a producer of CCPs, its members include CCP generators, marketers, and associated industries. Recent updates to the United States (U.S.) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) Part 29, Section 1910.1200, 2012 (HCS, 2012) have brought the U.S. OSHA HCS into alignment with the United Nations (UN) Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling System (GHS) - Revision 3; the update provides a common and coherent approach to classifying chemicals and communicating hazard information via Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) and labels distributed not only across North America, but globally (OSHA, 2012b; UNECE,2009). The revised standard was established to improve the quality and consistency of hazard information in the workplace, making it safer for workers by providing easily understandable information on the appropriate handling and safe use of chemicals. SDSs in the U.S. must follow the requirements set forth in OSHA HCS 2012. This document represents an update to the American Coal Ash Association Coal Combustion Product (CCP) Safety Data Sheet Guidance Document, dated September 2015. Its primary purpose is to assist ACAA member companies in developing SDSs for their CCPs. The update was required to incorporate new information on CCP composition, as well as updates to requirements associated with Crystalline Silica and Beryllium promulgated since 2015. During the development of the document, other regulatory updates/guidance that may affect the development of CCP SDSs were also incorporated. For purposes of this guidance document, CCPs include fly ash, bottom ash, circulating fluidized bed (CFB) fly ash, and CFB bed ash. This guidance document, and its associated appendices can serve as a guide for ACAA member companies in the development of U.S. OSHA compliant SDSs that accurately reflect the hazards associated with CCPs. It represents the information available at the time of development. As the guidance and associated appendices were based on composition data compiled in Appendix C (Composition Summary Data), only CCPs whose composition are limited to the substances identified at or below the levels specified are covered. Under the updated OSHA HCS 2012, it is the responsibility of the producer/distributor of a substance or mixture to provide a SDS if that product is considered hazardous per OSHA HCS 2012. OSHA HCS 2012 specifies that the chemical/product manufacturer is responsible for the development of the SDS (in this case, the CCP generator); however, it is also the responsibility of each workplace to ensure the safety of its workers and downstream users where their products are distributed. Therefore, it is in the best interest of the ACAA members—including generators, marketers, handlers, repackagers and distributors—to accurately and consistently assess the potential hazards associated with CCPs so that individual SDSs developed by each member company reflect the potential hazards of the CCPs during normal shipping and handling from initial development through the supply chain.

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The SDS template, provided as Appendix B, has been developed per OSHA HCS 2012 specifications using the OSHA recognized American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard Z400.1: American National Standard for Hazardous Workplace Chemicals – Hazard Evaluation and Safety Data Sheet and Precautionary Labeling Preparation, as a guide. Publicly available information as well as data received directly from ACAA member companies were used to support the development of this document. Information on the different types of CCPs noted above were evaluated not only to confirm composition similarities, but to identify variations that could result in additional hazards associated with those variations. This report has been organized to assist the reader by providing a natural flow of information. The primary sections include: Introduction – This section provides an overview of the goals of the document.

Introduction to GHS/OSHA HCS 2012 – This section provides information on how hazards are evaluated and communicated under OSHA HCS 2012.

Coal Combustion Products – This section is a general information overview of the CCPs.

CCP Composition – This section provides a more detailed view on the composition of the various CCPs and how they are defined in both the U.S. and Europe.

GHS Classification – This section provides available test data on CCPs in support of the hazard classification. The hazard classifications of individual CCP components that may impact the overall CCP hazard classifications are also included.

SDS Development – This section provides guidance on the development of an SDS for CCPs.

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2. Introduction to GHS/OSHA HCS 2012 With the adoption of HCS 2012, there was a major shift in the determination of the hazards of substances and mixtures. Previously, OSHA had specifically defined the substances determined to be hazardous to workers through a listing in 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z. Under HCS 2012, it is still the responsibility of the chemical manufacturer/importer to assess the hazards of products distributed in the marketplace and communicate those hazards through the use of SDSs. HCS 2012 implements UN GHS Guideline, Revision 3 as the basis for this classification/hazard determination process. HCS 2012 also prescribes specific labeling, pictograms, and SDS format. The GHS Guideline requires an evaluation of physical/chemical, human health, and environmental hazards of products. This can be done by product testing, read-across to data from similar products or using a calculation process provided in the UN GHS Guideline for taking into consideration the individual components of the product. The GHS Classification system has been implemented, or is in the process of being implemented, in over 72 countries throughout the world. One of the earliest regions to adopt the GHS system was the European Union (EU). The EU instituted the system with the Classification Labelling and Packaging Regulation (EC/1272/2008). This regulation—in concert with the EU Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation (REACH) Regulation (EC/1907/2006)—led to the review of available information and the development of new information on the physical/chemical, human health and environmental characteristics of substances and mixtures. The data developed for REACH registration purposes is publicly available from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) and was used to assist in the classification of the CCPs evaluated and summarized in this guidance document. Conversely, Canada is one of the most recent to implement GHS. The promulgation of the Canadian Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System, 2015 (WHMIS, 2015) translates GHS, revision 5. The initial transition phase for SDSs distributed in Canada is currently underway. In this initial phase, all manufacturers and importers of hazardous materials must have a compliant SDS by May 31, 2018.

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3. Coal Combustion Products 3.1 FLY ASH Fly ash is a fine, powdery, inorganic material resulting from the process of combustion of powdered coal that is carried by the flue gases. It may contain a small proportion of carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of the parent fuel. Electrostatic precipitators or fabric filters remove the dust-like particles from the flue gasses of furnaces fueled by pulverized coal with or without co-combustion procedures. The combustion occurs at temperatures between 1300 – 1500 °Celsius (C). Typically about 60-80% of the ash is entrained in the flue gas and is termed fly ash. Fly ash particles are predominantly spherical in shape, and may include a small percentage of thin-walled hollow particles called cenospheres. The predominant elements in fly ash are Silicon, Aluminum, Iron and in some cases Calcium, which vary depending on the composition of its parent coal. Smaller amounts of Sulfur, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Titanium are typically present as well (typically adding to less than 10%). Although the chemical composition of fly ash is typically reported as Oxides (e.g., Silicon as SiO2), most of its chemical constituents are bound in an aluminolisilate glassy phase, while others, to a lesser degree, form crystalline phases such as Quartz and Mullite, among others. The particles typically range in size from 1 to 100 microns in diameter, with median particle diameter of 20 to 25 microns. Fly ash is normally light gray or tan to dark gray in color and without odor. Fly ash has been further defined as: The finely divided residue that results from the combustion of ground or powdered coal that is

transported by flue gasses (ASTM Standard C125-18; ASTM International, 2018).

Discussion: This definition of fly ash does not include, among other things, the residue resulting from: (1) ) fluidized bed combustion; (2) the burning of municipal solid waste or any other refuse with coal; or (3) the burning of industrial or municipal solid waste in incinerators.

A fine powder mainly of spherical glassy particles, derived from the burning of pulverized coal, with or without co-combustion materials, which has pozzolanic properties and consists primarily of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) (Caddas-Vieira F. et al, 2013; EN-450 Standard).

3.2 BOTTOM ASH Bottom ash is agglomerated ash particles, created in a combustion furnace of a coal-fired power station, that are too large/heavy to be carried in the flue gases, and therefore fall through open grates to an ash hopper at the bottom of the furnace. It is a semi-vitrified granular material with a size similar to sand or gravelly sand ranging in color from tan or light gray to dark grey with virtually no odor. Its composition is similar to that of fly ash as both originate from the same parent coal. Because bottom ash is collected at the bottom of the furnace, it cools down at a slower rate than fly ash allowing for a higher degree of crystalline phases to form, and consequently, slightly lower amounts of aluminosilicate glass. Sulfate levels are generally lower than those of fly ash. Bottom ash is generally extracted by a hydraulic process

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from the base of the furnace. Typically about 10 to 20% of the residue from the burning of pulverized coal is recovered as bottom ash. In the United Kingdom, bottom ash is also known as Furnace Bottom Ash (FBA). 3.3 CFB ASH (FLUE AND BED) CCPs are also generated from Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion (CFBC) facilities. In a CFBC boiler, fuel particles are suspended in a hot, bubbling fluidized bed of ash and other particulate materials (sand, limestone, etc.) through which jets of air are blown to provide the oxygen required for combustion. Ash generated from this process is termed CFB Fly Ash or CFB Bed Ash. CFB ash is similar to pulverized coal ash products with the exception that it will generally have higher levels of non-glassy aluminosilicates (mullite), calcium sulfate (anhydrite gypsum) and calcium oxide (due to the use of limestone in the CFB process which reacts with SOx emissions to produce anhydrite gypsum). 3.4 SYNTHETIC GYPSUM Synthetic gypsum, also called flue-gas-desulfurization (FGD) gypsum is produced through a chemical reaction in the scrubbers that remove sulfur from the flue gases of coal-fired power plants. The scrubbers remove sulfur dioxide (SO2) from power plant emissions by passing the flue gases through a slurry of limestone (calcium carbonate: CaCO3). The sulfur dioxide in the flue gases reacts with the calcium carbonate to produce calcium sulfite (CaSO3); calcium sulfite is then converted into gypsum (CaSO4 · 2H2O) by oxidizing it with air. Gypsum has a Chemical Abstract Services Number (CAS #) of 7778-18-9 with a chemical identity under Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1). Approximately half of all gypsum beneficially reused in the United States is FGD gypsum. Due to compositional differences between FGD gypsum and other CCPs such as fly ash and bottom ash, synthetic gypsum is not evaluated in this guidance document. A guidance document specific to the evaluation of synthetic gypsum is also available from the ACAA.

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4. CCP Composition 4.1 COMPOSITION EVALUATION DETERMINATION Two distinct types of processes that generate CCPs were evaluated: (1) pulverized coal combustion and (2) fluidized bed combustion. Regardless of the process, the components of the different ashes are similar while the component percentages may vary. The CCPs included in the scope of this Guidance are: Ashes (residues) as well as the following alternate names for Ash(es); Ashes; Ash; Ash residues;

Ashes, residues, bottom; Bottom ash; Bottom ash residues; Waste solids, ashes are identified by the CAS number 68131-74-8 by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on the TSCA Inventory and by the ECHA with the European Classification (EC) number of 931-322-8;

– The European Union and the TSCA Inventory acknowledge these CCPs as a singular substance of Unknown or Variable Composition/Biological (UVCB).

– The TSCA inventory further defines the ashes as: “A residuum from the burning of a combination of carbonaceous materials. The following elements may be present as oxides: aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, sulfur, titanium, and vanadium.”

Note: These metals and metal oxides are generally present as inclusions in the aluminosilicate matrix.

– The definition applied by the ECHA to EC # 931-322-8 is the same found on the U.S. TSCA Inventory.1

Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) Ash is categorized by the ECHA using the same CAS # (68131-74-8); however, it is assigned a distinct EC number (931-257-5). The name associated with the EC number is Fluidized Bed Combustion Ash (residues of coal combustion in fluidized bed combustion boilers).

Both of these ashes are recognized by U.S. and EU regulatory agencies as UVCB substances with a CAS# of 68131-74-8. It is important to note that due to the variable composition of the ashes, the GHS classification (and subsequent SDS requirements) of each type of ash (i.e., fly ash, bottom ash and fluidized combustion bed ash) as well as ashes formed by the same process but arising from different coal sources may vary. In order to assess the appropriate hazard classification, a compositional analysis of each ash must be performed. For purposes of this project and requirements set forth in HCS 2012, fly ash, bottom ash, CFB fly ash, and CFB bed ash are defined as a singular UVCB substance with a CAS # of 68131-74-8. Compositional variants that may result in different/unique hazard classifications have been explored using data originating from ACAA member companies (SDSs and ASTM Standard C618 test reports), the Electric

1 The TSCA inventory represents substances present in U.S. Commerce. It does not identify nor delineate substances based on hazard. If a substance is not on the TSCA Inventory, it may not be placed into commerce in the U.S. without EPA approval. Hydrates are considered to be listed if their parent compound is listed.

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Power Research Institute (EPRI), the United Kingdom Quality Ash Association, the European Chemicals Agency, as well as CCP compositional data found in peer reviewed published literature. Note: Two additional CAS#s were also identified and considered for applicability prior to the assignment of CAS# 68131-74-8. They are: (1) CAS# 69012-84-6 which appears to have been merged with CAS# 68131-74-8 and (2) CAS# 71243-67-9 which is associated with pozzolans, coal ash on the TSCA Inventory. The TSCA Inventory further defines it as a “pulverulent substance derived from by-product coal ash which reacts with slaked lime in the presence of water to form a cementitious compound. The following elements may be present as oxides: aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, silicon, sodium, sulfur, and titanium.” In addition, potential impurities that may be present in the ash were evaluated for their ability to require disclosure on the SDS and for impacts they may have on the hazard classification of the finished product. These impurities may be trace elements present from the coal itself or pollution control additives. Trace Elements: The trace elements with potential human health and/or environmental

concerns including arsenic, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury, manganese, and nickel may be present in the CCPs.2 Based on an analysis of the elemental composition of coal fly ash and bottom ash using the 90th percentile concentrations, these identified trace elements were found to be present at less than 1000 mg/kg or 0.1% (EPRI, 2010). As such, these trace elements would be below the threshold level for SDS disclosure and will not have an impact on the final CCP hazard classification. These trace elements were not further considered in the determination of individual CCP classifications in this document as they do not meet threshold levels requiring disclosure/consideration in the SDS development. It is important it note however, that if an individual member has data indicating that any of these trace elements may exceed 0.1% in their CCP, SDS disclosure of the component as well as the hazard classification of the component and overall CCP would need to be re-evaluated.

Additives: Based on identified level of common industry additives, most would not meet the reporting threshold for disclosure on the SDS at typical use levels and they would therefore not alter the overall classification of the CCP. Further information on the impact of these additives is addressed in Section 5, Hazard Classification.

Table 1 provides information on the substances and concentrations present in typical CCP compositions at ≥0.01% and evaluated for this SDS Guidance. The substances listed in Table 1 do not represent a single CCP formulation nor should they be used to represent an individual ACAA member CCP composition. The substance list is not meant to be exhaustive, nor does it restrict the levels of these substances in CCPs to the identified levels. If the composition of a CCP varies in either composition or level of an individual component, the CCP hazard classifications assigned in Section 5.4 Table 7 may not apply.

2 OSHA has recently promulgated a rule regarding occupational exposures to beryllium. See section 5.5.3 for additional information related to Beryllium and regulatory obligations related to its presence in the workplace.

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Table 1: Substances identified as present in CCPs

Substance Range Identified in CCP Compositions Reviewed 1

Aluminosilicates 2 ≤ 95% Calcium oxide (CaO) ≤ 41%6

Silicon dioxide (SiO2); Silica, crystalline, cristobalite; Silica, crystalline, quartz3 ≤ 36%

Iron minerals (Fe2O3, Fe3O4)4 1-35% Calcium carbonate ≤ 10% Calcium sulfate5 < 6% 7

Carbon ≤ 6% 8 Magnesium oxide (MgO) ≤ 6 % Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 1 - 5% Potassium oxide (K2O) ≤ 5% Silica, crystalline respirable (RCS) < 4% Bromide Salts (various) (including NaBr) ≤ 2% Chloride salts (various) ≤ 2% Magnesium sulfate ≤ 2% Sodium sulfate ≤ 2% Sodium oxide (Na2O) < 2% Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) ≤ 1% Halide salt (not further specified) < 1% Barium oxide (BaO) < 1% Manganese dioxide (MnO2) < 1.0% Ammonium bisulfate < 0.01% Ammonium sulfate < 0.01%

Notes: 1 If the composition of a CCP varies from the above table in either composition or percentage, the CCP classifications assigned in Section 5.4 Table 7 may not apply. 2 Represents a combination of amorphous silica and aluminum oxide. Aluminosilicates may be in the form of mullite (CAS#1302-93-8); pozzolans, coal ash (CAS#71243-67-9); or aluminosilicates (CAS# 1327-36-2). The form is dependent on the source of the coal and/ or the process used to create the CCP. Pulverized coal combustion would be more likely to create high levels of pozzolans, coal ash (particularly bottom ash) due to the high heat of combustion while the CFB process would be less likely to generate this glassy aluminosilicate. 3 For purposes of this evaluation the various forms of crystalline silica were considered the same substance. 4 Includes iron oxide. 5 For purposes of this exercise, calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate dihydrate and calcium sulfate (gypsum) were considered the same substance. 6 Although the maximum level of calcium oxide in the reviewed CCPs was ≤41%, some CCPs may have calcium oxide levels up to 60%. Calcium oxide levels exceeding 41% are not considered to be applicable to typical CCPs. Additional information related to CCPs with elevated levels of calcium oxide (>41%) are addressed in Section 5.5.1. 7 Although the maximum level of calcium sulfate in any of the ash formulations evaluated was ~6%, the ACAA technical committee indicated that calcium sulfate may be present in a CCP formulation up to a level of 12% due to the use of inorganic calcium compounds that may be used as pollution control additives. 8 Although the ASTM C618 limit for carbon in ash for concrete is 6%, unburned carbon can be found at higher levels in some CCPs with levels as high as 20% in ash from cyclone boilers. The carbon level is often measured by the Loss on ignition (LOI) value. Levels above 6% are not considered to be representative of typical CCP compositions. Additional information related to CCPs with elevated levels of carbon (>6%) are addressed in Section 5.5.2.

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4.2 ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY General information on the composition associated with the various forms of CCPs considered in the development of this SDS Guidance are note in Section 4.1 above. It is important that each CCP be analyzed to determine its specific composition and individual component concentrations to generate a SDS that accurately reflects the hazards associated with that CCP. Appendix F provides a list of analytical techniques and methods that may be employed to assess the composition of the CCP and the potentially hazardous components that may either require disclosure on the SDS and/or affect the final CCP hazard classification(s). The analytical methods presented in Appendix F will identify and quantitate the levels of compounds typically present in a CCP composition as identified in the development of this SDS Guidance Document.3, 4, 5 Other substances deemed significant for evaluation by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) may also be evaluated for using compound-specific methods. Those compounds with associated methods include: mercury (direct mercury analyzer), selenium (hydride generation atomic absorption), chlorine (total chlorine analyzer) and sulfur (LECO SC 632) (Affolter, 2011). 4.3 COMMON PITFALLS IN COMPOSITION DETERMINATION/DISCLOSURE The composition of CCPs can be determined using varying methods such as X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Inductively Coupled Plasma analysis (ICP) or other methodologies as found in Appendix F. The material characteristics and the test method must be considered when interpreting the raw analytical data in order to provide proper context for the results. It is recommended that a chemist or material scientist familiar with the coal combustion process be consulted to evaluate and interpret the analytical data to determine the CCP composition, as the results may be reported in terms of substances that are not actually present in the product. For example, some methods do not distinguish between various sulfur compounds and simply report all detected sulfur as sulfur trioxide, which is a gas not found in solid CCPs. Other examples of potentially misleading reporting conventions are presented in Table 2. These substances should not be directly used to determine the overall CCPs hazard classification, but rather should be evaluated by a chemist or materials scientist familiar with CCP compositions to assess the actual substances that may be present in the CCP.

3 The techniques/methods are not recommended by ACAA or any member companies, but may be used to determine the composition of a CCP. Other methods may be employed to assess individual CCP compositions. 4 The test methods specified result from input from ACAA members and the following ASTM Standards: C618-12a: Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, D4326-13: Standard Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal and Coke Ash by X-ray fluorescence, D311/311M-13: Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete and D114-15: Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement. 5 Other compounds not identified as potentially present in a typical CCP composition during the development of this SDS Guidance may require additional techniques/methods not included in Appendix F.

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Table 2: Examples of substances that are not applicable for listing as a component of a CCP1

Substance Rationale

Sodium This substance is not stable in its elemental form and would likely be present as an oxide.

Phosphorus This substance is not stable in its elemental form and would likely be present as an oxide.

Sulfur trioxide This substance is a gas at standard temperature and pressure.

Chlorine This substance is a gas at standard temperature and pressure.

Carbon dioxide This substance is a gas at standard temperature and pressure.

Ammonia This substance is a gas at standard temperature and pressure. It would likely be present as ammonium sulfate or bisulfate.

Note: 1 This list reflects substances that may be identified in raw CCP analytical data that should not be identified as a component of a CCP composition based on the rationale provided. Other substances, not listed here may be excluded based on similar rationale (e.g., gases would not be present as a component of the ash).

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5. Hazard Classification OSHA HCS 2012 generally aligns with the methodology set forth in the UN GHS, Revision 3 to assign appropriate physical and human health hazard categories to substances and mixtures (HCS, 2012). Hazard classes implemented from the GHS Guideline are: explosives flammable gases/aerosols gases under pressure flammable liquids/solids self-reactive substances/mixtures pyrophoric liquids/solids self-heating substances/mixtures oxidizing liquids/solids/gases organic peroxides metal corrosivity acute oral toxicity

dermal and inhalation toxicity aspiration hazard skin and eye corrosion/irritation respiratory or dermal sensitization mutagenicity carcinogenicity reproductive toxicity specific target organ toxicity-single

exposure specific target organ toxicity-repeated

exposure Within each hazard class, a set of criteria has been established by GHS to classify the substance or mixture into a specific hazard category (HCS, 2012, Appendix A and B). OSHA HCS 2012 also includes additional hazard classes that are not derived from the GHS Guideline. These include combustible dust, pyrophoric gases, and simple asphyxiant classifications. The pyrophoric gases and simple asphyxiant classifications do not apply to CCPs based on their physical form. However, the combustible dust classification cannot be ruled out based on the product form considering that some fly ash might contain high levels of unburned carbon. Signal words, hazard statements, precautionary statements and pictograms are then assigned to the substance or mixture as required by OSHA HCS 2012 based on the assigned hazard categories. To assign a hazard classification per OSHA HCS 2012, data on the actual product (in this case the final CCP) is first considered. If data on the CCP is inadequate to assess the hazard or is unavailable, information on similar materials (defined as read-across) or individual component data are used to assess the hazard classification. Note: Environmental/ecological hazard classifications are not mandatory under OSHA HCS 2012 and are not required for SDS development. This guidance document does not include the review and classification for CCPs with respect to environmental/ecological endpoints. 5.1 DATA SUPPORTING THE CCP HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS Hazard classifications of the CCPs were based on data provided by registrants of “ashes (residue), coal.” This includes fly ash and fluidized bed combustion (FBC) ash under the European Union’s (EU’s) Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation as compiled in dossiers made available through the ECHA Dissemination Portal (ECHA, 2010a; ECHA, 2010b). Where applicable, hazard classifications also consider data for specific components such as respirable crystalline silica, identified skin and eye irritants, and pollution control additives that may be added

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during the coal combustion process. Although the REACH dossiers provide significant data to assess most OSHA recognized physical and chemical hazards, the carcinogenicity and combustible dust classifications required additional scrutiny based on OSHA HCS 2012 requirements.6 Table 3 provides a summary of the human health endpoints evaluated. Table 3: Toxicological Data on CCPsa

GHS Endpoint Fly Ashb No CAS# listed EC# 931-322-8

FBC Fly Ash #1c

CAS# 68131-74-8 EC# 931-257-5

FBC Fly Ash #2d

CAS# 68131-74-8 EC# 931-257-5

Acute Oral Toxicity The acute oral LD50 was determined to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to acute oral toxicity is required.

The acute oral LD50 was determined to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to acute oral toxicity is required.

The acute oral LD50 was determined to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to acute oral toxicity is required.

Acute Dermal Toxicity

The acute dermal LD50 was determined to be greater than 2000 mg/kg. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to acute dermal toxicity is required.

Not available. Not available.

Acute Inhalation Toxicity

An acute inhalation toxicity LC50 was determined to be greater than 1.4 mg/L. Since the exposure to 1.4 mg/L of respirable coal fly ash particles on three consecutive days for 4 hours/day did not result in mortality and the respirable fraction of ashes (residue) typically does not exceed 20% of the total mass, the registrant determined that the LC50 is expected to exceed 5 mg/L. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to acute inhalation toxicity is required.

An acute inhalation toxicity LC50 was determined to be greater than 5.38 mg/L with a Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) for the product of 2.33 microns after 4-hour exposure to rats. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to acute inhalation toxicity is required.

An acute inhalation toxicity LC50 was determined to be greater than 5.38 mg/L with a MMAD for the product of 3.71 microns after 4-hour exposure to rats. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to acute inhalation toxicity is required.

6 Ash residues of the coal combustion process are considered to be a UVCB substance not a mixture of other substances; however, the composition variability may result in different classifications.

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GHS Endpoint Fly Ashb No CAS# listed EC# 931-322-8

FBC Fly Ash #1c

CAS# 68131-74-8 EC# 931-257-5

FBC Fly Ash #2d

CAS# 68131-74-8 EC# 931-257-5

Skin Corrosion / Irritation

Not irritating or corrosive to skin based on in vitro and in vivo assays. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to skin corrosion/irritation is required.

Not irritating or corrosive to skin based on in vitro and in vivo assays. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to skin corrosion/irritation is required.

Not irritating or corrosive to skin based on in vitro and in vivo assays. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to skin corrosion/irritation is required.

Eye Damage / Irritation

Slight, reversible irritation based on in vitro and in vivo assays. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to eye damage/irritation is required.

Positive irritation scores for conjunctivae and chemosis in 2/3 rabbits. Moderate irritation observed in in vitro assay. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, the classification is determined to be Eye Damage/Irritation Category 2A.e

Animals with some scores for chemosis or conjunctivae but none resulting in a positive score; Irritation cleared within 21 days. An in vitro eye irritation assay did note moderate eye irritation. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to eye damage/irritation is required.

Skin Sensitization Not a dermal sensitizer. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to skin sensitization is required.

Not a dermal sensitizer. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to skin sensitization is required.

Not a dermal sensitizer. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to skin sensitization is required.

Germ Cell Mutagenicity

Several in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity assays determined that fly ash was non-mutagenic both with and without metabolic activation. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to mutagenicity is required.

Various in vitro mutagenicity assays determined that the test substance was non-mutagenic both with and without metabolic activation. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to mutagenicity is required.

Various in vitro mutagenicity assays determined that the test substance was non-mutagenic both with and without metabolic activation. Based on the HCS 2012 with respect to mutagenicity is required.

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GHS Endpoint Fly Ashb No CAS# listed EC# 931-322-8

FBC Fly Ash #1c

CAS# 68131-74-8 EC# 931-257-5

FBC Fly Ash #2d

CAS# 68131-74-8 EC# 931-257-5

Carcinogenicity Carcinogenic studies were not conducted with fly ash on the basis of the non-neoplastic effects noted in the oral and inhalation repeated dose studies as well as the negative mutagenicity assays.g

The data submitted in support of the REACH registration does not support classification as a carcinogen. See footnote g to this table.

Carcinogenic studies were not conducted with FBC fly ash on the basis of the non-neoplastic effects noted in the oral repeated dose studies as well as the negative mutagenicity assays. g

The data submitted in support of the REACH registration does not support classification as a carcinogen. See footnote g to this table.

Carcinogenic studies were not conducted with FBC fly ash on the basis of the non-neoplastic effects noted in the oral repeated dose studies as well as the negative mutagenicity assays. g

The data submitted in support of the REACH registration does not support classification as a carcinogen. See footnote g to this table.

Reproductive Toxicity

No statistically significant or dose-response effects in the parental animals or their litters based on a reproduction / developmental toxicity screening test. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to reproductive toxicity is required.

The test substance did not have effect on reproduction in parental males and females and development in pups. The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for reproduction and development was 800 mg/kg body weight/day. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to reproductive toxicity is required.

The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for reproduction effects on parental animals was 50 mg/kg body weight/day. Various histopathological changes in males (testes and sperm motility) and in female reproductive parameters were observed across all dose groups, however, the data was deemed insufficient for classification. The NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) for development was 800 mg/kg body weight/day. Based on the HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to reproductive toxicity is required.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity: Single Exposure (STOT-SE)

The acute toxicity data summarized above did not result in direct organ toxicity after a single exposure.

The acute toxicity data summarized above did not result in direct organ toxicity after single exposures.

The acute toxicity data summarized above did not result in direct organ toxicity after single exposures.

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GHS Endpoint Fly Ashb No CAS# listed EC# 931-322-8

FBC Fly Ash #1c

CAS# 68131-74-8 EC# 931-257-5

FBC Fly Ash #2d

CAS# 68131-74-8 EC# 931-257-5

Specific Target Organ Toxicity: Repeated Exposure (STOT-RE)

A long-term repeat inhalation exposure study (180 days) with fly ash dust conducted using rats did not result in significant adverse effects at the highest dose tested (NOAEC = 4.2 mg/m3) after the 180-day exposure period. Responses in the lungs were considered an adaptive response to inhaled particles and not unique to fly ash. As no effects were observed at the highest dose tested, it is not possible to assess the level at which toxicologically significant effects may occur in the rat. Therefore, a STOT-RE classification based on available test data is not possible based on inconclusive evidence. Based on HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to STOT-RE is required.

A long-term repeat oral exposure study (90 days) with 50, 200, and 800 mg/kg/day FBC fly ash conducted using rats reported a NOAEL for males of 200 mg/kg/day. The value was established on the basis of biochemical and histopathological examination. The target organ is the liver. The NOAEL for females was the highest dose tested, 800 mg/kg/day. Based on HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to STOT-RE is required.

A long term repeated oral exposure (90 days) with 50, 200, and 800 mg/kg/day FBC fly ash conducted using rats reported a NOAEL for males and females of 200 mg/kg/day. The value was established on the basis of biochemical and histopathological examination. The target organ is the liver. Based on HCS 2012 criteria, no classification with respect to STOT-RE is required.

Aspiration Hazard Not classified. Not classified. Not classified.

Simple asphyxiant Not classified. Not classified. Not classified. HCS 2012 Hazard Classification based on data in the ECHA Dissemination Portal

NOT Classified f,g Eye Damage/Irritation Category 2A f,g

NOT Classified f,g

Notes: a Data from Table 3 is sourced from the following: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). REACH Registration Dossier for Ashes (residues), coal. http://apps.echa.europa.eu/registered/data/dossiers/DISS-a000ebe7-e6d4-0933-e044-00144f67d031/DISS-a000ebe7-e6d4-0933-e044-00144f67d031_DISS-a000ebe7-e6d4-0933-e044-00144f67d031.html and ECHA REACH Registration Dossier for FBC Ash (residues of coal combustion in fluidized bed boilers. http://apps.echa.europa.eu/registered/data/dossiers/DISS-97d85c15-4762-3e07-e044-00144f67d031/DISS-97d85c15-4762-3e07-e044-00144f67d031_DISS-97d85c15-4762-3e07-e044-00144f67d031.html. A non-classification is applied when the available data does not result in a classification or if there is insufficient data to apply the classification.

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b Defined on the ECHA Portal as Ashes (residue), coal. The exact composition was not provided but consists of silicon dioxide, aluminosilicates, oxides and other standard fly ash components. c Defined on the ECHA Portal as FBC Ash (residues of coal combustion in fluidized bed boilers (Formulation 1). The composition was (FBC/230309/T2): SiO2 - 27.78%, Fe2O3 – 5.98%, CaO (total) – 35.65%, Na2O – 0.25%, P2O5 – 0.38%, CO2 - 0.5%, CaO (free) – 19.91%, Al2O3 – 11.16%, TiO2 – 2.65%, MgO – 0.44%, K2O – 0.42%, SO3 (sulphate) – 2.84%; Impurities: Metals: As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, Zn - sum < 0.1%. d Defined on the ECHA Portal as FBC Ash (residues of coal combustion in fluidized bed boilers (Formulation 2). The composition was (FBC/230309/T1): SiO2 – 35.59%, Fe2O3 – 7.69%, CaO (total) – 19.46%, Na2O – 0.53%, P2O5 - 0.4%, CO2 – 1.11%, CaO (free) – 8.41%, Al2O3 – 20.88%, TiO2 – 4.93%, MgO – 0.41%, K2O – 0.43%, SO3 (sulphate) – 6.89%; Impurities: Metals: As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, Zn - sum < 0.1%. e Although not classified for this endpoint by the REACH registrants, a review and evaluation of the data provided in the ECHA portal determined that the eye irritation study data would result in a GHS classification of Eye Damage/Irritation Category 2. f Neither the exact composition, nor the level of respirable crystalline silica in the ashes were provided. It was further not possible to determine if the registrants considered that information. g Although the data submitted in support of the REACH registration does not support classification as a carcinogen, HCS 2012 specifies that the presence of a respirable crystalline silica (RCS) (a recognized OSHA carcinogen) at ≥0.1% requires classification of the CCP as a Carcinogen, Category 1A.

Table 4: Physical Hazard Data/Hazard Classification on CCPsa

GHS Endpoint/Classificatione Fly Ashb No CAS# listed EC# 931-322-8

FBC Fly Ash #1c

CAS# 68131-74-8 EC# 931-257-5

FBC Fly Ash #2d

CAS# 68131-74-8 EC# 931-257-5

Explosivity Not Classified Not Classified Not Classified

Flammable Solids Not Classified Not Classified Not Classified

Oxidizing Solids Not Classified Not Classified Not Classified

Self-Reactive Chemicals Not Classified Not Classified Not Classified

Self-Heating Chemicals Not Classified Not Classified Not Classified

Pyrophoric Solids Not Classified Not Classified Not Classified Chemicals Which in Contact with Water, Emit Flammable Gases Not Classified Not Classified Not Classified

Organic Peroxides Not Classified Not Classified Not Classified

Corrosive to Metals Not Classified Not Classified Not Classified

Combustible Dust No data No data No data

Pyrophoric Gases Not Classified Not Classified Not Classified

Notes: a Information in Table 4 can be found in the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). REACH Registration Dossier for Ashes (residues), coal. http://apps.echa.europa.eu/registered/data/dossiers/DISS-a000ebe7-e6d4-0933-e044-00144f67d031/DISS-a000ebe7-e6d4-0933-e044-00144f67d031_DISS-a000ebe7-e6d4-0933-e044-00144f67d031.html and ECHA REACH Registration Dossier for FBC Ash (residues of coal combustion in fluidized bed boilers. http://apps.echa.europa.eu/registered/data/dossiers/DISS-97d85c15-4762-3e07-e044-00144f67d031/DISS-97d85c15-4762-3e07-e044-00144f67d031_DISS-97d85c15-4762-3e07-e044-00144f67d031.html. A non-classification is applied when the available data does not result in a classification; the classification does not apply based on identified properties of the substance or if there is insufficient data to apply the classification. b Exact composition not provided but consists of silicon dioxide, aluminosilicates, oxides and other typical fly ash components. c Composition tested (FBC/230309/T2): SiO2 - 27.78%, Fe2O3 – 5.98%, CaO (total) – 35.65%, Na2O – 0.25%, P2O5 – 0.38%, CO2 - 0.5%, CaO (free) – 19.91%, Al2O3 – 11.16%, TiO2 – 2.65%, MgO – 0.44%, K2O – 0.42%, SO3 (sulphate) – 2.84%; Impurities: Metals: As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, Zn - sum < 0.1%.

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d Composition tested (FBC/230309/T1): SiO2 – 35.59%, Fe2O3 – 7.69%, CaO (total) – 19.46%, Na2O – 0.53%, P2O5 - 0.4%, CO2 – 1.11%, CaO (free) – 8.41%, Al2O3 – 20.88%, TiO2 – 4.93%, MgO – 0.41%, K2O – 0.43%, SO3 (sulphate) – 6.89%; Impurities: Metals: As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, Zn - sum < 0.1%.

5.2 SILICA CCPs may contain both amorphous and crystalline forms of silica. The term “crystalline” refers to the ordered arrangement of silicon and oxygen atoms in the silicon dioxide (SiO2) molecules in a fixed pattern, compared to the disordered and random molecular arrangement defined as amorphous silica. 5.2.1 Amorphous Silica and Aluminosilicates Amorphous silica and the aluminosilicates have not been linked to significant health effects. No specific hazard classifications associated with the chemical nature of these substances is attributable to the CCP. It is recognized however that the presence of these substances in a CCP dust may contribute to transient respiratory irritation classification of CCP assigned herein as a Single Exposure – Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation). 5.2.2 Crystalline Silica The most common forms of crystalline silica are quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite. This section serves to provide information related to: (1) the presence of crystalline silica and respirable crystalline silica (RCS) in CCPs, (2) health effects data, both epidemiological and animal associated with exposure to RCS, (3) recent regulatory rulings as they affect the data interpretation and (4) the implications for the hazard classification of CCPs containing RCS, per OSHA HCS 2012. 5.2.2.1 Presence of Crystalline Silica and RCS in CCPs As the temperature within the boiler during the coal combustion process exceeds the melting point of the inorganic fraction of the coal, the fly ash consists mainly of amorphous aluminosilicates. Rapid cooling of the fly ash as it exits the boiler in the flue-gas stream results in vitrification of the non-carbon material and transformation to glassy aluminosilicates. The aluminosilicates are typically a combination of the amorphous silica and aluminum oxide. CCP particles may contain crystalline silica that was a component of the pre-combustion coal, or has either passed through the combustion process unchanged, partially vitrified, or reformed at high temperatures. The amount of free crystalline silica present is dependent on various factors such as (1) the amount of crystalline silica in the coal; (2) the temperature of combustion, and (3) the pollution control technologies utilized (EPRI, 2006a). This free crystalline silica when present in a respirable form has been recognized as a human health hazard upon inhalation. Although the specific toxicological affects associated with crystalline silica and in particular the respirable portion of crystalline silica continues to be a controversial topic among scientists and regulators, a recent OSHA ruling identifies RCS as a Category 1 carcinogen.

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Analytical data from the ECHA, EPRI and various ACAA member companies indicate that crystalline silica may be present in CCPs at levels of up to 36% (see Sections 5.1, Table 4, and Section 5.2.2.1). This value however, is insufficient to fully assess the hazards associated with the presence of crystalline silica in the product. To evaluate the human health hazards associated with crystalline silica, it is important to consider not only the form, but also the presence of respirable particles that may be present. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) as “that portion of airborne crystalline silica that is capable of entering the gas-exchange regions of the lungs if inhaled; by convention, a particle-size-selective fraction of the total airborne dust; includes particles with aerodynamic diameters less than approximately 10 microns (µm) and has a 50% deposition efficiency for particles with an aerodynamic diameter of approximately 4 µm.” (NIOSH, 2002) Recognizing that accurate determination of the particle size is important in understanding potential health effects that may result from exposure to RCS present in CCPs, EPRI developed and investigated the use of a new computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) methodology as compared to the standard methodology using x-ray diffraction (XRD) to quantitively and qualitatively evaluate RCS size and shape in bulk fly ash samples as well as air/breathing zone samples of workers exposed to fly ash (EPRI, 2006b; 2008). In bulk ash samples, using CCSEM, the amount of RCS ranged from 0.1 to 3.2 volume percent in contrast to the XRD measurements indicating 7.0 to 16.0 weight percent of quartz (EPRI, 2006b). It was concluded that the traditional XRD methodology based on weight percent of total quartz may overestimate the actual concentration of RCS. The CCSEM analysis also compared the number percent particle size distribution (PSD) of the silica particles to a volume-based PSD. Looking strictly at the number percent PSD, most particles fall into the respirable range defined in this study as 4 microns. Number percent PSD gives each particle equal weighting which may not be representative of the contributions of the size and volume of the particles. From the volume PSD, this study observed that most of the volume contained in the silica particles is actually larger than 6 microns in size with only a small fraction (less than 1%) less than 4 microns (EPRI, 2006b). The EPRI study also provided information on the amount of RCS in various airborne dust samples from maintenance activities and ranged from 0.6 to 3.1% as determined by CCSEM (EPRI, 2008). In this study, the CCSEM volume percent RCS levels and XRD weight percent of quartz results were in reasonably good agreement for most airborne samples. In a NIOSH investigation of the potential exposures to crystalline silica as a constituent of the fly ash used in the cement manufacturing process, personal air samples collected from workers found that the levels of respirable dust and quartz (crystalline silica) did not exceed applicable exposure criteria even when the levels of total dust were found to exceed acceptable levels in effect at that time as well as recently updated RCS OELs of 0.05 mg/m3 (NIOSH, 2001). Therefore, even under dusty conditions in the workplace, the use of fly ash by workers in the cement plant did not result in significant exposure to RCS. For purposes of the CCP hazard classification and SDS development, the CCSEM results for RCS will be considered representative of the free respirable crystalline silica rather than using the total crystalline silica/quartz weight percent levels (based on XRD) or assuming that all silicon dioxide in the CCP is respirable. In his 2010 review to provide rationale for the Classification, Labelling and Packaging requirements for RCS according to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008, Morfeld cites a coal mine dust evaluation which concluded that the silicosis risk is expected to occur at quartz dust contents within the

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respirable mixed dust of 10% or higher. Therefore, the hazard classification for CCPs will be based on a level of RCS in the ranges of 0.1 to 10% to bracket the levels reported by EPRI (2008). 5.2.2.2 Health Effects The health effects associated with crystalline silica have been linked to the fraction of free airborne crystalline silica that when inhaled can penetrate the nose and upper respiratory tract and deposit into the deep tissues of the lung. These effects have been studied extensively for over twenty years in both in vitro and in vivo animal models as well as in epidemiological occupational studies on workers exposed to RCS. As a result of the findings from these studies and overall risk assessments by various scientific and technical bodies, the two most common effects associated with exposures to RCS include silicosis and carcinogenicity. Recent reviews sponsored by the Industrial Minerals Association (IMA)-Europe (Morfeld, 2010), EPRI (EPRI, 2006a), the American Chemistry Council (ACC, 2014), and the new OSHA Final Rule for RCS (OSHA, 2016) were used as the primary sources for assessing the health effects of RCS in CCPs. These reviews contained the most up-to-date information and utilize current risk assessment methodologies. It is noted however, that OSHA’s assessment of the toxicological effects of RCS did not result in the same conclusions of the IMA (Morfeld, 2010), the ACC (ACC, 2014) or EPRI (EPRI, 2006a) even though the same (or similar) data was reviewed. 5.2.2.2.1. Silicosis For many years, the prolonged inhalation of fine dust containing RCS has been recognized as a causative agent of silicosis (IMA, 2014a). Silicosis is defined by fibrotic changes (scarring) that affect the ability of the lung to exchange gases (MSHA, 2008). In terms of OSHA HCS 2012, substances or mixtures resulting in silicosis would be classified for Repeat Dose Toxicity – Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Lungs) when the level of RCS exceeds the threshold for this classification of 1%. Silicosis has primarily been observed in workers from industries where significant exposure to RCS occurs over long periods of time, typically over several to many years. Exposures to RCS in the natural environment are much lower than those found in the workplace and have been noted to be insufficient to cause this disease. Silicosis is therefore considered to be an occupational disease. Epidemiological and animal studies have shown clear a positive dose-response relationship between occupational exposure to RCS and silicosis. Inhalation studies with rats show a definite fibrogenic pulmonary response after repeated RCS exposure. Based on a review of epidemiological morbidity studies, the prevalence of silicosis is the most pronounced dose-response effect identified in workers exposed to RCS as compared to other endpoints such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), autoimmune diseases, or lung cancer. Researchers have concluded that no other non-malignant health effect is as specific and so clearly linked to RCS as silicosis (Morfeld, 2010). It is important to note; however, that the United States has shown a decline of more than 90% in the overall silicosis mortality rate from 1968-2010 resulting with death rates decreasing from 1,065 in 1968 to 101 in 2010 (ACC, 2014). CDC has suggested that many of the deaths attributed to RCS in the early years occurred prior to the implementation of the first permissible exposure limits for RCS established by OSHA in the early

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1970s (ACC, 2014).7 This indicates that low levels of RCS do not result in silicosis and the current worker exposure levels are protective (ACC, 2014). Furthermore, silicosis typically appears only among workers exposed to levels of RCS above the original OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for RCS for extended periods of time. ACC provided summaries of data that show crystalline silica exposures in excess of OSHA’s existing PEL are averaging around 30% or more each year. This led Dr. Peter Morfeld to conclude that these significant overexposures are likely, “the driving cause of cases of silicosis, lung cancer, and other silica-related diseases reported in registries, screening programs and epidemiological studies and presumably is the reason why silicosis has not yet been eliminated from American workplace (ACC, 2014).” EPRI cites the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) 2004 report on crystalline silica in which the ACGIH acknowledges that workers protected at the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 0.05 mg/m3” have not shown changes in life expectancy or lung function, although a small percentage may develop radiographic changes consist with pneumoconiosis (i.e., accumulation of dust in the lungs)” (EPRI, 2006a).8 With respect to CCPs, fly ash was tested in long-term inhalation exposures in rats and was found to result in minor adaptive effects in the lungs more generally associated with particulate dusts and tissue damage consistent with a fibrosis such as silicosis, but “the relative dose required to produce these effects was very high, and likely not representative of workplace exposures even under extreme conditions” (EPRI, 2006a). These findings are also in agreement with research performed by Meij, et. al., in which demonstrated that crystalline silica can be present as free individual particles or enclosed within glassy particles. Although it was found that more free than enclosed crystalline silica may exist, the free amount is dominated by larger particles considered to be non-respirable. This led the researchers to conclude that the vast majority (approx. 85%) of the RCS present in fly ash was found enclosed within glassy particles and thus not available to produce the surface-related, negative effects attributed to RCS (Meij, 2000). 5.2.2.2.2. Carcinogenicity The most controversial endpoint related to RCS exposure is the potential cancer risk due to airborne exposures. In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified RCS dust in the form of quartz or cristobalite as a Group 1 Human Carcinogen (carcinogenic to humans). The expert Working Group expressed difficulty in coming to this decision as indicated in this explanatory note preceding the conclusion: "In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group noted that carcinogenicity in humans was not detected in all industrial circumstances studied. Carcinogenicity may be dependent on inherent characteristics of the crystalline silica or on external factors affecting its biological activity or distribution of its polymorphs. Crystalline silica inhaled in the form of quartz or cristobalite from occupational sources is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). Amorphous silica is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3)" (IARC, 1997; EPRI 2006a) Interestingly, the

7 The original OSHA PELs for crystalline silica were established based on the form of the crystalline silica, with the TWA for total quartz of 30 ÷ (%SiO2+2) mg/m3, and a PEL for RCS of 10 ÷ (%SiO2+2) ) mg/m3. 8 A recent OSHA ruling lowered the PEL for crystalline silica to 0.05 mg/m3 (OSHA 2017). ACGIH recently reduced their TLV for RCS to 0.025 mg/m3.

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same working group of experts classified coal dust, which may contain up to 15% crystalline silica, as an IARC Group 3 carcinogen (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans) (IMA, 2014a).9 Following the IARC classification, the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) also classified RCS as known to be a human carcinogen in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens in 2000 citing “sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans indicating a causal relationship between exposure to RCS and increased lung cancer rates in workers exposed to crystalline silica.” (NTP, 2016). The ACGIH listed respirable crystalline silica as a suspected human carcinogen in 2000, lowering the TLV to 50 ug/m3. In 2006, ACGIH lowered the TLV for respirable crystalline silica to 25 ug/m3 (OSHA, 2016). EPRI (2006a) generated a summary of mechanistic studies evaluated after the IARC 1997 classification that observed that crystalline silica is not directly genotoxic. The suggested mode of action for how RCS causes lung cancer has instead been established as an indirect or secondary effect of the silicosis (Morfeld, 2010). Evidence for this mode of action is supported by the negative mutagenicity studies conducted with fly ash and FBC fly ash that may also contain RCS. The epidemiological data further indicates that the carcinogenic effects associated with occupational RCS exposures are limited to the lung with no evidence of significant causality of other cancers. It is also important to note that the only animal species to produce lung tumors in response to RCS was the rat; no carcinogenic effects were seen in mice, hamsters or guinea pigs, which has led some researchers to conclude that the response in the rat is specific to that species (EPRI, 2006a). After the IARC and NTP classifications, several additional studies of lung cancer in RCS workers have been published, with additional reviews of existing animal toxicology and epidemiology data in human workers exposed to RCS conducted by various researchers and organizations. These more recent studies reflect updates from supplementary follow-up, data from nested case-control studies of previously assessed cohorts, or new results based on refined exposure assessments or adjustment for confounders. The conclusions from these more recent studies have called into question the validity of the carcinogenic risk of RCS from occupational exposures (EPRI, 2006a; ACC, 2014). In 2009, IARC established a new Working Group of 27 scientists from eight countries to conduct an additional review of the available scientific literature; this group reaffirmed the original classification of RCS dust as a Group 1 Human Carcinogen (IARC, 2012). This reassessment focused on quantitative exposure data from occupational exposures as well as a summary of findings from eight published meta-analyses reports of lung cancer. A member of this Working Group further analyzed the IARC database as well as some additional studies (Gamble, 2011). Gamble found that the association between RCS and carcinogenicity was consistently weak in the majority of the studies and showed a lack of exposure response trends. He concluded that the “weight of evidence from occupational epidemiology does not support a causal association of lung cancer and silica exposure, which is contrary to the IARC conclusion using essentially the same data”(Gamble, 2014). The ACC provided a review and summary of the epidemiological studies associated with crystalline silica with input from various experts and concluded that “the hypothesis that crystalline silica exposure is 9 Substance which cannot be classified as to its carcinogenicity due to inadequate evidence in humans and animals.

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causally associated with increased risk of lung cancer was – and has remained – controversial and unsettled. Epidemiological studies have been negative as often as they have been positive; exposure response trends have generally been absent even in the studies that appeared to be positive; and the effects of confounding factors such as smoking or other occupational exposures and/or the necessity of a mediating silicotics response cannot be ruled out where increased risks have been found.” (ACC, 2014). Environment Canada and Health Canada concluded the following in a recent assessment of potential health risks associated with exposure to quartz and cristobalite, “At this time, within the epidemiology literature there is debate on whether human workplace exposure to silica which does not cause silicosis can be associated with lung cancer… Thus, the question of whether silica exposure, in the absence of silicotic response, results in lung tumours remains unanswered.” (Environment Canada, 2013). Morfelds’ review identified lifestyle factors (especially smoking) and socioeconomic status as confounding factors in the excessive lung cancer risk and mortality patterns associated with worker exposure studies of RCS (Morfeld, 2010). He also recognized that lung cancer risks were observed only under high occupational exposure conditions. These observations, based on studies published in recent years, led EPRI to conclude that “given the lack of a direct association between crystalline silica and lung cancer among workers exposed to crystalline silica, there should be no concern regarding the potential carcinogenicity of crystalline silica in coal fly ash.” (EPRI, 2006a) 5.2.2.2.3. Relationship between Silicosis and Lung Cancer The relationship between silicosis and lung cancer is complex, as most studies have depended on cohorts of compensated workers with silicosis (silicotics) leading to a positive bias in results and conclusions. Recent literature provides evidence supporting the relationship between silicosis and lung cancer (EPRI, 2006a). In a meta-analysis study of workers exposed to RCS, there was no evidence that non-silicotics suffered from higher lung cancer risks especially after smoking habits were considered (Morfeld, 2010). IMA Europe has concluded that silicosis is the primary effect resulting from significant exposure to RCS and that it is a consequence of inflammation in the lung. Although excess cancer risks are observed in silicotics, the mechanistic role of silicosis in the development of lung cancer is not clear; additional data is necessary for an exact determination. ACC indicates in their review that studies, “supporting an association between silicosis and increased lung cancer risk (while not conclusive) are far more compelling than the mixed and inconclusive results of studies evaluating the association of silica exposure and lung cancer risk in the absence of silicosis or where silicosis status was unknown.” (ACC, 2014) Independently, Morfeld concluded that minimizing the risk of silicosis will also mitigate the lung cancer risk due to RCS (Morfeld, 2010). 5.2.2.3 Recent OSHA Ruling on RCS For purposes of this document, it is imperative to look not only to scientific documentation and technical interpretations of the available data, but to regulatory rule making and the associated requirements. The recent OSHA Final Silica Rule must be considered in the assignment of hazards to CCPs and information provided in the associated SDS and labels per OSHA HCS 2012. OSHA promulgated the Final Rule for Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) (Final Rule) on March 25, 2016 (Federal Register Volume 81, No. 58, Pages 16285-16890). The Final Rule was based on OSHA’s extensive literature review and risk assessment of the health effects associated with

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exposure to RCS that determined that employees exposed to RCS at the previous PEL are at increased risk of developing silicosis and lung cancer. As a result, the Final Rule establishes a new PEL of 50 micrograms of RCS per cubic meter of air (50 ug/m3) as an 8-hour time-weighted average. In addition, the Final Rule includes other provisions to protect employees such as requirements for exposure assessment, methods for controlling exposure, respiratory protection, medical surveillance, hazard communication, and recordkeeping (OSHA, 2016). To support this change, OSHA conducted an extensive search and review of the peer-revised scientific literature on the health effects of inhalation exposure to crystalline silica. OSHA also used suitable exposure-response data from epidemiological studies to estimate quantitative risks for lung cancer and silicosis mortality. A draft document outlining OSHA’s findings on the health effects and the resulting quantitative risk assessment was submitted to a panel of scientific experts for independent peer review and subsequently opened for public comment. OSHA concluded in its Draft Rule for Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica (Draft Rule) that exposure to RCS causes silicosis and is the only known cause of silicosis. For the lung cancer endpoint, OSHA reviewed 60 epidemiological studies covering more than 30 occupational groups and concluded that the data provided evidence that exposure to RCS increases the risk of lung cancer among workers; this is consistent with the IARC Group 1 Human Carcinogen classification (OSHA, 2016). OSHA further concluded that RCS is an independent risk for lung cancer mortality and that silicosis is not a necessary precursor to lung cancer (OSHA, 2016). OSHA received both negative and positive comments and testimony regarding their findings and the proposed draft rule. OSHA indicated that the peer reviewers found that OSHA was reasonable in its interpretation of the studies and the health effects conclusions were generally well founded (OSHA, 2016). OSHA “believes that the external, independent peer-review process supports and lends legitimacy to its risk assessment methods and findings.” Stakeholders such as the American Public Health Association (APHA) and the National Consumers League (NCL) commented, “OSHA has thoroughly reviewed and evaluated the peer-reviewed literature on the health effects associated with exposure to respirable crystalline silica. OSHA’s quantitative risk assessment is sound.” Dr. Mirer, one of OSHA’s expert peer reviewers who served on several National Academy of Sciences committees setting risk assessment guidelines, further concluded that OSHA’s risk analysis is “scientifically correct, and consistent with the latest thinking on risk assessment.” (OSHA, 2016). Other stakeholders such as the American Chemistry Council (ACC) provided extensive comments and criticisms regarding the epidemiological studies used to support the risks and causality associated with RCS, lung cancer, and silicosis. In addition, ACS claimed that the methodology used to determine the risk assessment numbers were invalid as the uncertainty and confounding factors applied to the study results were not accounted for appropriately. The OSHA Final Rule incorporates responses and comments to the Draft Rule, OSHA’s final conclusion on the health effects of RCS and updated PELs. After its review of stakeholder comments, OSHA indicated that it“…did not find them adequate to alter OSHA’s overall conclusions of health risk…OSHA believes that the external, independent peer-review process supports and lends legitimacy to its risk assessment methods and findings.” (OSHA, 2016)

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In the Final Rule OSHA states that, “Multiple organizations with great expertise in this area, including the American Cancer Society, submitted comments supporting the thorough and authoritative nature of IARC’s findings regarding silica’s carcinogenicity (e.g., Document ID 1171; 1878). OSHA places great weight on the IARC and NTP classifications and, based on their findings, concludes that the carcinogenic nature of crystalline silica dust has been well established.” Relative to the updated PELs, OSHA concludes “that long-term exposure at and above the previous PELs would pose a significant risk to workers’ health, and that adoption of the new PEL and other provisions of the final rule will substantially reduce this risk.” (OSHA, 2016) 5.2.2.4 RCS Carcinogenicity Classification: Implications on CCP Hazard Classification The reviews and hazard assessments of the health effects of RCS, as summarized in section 5.2.2.2, indicate that most researchers and regulators agree that RCS may causes systemic target organ toxicity after repeated exposures (STOT-RE) in humans in the form of silicosis and that it should be classified as a STOT-RE Category 1 (Lungs) based on the potential silicotic effects. The identification of RCS as a carcinogen; however, varies from not classified to the most severe classification, Carcinogen Category 1A per OSHA HCS 2012 criteria (Gradient, 2015a). The IMA-Europe position paper, while supporting the STOT-RE classification, concluded that no carcinogenicity classification for RCS is warranted (when silicosis is defined as the endpoint for classification) (IMA, 2014b). However, both IARC and NTP have recently reevaluated the classification of RCS and confirmed that RCS is a human carcinogen. Although levels of RCS in the fly ash and FBC fly ash evaluated in support of European Union REACH registration and summarized in Section 5.1 above were not disclosed, RCS may be present in CCPs. As a result, the toxicology testing performed for REACH registration of CCPs as described in Section 5.1 confirm the IMA Europe conclusions based on the negative mutagenicity studies and minimal effects observed in repeated inhalation studies in animals. The EPRI analysis also suggests that carcinogenic effects are not a concern from exposures to CCPs (EPRI, 2006a). The various assessments of RCS and their associated conclusions summarized in section 5.2.2.2, which considered free RCS are further compounded when the availability of the RCS in a UVCB substance such as a CCP is taken into consideration. For example, as noted in Section 5.2.2.2.2, IARC classified coal dust, which often contains greater than 0.1% RCS, as an IARC Group 3 carcinogen (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans) (IMA, 2014a).10 This is likely due to a lack of bioavailability of the RCS within the coal dust; RCS is generally bound in the amorphous aluminosilicate matrix of coal and associated CCPs. Data generated by an ACAA member company has shown that fly ash derived CCP materials tested using scanning electronic microscope techniques resulted in less than 0.1% crystalline silica even though the total crystalline silica as determined by XRD was greater than 0.1% (Confidential ACAA Member Company, 2017). This suggests that the bioavailability of the RCS may be dependent on the matrix or structure it is embedded in and limits potential for exposures. Regardless of the scientific debate on the appropriate hazard classification of RCS and UVCB substances and mixtures containing RCS, the OSHA Final Rule states that RCS is a Carcinogen Category 1A and Repeat Dose STOT Category 1 (Silicotic lung effects). On the basis of OSHA’s classification, and the lack

10 Substance which cannot be classified as to its carcinogenicity due to inadequate evidence in humans and animals.

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of definitive toxicological data on carcinogenicity of the final CCPs, CCPs that contain RCS at or above 0.1%, must be evaluated to apply the appropriate classification based on the level of RCS present. Therefore, CCPs containing RCS11 in the form of an identified impurity, additive or individual constituent will be classified under HCS 2012 as: Not classified, when the RCS concentrations is below 0.1% in a CCP;

Carcinogen Category 1A, when the RCS concentrations is between 0.1 and 1% in a CCP; or

Carcinogen Category 1A and STOT RE Category 1, when the RCS concentration is greater than or equal to 1% in a CCP.

5.3 CCP COMPOSITION VARIATIONS THAT IMPACT HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS 5.3.1 Irritation/Corrosivity Multiple substances classified either as skin or eye irritants may be present in the CCPs naturally or due to the use of pollution control additives. The presence/level of these substances in the fly ash and FBC ash formulations evaluated for REACH registration purposes was evaluated to determine if these substances: 1) were included in the formulations tested at similar levels; 2) may be present at different concentrations than those tested; or 3) are unique to the information gathered during the course of this project on CCPs. If these individual components were present at higher concentrations or were not noted in the tested products, the potential contribution to the hazards of the formula and the need for additional hazard classifications for the ashes was assessed. The individual components (natural and additive based) classified as either skin or eye irritants or skin corrosive substances are presented in Table 5. The table also specifies the classification of the individual substances with the anticipated maximum levels likely to be present in the CCPs based on a review of CCP formulations tested under REACH, data from ACAA member companies, publicly available sources of CCP composition data and information from industry experts. Table 5: Example Skin/Eye Irritants or Corrosive Substances that MAY be present in the typical CCP1

Substance Source Hazard Classification

Natural Additive

Calcium oxide2 X X Skin Irritation - Category 2 Eye Irritation - Category 1

Phosphorous pentoxide X Skin Corrosivity – Category 1A

Potassium oxide X Skin Irritation - Category 2 Eye Irritation - Category 2

Notes: 1 This table represents irritating or corrosive substances at the maximum level that MAY be present in CCPs based on compositional information submitted by ACAA member companies or identified in technical publications.

11 It has been concluded that “…there is no evidence that the health effects associated with respirable crystalline silica exposures are caused by other dust fractions, by other occurrences of crystalline silica, or by other routes of exposure to crystalline silica” (Morfeld, 2010). Therefore, only the respirable fraction of crystalline silica was considered in development of the GHS classifications of the CCPs and subsequent SDS development.

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2 When the Calcium Oxide levels are determined by XRF analysis, the presence of calcium aluminosilicate, and other calcium species in the form of sulfate, carbonate, chloride, etc. may falsely elevate the level of CaO reported.

As mentioned previously, hazard classification per the OSHA HCS 2012 follows a hierarchy with the classifications based first on actual product testing; in the absence of those data, read-across to data on similar products is used and finally data on individual components of the product. Although data on both a representative fly ash and FBC ash are available for skin and eye irritation, there are distinct differences in the results from the various studies. A review of the formulations indicate that this is likely due to different levels of some of the ash components. A comparison of the compositional and toxicology data between these two materials demonstrates that: The fly ash tested for REACH registration purposes was not irritating or corrosive to skin or eyes;

however, the exact level of calcium oxide in the sample tested was not provided and cannot be confirmed as representative of the ACAA member formulations.

Two FBC fly ash compositions tested under the REACH registration showed variable results.

– The FBC fly ash composition with a total calcium oxide level of 35.65% (free calcium oxide level of 19.91%) was determined to be:

An eye irritant, Category 2A; but

Non-irritating to skin.

– The FBC fly ash composition with a total calcium oxide level of 19.46% (free calcium oxide level of 8.41%) was determined to be:

Non-irritating to skin; and

Non-irritating to eyes. Notes: 1. See Section 5.1, Table 3 for additional information. 2. The level of total calcium oxide reported in analytical data may be falsely elevated based on the presence

of other compounds in the ash such as calcium aluminosilicate, and other calcium species in the form of sulfates, carbonates, or chlorides.

Based on the data reviewed, the level of calcium oxide was determined to be the primary driver for the skin/eye hazard classifications. The following conclusions can be made: CCPs with levels of total calcium oxide at or below 20% or, if determined, free (reactive) calcium

oxide at or below 8%, would NOT be classified for either skin or eye irritation.

CCPs with levels of total calcium oxide above 20% but less than 41% or, if determined, free (reactive) calcium oxide above 8% but less than 20%, would be classified as an Eye Irritant Category 2A, but not as a skin irritant.

Note: If free CaO in the CCP is determined, that level should be used to assess the classification of the CCP as an eye irritant. Where data on the free CaO has not been assessed, total CaO as determined by XRF analysis, should be used to determine the irritation classification of the CCP.

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5.3.2 Acute Toxicants Multiple substances classified as acutely toxic may be present in the CCPs naturally or due to the use of various pollution control additives. The level of the identified acutely toxic substances in a typical CCP was evaluated in consideration of the OSHA HCS 2012 classification criteria and the lack of classification from the testing of a fly ash and two FBC ashes (Section 5.1, Table 3) to determine if the presence of these substances could result in additional hazards associated with the CCP when present. The individual components (natural and additive based) classified as acutely toxic (and the route of exposure: oral, inhalation or dermal) are presented in Table 6. The table provides the hazard classification associated with each substance as well as the maximum level present in the CCPs based on a review of the formulation data from ACAA member companies and various publicly available sources by the industry’s technical experts. Table 6: Acutely Toxic Substances that MAY be present in CCPs1

Substance Source Typical CCP

Level Classification

Natural Additive

Calcium oxide X X <41% Acute Oral Toxicity – Category 4

Magnesium sulfate X <2%

Acute Oral Toxicity – Category 4 Acute Inhalation Toxicity – Category 4 Acute Dermal Toxicity – Category 4

Manganese dioxide X <1% Acute Oral Toxicity – Category 4 Acute Inhalation Toxicity – Category 4

Note: 1 This table is not inclusive of all acutely toxic substances that may be present in all CCPs. It represents acutely toxic substances that MAY be present in a typical CCPs at levels that would require consideration in the hazard classification of the CCP. These substances were determined based on compositional information submitted by ACAA member companies or otherwise identified in technical publications.

Using these data and the calculation methodology detailed in OSHA HCS 2012, the presence of these substances at the levels identified in Table 6 would not result in a classification of any typical CCPs for acute toxicity per OSHA HCS 2012. 5.3.3 Substances Defined as Toxic to Reproduction Bromide salts may be present in the final CCP when sodium or calcium bromide is introduced as a pollution control additive in the coal combustion process. Typical additive levels for these substance is 2% as provided by ACAA member company representatives. A review of reproductive toxicity data on sodium bromide (as a representative inorganic bromide salt) indicates that bromide salts may result in reproductive toxicity as well as developmental effects (HSDB 2015; CA EPA 2001). This data would require that bromide salts when present at ≥0.1% be considered during the CCP hazard classification with the final CCP product classified as Toxic to Reproduction Category 2 per OSHA HCS 2012.

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As inorganic bromide salts were not noted as present in the fly ash or FBC ashes tested for REACH registration (Section 5.1, Table 3), the use of bromide salts as a pollution control additive will result in the overall CCP being classified as Toxic to Reproduction, Category 2, unless analytical data is available showing that the level of the salts is <0.1%. If this test data is available, no classification is required. 5.3.4 Single Exposure – Specific Toxic Organ Toxicity A large part of the identified CCPs compositions consist of substances present in a dust matrix. As the CCP dust itself may result in mechanical irritation of the respiratory tract, the CCPs would be classified as a Specific Toxic Organ Toxicity-Single Exposure (STOT-SE), Category 3 (respiratory irritation). 5.4 FINAL CCP HAZARD CLASSIFICATION When regulatory requirements, the physical and toxicological data of fly ash, CFB fly ash, and available data on individual components are considered, multiple hazard classifications may be applicable to the typical CCP composition based on component levels. The various classifications that are or may be applicable to a CCP based on component compositions are detailed below along with the rationale for applying those classifications. Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT), Single Exposure (SE), Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

Due to the overall level of aluminosilicates, calcium oxide, and the form of the CCP as a dust, it is recommended that all CCPs be classified as a STOT-SE (Respiratory Irritation) based on mechanical irritation.

Carcinogen Category 1A

When the level of RCS is undetermined or when the RCS is present at ≥0.1%, the CCP would be classified as a Carcinogen Category 1A. This classification is primarily based on the recently updated OSHA Silica Rule (OSHA, 2016) which classifies RCS as a Carcinogen Category 1. OSHA HCS 2012 indicates that all OSHA defined carcinogens must be considered in the overall CCP classification when present at ≥0.1%.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity (STOT), Repeat Exposure (RE), Category 1

When the level of RCS is undetermined or when the RCS is present at ≥1%, the CCP would be classified as a STOT-RE Category 1 (lungs). This classification is based on a review of available toxicological and epidemiological data on RCS that support the classification due to silicotic effects.

Eye Irritation, Category 2A

Multiple eye irritants were identified as possible components of a typical CCP formulation. When the presence of these substances was critically evaluated, it was determined that the level of calcium oxide was the primary driver of this hazard. The final eye irritation category that would apply to a CCP is therefore dependent on the level of CaO present. Calcium oxide is classified as a Skin Irritant Category 2 and an Eye Irritation - Category 1.

Using data available from REACH registration of CCPs it was determined that CCPs with levels of total CaO greater than 20% but less than 41% total calcium oxide, or greater than 8% but less than 20% free CaO, would be classified under OSHA 2012 as an Eye Irritant, Category 2A.

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Notes:

1. No skin irritation classification applies to the CCP when the level of CaO is below 41% (total), or 20% (free).

2. CCPs with levels of total CaO at or below 20% (total) or, if determined, free (reactive) CaO ≤8%, would NOT be classified for eye irritation.

Toxic to Reproduction, Category 2

CCPs should be classified as Toxic to Reproduction, Category 2 classification if sodium bromide or other pollution control additives containing inorganic bromide salts are incorporated into the CCP process and

– The level of bromides is ≥0.1%; or

– No data are available on the level of bromides in the final product.

Note: Per OSHA HCS 2012 Appendix A, when a reproductive toxicant is included at a level of greater than or equal to 0.1%, the final product should also be classified as Toxic to Reproduction. Sodium bromide and other related bromide salts are classified as reproductive toxins.

Carcinogenicity, Category 1A

CCPs with an unknown level of RCS or with an RCS level of >0.1% are classified as a Carcinogen, Category 1A.

Note: In OSHA’s Final Rule, RCS has been defined by OSHA as a Carcinogen, Category 1A. HCS 2012 indicates that all OSHA defined carcinogens must be considered in the overall product classification.

Table 7 highlights the hazard classifications that may be applicable to typical CCPs; these classifications were derived based on data provided from ACAA member companies on CCP compositions considering the hazard classifications associated with individual component variations and CCP formulations tested under REACH. The classifications provided are those associated with typical CCP compositions that conform to the specification summarized in Table 1. Table 7: CCP Composition Hazard Classifications 1, 2

CCP Hazard Classifications Compositional Specifications

CCP 1 Composition

STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

Ashes with: Respirable crystalline silica is <0.1%; Loss on Ignition <6%; Total calcium oxide levels ≤20%; or if determined, free

calcium oxide levels ≤8%; and Inorganic bromide salts <0.1%.3

CCP 2 Composition

STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation) Eye Irritant Category 2A

Ashes with: Respirable crystalline silica is <0.1%; Loss on Ignition <6%; Total calcium oxide >20 but <41%; or if determined, free

calcium oxide levels >8% but <20%; and Inorganic bromide salts <0.1%.3

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CCP Hazard Classifications Compositional Specifications

CCP 3 Composition

STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation) Carcinogen Category 1A

Ashes with: Respirable crystalline silica ≥0.1% but <1%: Loss on Ignition <6%; Total calcium oxide levels ≤20%; or if determined, free

calcium oxide levels ≤8%; and Inorganic bromide salts <0.1%.3

CCP 4 Composition

STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation) Carcinogen Category 1A Eye Irritant Category 2A

Ashes with: Respirable crystalline silica ≥0.1% but <1%: Loss on Ignition <6%; Total calcium oxide >20 but <41%; or if determined, free

calcium oxide levels >8% but <20%; and Inorganic bromide salts <0.1%.3

CCP 5 Composition

STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation) STOT-RE Category 1 Carcinogen Category 1A

Ashes with: Respirable crystalline silica is undetermined or ≥1%; Loss on Ignition <6%; Total calcium oxide levels ≤20%; or if determined, free

calcium oxide levels ≤8%; and Inorganic bromide salts <0.1%.3

CCP 6 Composition

STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation) STOT-RE Category 1 Carcinogen Category 1A Eye Irritant Category 2A

Ashes with: Respirable crystalline silica is undetermined or ≥1%; Loss on Ignition <6%; Total calcium oxide >20 but <41%; or if determined, free

calcium oxide levels >8% but <20%; and Inorganic bromide salts <0.1%.3

CCP 7 Composition

STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation) Toxic to Reproduction

Category 2

Ashes with: Respirable crystalline silica is <0.1%; Loss on Ignition <6%; Total calcium oxide levels ≤20%; or if determined, free

calcium oxide levels ≤8%; and Inorganic bromide salts ≥1%.3

CCP 8 Composition

STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation) Eye Irritant Category 2A Toxic to Reproduction

Category 2

Ashes with: Respirable crystalline silica is <0.1%; Loss on Ignition <6%; Total calcium oxide >20 but <41%; or if determined, free

calcium oxide levels >8% but <20%; and Inorganic bromide salts ≥1%.3

CCP 9 Composition

STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation) Carcinogen Category 1A Toxic to Reproduction

Category 2

Ashes with: Respirable crystalline silica ≥0.1% but <1%: Loss on Ignition <6%; Total calcium oxide levels ≤20%; or if determined, free

calcium oxide levels ≤8%; and Inorganic bromide salts ≥1%.3

CCP 10 Composition

STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation) Carcinogen Category 1A Eye Irritant Category 2A Toxic to Reproduction

Category 2

Ashes with: Respirable crystalline silica ≥0.1% but <1%: Loss on Ignition <6%; Total calcium oxide >20 but <41%; or if determined, free

calcium oxide levels >8% but <20%; and Inorganic bromide salts ≥1%.3

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CCP Hazard Classifications Compositional Specifications

CCP 11 Composition

STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation) STOT-RE Category 1 Carcinogen Category 1A Toxic to Reproduction

Category 2

Ashes with: Respirable crystalline silica is undetermined or ≥1%; Loss on Ignition <6%; Total calcium oxide levels ≤20%; or if determined, free

calcium oxide levels ≤8%; and Inorganic bromide salts ≥1%.3

CCP 12 Composition

STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation) STOT-RE Category 1 Carcinogen Category 1A Eye Irritant Category 2A Toxic to Reproduction

Category 2

Ashes with: Respirable crystalline silica is undetermined or ≥1%; Loss on Ignition <6%; Total calcium oxide >20 but <41%; or if determined, free

calcium oxide levels >8% but <20%; and Inorganic bromide salts ≥1%.3

Notes: 1 These classifications only apply to CCP formulations that meet the composition specifications detailed in Appendix C. Should a CCP have additional substances present, or have substance(s) above the maximum percentage identified in Appendix C, an evaluation of those differences should be assessed to confirm that one of the classifications defined would still apply. 2 When the Calcium Oxide levels are determined by XRF analysis on pulverized coal ash, the presence of calcium aluminosilicate and other non-CaO calcium species may falsely elevate the level of CaO reported. If the CaO levels are only determined by XRF analysis, the total CaO level should be used to determine the classification of the CCP as an Eye Irritant, Category 2A. If free CaO is determined, the free CaO level should be used to assess the classification of the CCP as an Eye Irritant, Category 2A. 3 The level of inorganic bromide salts may be determined through analytical testing of the CCP or by confirmation that bromide salts are or are NOT used as pollution control additives in the coal combustion process.

The ACAA recognizes that there may be CCPs with compositional variations outside the ranges specified in Table 1 that would result in additional or different hazard classifications other than those specified in Table 7. Section 5.5 provides information on those variations and potential alternative hazard classifications that may need to be considered prior to generation of a specific CCP SDS. 5.5 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS Although the ACAA recognizes that a CCP could have a composition differing from the typical composition provided in Table 1, this guidance document does not cover the SDS development of all potential CCP formulations. Therefore, compositional variations that do not fall within the typical CCP compositional ranges summarized in Table 1 must be considered prior to generation of the SDS. It is the responsibility of individual companies to assess their individual CCP compositions and requirements associated with the development of SDS. The presence of the additional substances or compositional variations that do not fall within the typical CCP compositional ranges in Table 1 may require modification of the SDS including (but not inclusive of): composition information, hazard classification(s), signal words, pictogram(s), hazard and precautionary statements, permissible exposure limits and other associated information. The atypical CCP compositional configurations included in this section are those that have been identified by various ACAA member companies or specified by OSHA. They are not meant to represent all possible configurations that may lead to SDS modifications.

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5.5.1 Higher levels of Calcium Oxide Typical CCPs have CaO present at levels of ≤41% or, if determined, free (reactive) CaO at ≤20%; some CCPs however, may have calcium oxide in excess of these levels. If the level of calcium oxide in a CCP is greater than 41% or, if determined, the free (reactive) calcium oxide is greater than 20%, the irritation classifications specified in section 5.2 would be superseded with the following classifications: A Category 1 Eye irritant classification hazard would be assigned to the CCP (in place of a

Category 2 eye irritant classification).

A Category 2 Skin Irritant classification would be added. Information associated with these more severe classifications will require adjustments to information in multiple sections of the SDS. 5.5.2 Loss on Ignition Value A large part of the identified CCPs compositions consist of substances present in a dust matrix. Typical CCPs have a residual carbon content of <6%. Based on the potential for elevated levels of residual carbon to be present in the CCPs, the potential for the generation of a combustible dust (as defined by OSHA) was evaluated (OSHA 2013b). A combustible dust classification would most likely apply to CCPs when the carbon content has been inadequately spent, resulting in an Loss on Ignition (LOI) value of >6%. Prior to assigning such a classification however, additional factors may be considered; including product test data, overall product composition and particle size (Amyotte et al 2005; Collette et al 2010). OSHA does not require testing to assign a combustible dust hazard; the classification can be assigned based on available data from deflagration or explosive events, product test data, or published test data on similar materials (OSHA 2013b). No specific testing methodology is specified by OSHA; however, various methodologies are available to assess this property such as ASTM D5373/6316. The applicability of a combustible dust classification is not within the scope of this Guidance as the typical CCP composition defined in Table 1 only includes CCPs with LOIs of ≤6%. CCPs with >6% LOI should be critically reviewed by the individual CCP manufacturer/distributor to assess the need for the combustible dust classification. If deemed appropriate, information associated with classification would need to be added to Section 2 and 3 of the SDS with adjustments to associated information made throughout the SDS. 5.5.3 Beryllium OSHA has recently published a final rule related to beryllium exposures in the workplace. The rule was issued to prevent chronic beryllium disease and lung cancer in workers by limiting inhalation exposure to beryllium and beryllium compounds. According to 29 CFR, section 1910.1024, the standard does not apply to materials containing <0.1% beryllium by weight, where objective data is available showing that exposures will remain below the 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) of 0.2 ug/m3 and the 15-minute short-term exposure limit (STEL) of 2.0 ug/m3 (OSHA 2017a, OSHA 2017b).

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Beryllium concentrations in CCPs are generally lower than 25 ppm (0.0025%) and typically range from 3 – 10 ppm (0.0003-0.001%) (EPRI, 2006c). Consistent with this assessment, recent data from an ACAA member company show beryllium levels in 30 distinct CCPs were less than 6.5 ppm (<0.00065 %) (Confidential ACAA member company data, 2017).

Although the level of beryllium in CCPs has been shown to be consistently two or more orders of magnitude lower that the 0.1% applicable to carcinogens as specified in the rule, no data was available from the document authors regarding occupational exposures to beryllium associated with CCP generation/use. Further, the beryllium particle size distribution within the CCP matrix is not known.

Based on current data, no additional information related to beryllium is recommended for inclusion in CCP SDSs at this time; however, it may be in ACAA member companies best interest to perform occupational exposure testing for beryllium to confirm compliance with the new OSHA Beryllium Rule. Occupational exposure test data below the OSHA PELs would further support the absence of beryllium disclosure on the SDS.

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6. SDS Development Information prescribed by OSHA in the HCS 2012 (29 CFR 1910.1200) and associated OSHA guidance was used to develop and generate a SDS for the CCPs (OSHA 2012a, OSHA 2012b, OSHA 2012c, OSHA 2012d, OSHA 2012e, OSHA 2012f, OSHA undated a, and OSHA undated b). The data included is applicable to the development of SDSs for CCP compositions that conform to the typical CCP composition as summarized in Section 4.1, Table 1. Individual CCP hazard classifications that are associated with variations in that typical composition are summarized in Section 5.4 Table 7. 6.1 GENERAL COMMENTS The American National Standard for Hazardous Workplace Chemicals: Hazard Evaluation and Safety Data Sheet and Precautionary Labeling Preparation Standard (ANSI Z400.1, 2010) is referenced in OSHA HCS 2012. ANSI Z400.1 provides recommendations on SDS format that can be used to meet the requirements of OSHA HCS 2012. Its recommendations are used throughout this guidance document to generate the CCP SDS template. These recommendations provide guidance to improve the readability and comprehensibility of the generated SDS including: Use of a vertical (portrait) format on a standard paper size (8-1/2 x 11 inch).

Use of 10 to 14-point simple fonts, with the use of multiple fonts being avoided.

Avoid long strings of text typed in upper-case letters.

Use only common abbreviations and acronyms. Provide full definitions in the legend in Section 16.

Choose commonly used words, but avoid colloquialisms and slang.

Include ample margins so that copying and binding do not cut off information.

Use left justification of text, consistent line spacing and spaces to separate fields and sections.

Avoid footnotes on the SDS. Pertinent information may be placed in parentheses or as a “note” directly following information requiring clarification.

Use Arabic numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3), where required. It is further noted that the audiences required to acknowledge and understand the information provided in the SDS vary widely and can range from an untrained person requiring general information to highly technical staff. The information conveyed must be sufficiently complete for the technical specialist yet understandable for general use. 6.2 SDS SECTION-BY-SECTION COMMENTS This portion of the Guidance document is partitioned into individual sections required for inclusion in a OSHA HCS 2012 compliant SDS. Under each section (and subsections) the following information is provided: The purpose of the section;

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Required/recommended text; and

The information recommended or required for inclusion is presented as italicized text for ease of viewing.

Example text

The information recommended for inclusion in the SDS, based on the OSHA HCS 2012 hazard classification and other properties of the CCP, as well as OSHA guidance are presented as italicized text for ease of viewing.

Section 1: Identification of the Substance and of the Company/Undertaking Purpose: Section 1 provides the material name/product codes to link the SDS to the label and shipping documents. It also identifies the manufacturer and provides an address and contact information (i.e., phone number). Arrange this section with following subheadings: 1.1 Product identifier

• Recommended/required text

The product identifier should consist of the trade name or the designation of the substance or mixture as found on the product label. Other names or synonyms by which the product is labeled or commonly known as, such as alternative names, numbers, company product codes, or other unique identifiers may also be provided. If one generic SDS is used to cover several variants of a substance or mixture, all names and variants should be listed.

Note: Per OSHA HCS 2012, the identifier used on the SDS should be the same as that on the product label.

• Example text: Product Name: Apex Fly Ash Product Code: C12345 (if available). If no code is used/available indicate “Not applicable” Formula: Substance (Indicate if the product is considered a substance or a mixture; in the case of fly ash, it is considered a substance)

1.2 Relevant identified uses of the substance and uses advised against

• Recommended/required text Specify the relevant uses for the product.

Specify the uses advised against: If no uses are advised against enter: “None known” or “Any other uses other than those recommended”.

• Example text: Relevant/identified uses: Component of wallboard, concrete, roofing material, bricks, cement kiln feed. Uses advised against: None known.

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1.3 Details of the supplier of the product/safety data sheet

• Recommended/required text Specify the company name, address, and business phone number based on the site of manufacture.

Provide an e-mail address for a competent person responsible for the safety data sheet. (i.e., EHS manager)

• Example text: Manufacturer/Supplier: Apex Ash Street Address: 123 Main Street City, State and Zip Code: Any town, MI 48210 Telephone number for responsible person: 555-555-5555 (Optional: Email address of Responsible Person: john.doe@Apex.com)

1.4 Emergency telephone number

• Recommended/required text Include an emergency telephone number and name of outside company providing the service if applicable. Indicate restrictions, such as hours of operation (e.g., Monday – Friday, 8:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time zone or 24 hours). The emergency number for each national jurisdiction in which the product is sold or the use of an international service number should be included. Be aware that domestic toll-free numbers may not operate from an outside country.

• Example text: Emergency Phone Number: 1-555-555-5555 (SDS emergency response support) Hours Available: 24 hours a day, 7 days per week Note: The emergency phone number and availability indicated here should not be copied directly into the SDS. This information should be based on individual company practice and contractual relationships.

Section 2: Hazards Identification Purpose: Section 2 describes the hazard(s) associated with the product and the appropriate warning information (pictogram, signal word and hazard and precautionary statements). The data on the inherent hazards of the product are specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A and B. Arrange this section with following subheadings: 2.1 Classification of the substance (or mixture) Purpose: Section 2.1 lists the product classification per 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A and B.

• Recommended/required text/information Include the appropriate hazard class & category for each health and physical hazard using available data on the finished product or its components, following specifications of Appendices A & B of OSHA HCS 2012.

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• Example text:

Hazard Classification(s) for this product according to OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) include: - STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

Note: This hazard classification is associated with CCP 1. Insert the classification applicable to the typical CCP being evaluated as provided in Section 5.4, Table 7.

2.2 Label elements

• Recommended/required text The appropriate hazard pictograms, signal word, hazard statements, and precautionary statements should be provided as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200(f) and defined in 29 CFR 1910.1200, Appendix C.

• Example text:

Include information appropriate to the CCP being evaluated, based on its composition. The information to be provided for CCP 1 is presented here. Appendix D to this Guidance Document provides the hazard pictograms, signal word, hazard statements, and precautionary statements associated with the typical CCP compositions listed in Section 5.4, Table 7. The information within the applicable table should be transposed into the SDS. The footnote to the table provided herein is also recommended for inclusion in the SDS to detail the nature of the CCP.

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal word: Warning

Hazard Statement(s): May cause respiratory irritation.

Precautionary Statement(s)

Avoid breathing dust. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

* Fly ash and other coal combustion products (CCPs) are UVCB substances (substance of unknown or variable composition or biological. Various CCPs, noted as Ashes; Ash; Ash residues; Ashes, residues, bottom; Bottom ash; Bottom ash residues; Waste solids, ashes under TSCA are defined by the US EPA as: “The residuum from the burning of a combination of carbonaceous materials. The following elements may be present as oxides: aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, sulfur, titanium, and vanadium.” Ashes including fly ash and fluidized bed combustion ash are identified by CAS number 68131-74-8. The exact composition of the ash is

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dependent on the fuel source and flue additives composed of a large number of constituents. The classification of the final substance is dependent on the presence of specific identified oxides as well as other trace elements.

2.3 Other hazards

• Recommended/required text

Specify the presence of OSHA, IARC, NTP or ACGIH Carcinogens that may be present in the product. The information noted here below is recommended for inclusion if the level of respirable crystalline silica (RCS) in the final CCP is at or above 0.1% or has not been determined. Or If the level of RCS is below 0.1%. Enter “None known.”

• Example text:

Listed Carcinogens: - Respirable Crystalline Silica

IARC: yes NTP: yes OSHA: yes Other (ACGIH): yes Section 3: Composition/information on Ingredients Purpose: Section 3 identifies the components of the final product. UVCB substances, such as fly ash, may be listed as a single component; however, if a cited hazard is attributed to one or more components of the UVCB (i.e. crystalline silica), then it is advisable to indicate its presence. 3.1 Substances

• Recommended/required text Disclosure of OSHA hazardous substance above reportable thresholds is required (≥0.1% for carcinogens, mutagens and reproductive toxicants and ≥1% for other hazardous materials). Disclosure of hazardous substance below the threshold is also required if that substance/concentration results in the classification of the final product. Disclosure of substances defined as non-hazardous per GHS criteria may be disclosed; however, this is not required per HCS 2012 (e.g., iron oxide)

Substance Disclosure Requirements/Recommendations:

a) Chemical name/identity b) Percentage in final product (range is appropriate) c) Chemical Abstract Services Number (or other Number of Identity, i.e., PMN number) d) Impurities (above disclosure thresholds), especially if these impurities result in the classification of

the final product. The substances that may require disclosure, with their associated disclosure threshold are noted in Table A.

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TABLE A: CCP components that may require disclosure Substance CAS No. Disclose at Hazard Classification

Crystalline Silica 14808-60-7 See note 1 Repeat Dose STOT, Category 1 Silica, crystalline respirable (RCS) 14808-60-7 ≥0.1% 2 Repeat Dose STOT, Category 1

Carcinogen. Category 1A Aluminosilicates Various 3 Yes Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Single Exposure

Calcium oxide (CaO) 1305-78-8 ≥1%

Skin Irritant, Category 2 Eye irritant, Category 1 Specific Target Organ Toxicity, Single Exposure-Category 3

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) 1313-13-9 ≥1% Skin Irritant, Category 2

Eye irritant, Category 2B Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) 1314-56-3 ≥1% Skin Irritant, Category 2

Eye irritant, Category 2B

Potassium oxide (K2O) 12136-45-7 ≥1% Skin Irritant, Category 2 Eye irritant, Category 2B

Magnesium sulfate 7487-88-9 ≥1% Skin Irritant, Category 2 Eye irritant, Category 2B

Bromide salts Insert associated CAS No. ≥0.1% Toxic to Reproduction, Category 2

1 Report the level of crystalline silica present if the level of Respirable Crystalline Silica has not been determined. 2 Report the level of RCS if known. If the RCS level has not been determined, footnote the crystalline silica value to indicate that the respirable portion of the substance in the CCP has not been determined. 3 Aluminosilicates may be in the form of mullite (CAS#1302-93-8); pozzolans, coal ash (CAS#71243-67-9); or aluminosilicates (CAS# 1327-36-2). The form is dependent on the source of the coal and or the process used to create the CCP. Pulverized coal combustion would be more likely to create high levels of pozzolans, coal ash (particularly bottom ash) due to the high heat of combustion while the CFB process would be less likely to generate this glassy aluminosilicate.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

Populate this section of the SDS with the components identified as hazardous (per OSHA HCS 2012) as listed in Table A above that are present in the product at or above the identified disclosure limits. Information on components of CCPs that are above the HCS 2012 threshold for disclosure or results in a CCP classification should be disclosed. Disclose either the exact percentage of the substances to be disclosed or provide a range. The recommended composition ranges are: – Less than 1 percent; – 1 to 5 percent; – 3 to 7 percent; – 5 to 10 percent; – 7 to 13 percent; – 10 to 30 percent; – 15 to 40 percent; – 30 to 60 percent; – 40 to 70 percent; and – 60 to 100 percent.

3.2 Mixtures

CCPs are considered UVCB substances; as such this section is not applicable to CCPs and should not be included in the SDS.

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Section 4: First Aid Measures Purpose: Section 4 is intended to provide appropriate emergency and first aid information. Instructions for each applicable route, in plain language, should be provided when the results of exposure require immediate treatment (first aid) and when simple measures may be taken before professional medical assistance is available. First aid procedures should be brief and easily understood. Arrange this Section with the following subheadings: 4.1 Description of first aid measures

• Recommended/required text

Provide instructions based on route of exposure. Use subheadings to indicate the procedure for each route (e.g., inhalation, skin, eye and ingestion). Instructions may reflect precautionary statements found in Section 2 or may reflect actions required based on non-classifiable effects (i.e., a product that has irritant effects but those effects do not result in an irritant classification, or a substance where nuisance dust may be generated).

• Include simple remedial measures (i.e., wash affected area, remove clothing, remove the exposed

individual from the area) if the action will lessen exposure.

• Indicate whether immediate medical attention is required and if delayed effects can be expected after exposure.

• When no specific information is available, the following types of information should be provided, based on sound professional judgment:

- remove exposed individual from area (to fresh air);

- removal of material from individual;

- advice on removal and handling of contaminated clothing and shoes;

- advice on obtaining medical assistance.

If no adverse health effects are identified, indicate that first aid measures are not necessary. A statement regarding normal hygiene practices can still be included.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 Inhalation If product is inhaled and irritation of the nose or coughing occurs, remove person to fresh air. Get medical advice/attention if respiratory symptoms persist. Skin contact If skin exposure occurs, wash with soap and water. Eye Contact If product gets into the eye, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Seek medical attention/advice if irritation occurs or persists.

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Ingestion No specific first aid measures are required.

4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed

• Recommended/required text Provide information on the symptoms/effects that may occur based on the type of exposure (acute or chronic). Include acute and chronic effects subheadings to indicate both types of exposure.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

For CCP compositions 1 and 2 Acute effects: Direct exposure may cause respiratory irritation, eye irritation and skin irritation. The product dust can dry and irritate the skin and cause dermatitis and can irritate eyes and skin through mechanical abrasion. Chronic effects: None known. For CCP compositions 3 through 6 Acute effects: Direct exposure may cause respiratory irritation, eye irritation and skin irritation. The product dust can dry and irritate the skin and cause dermatitis and can irritate eyes and skin through mechanical abrasion.

Chronic effects: Chronic exposure may cause lung damage from repeated exposure. Prolonged inhalation of respirable crystalline silica above certain concentrations may cause lung diseases, including silicosis and lung cancer. For CCP compositions 7 and 8 Acute Effects: Direct exposure may cause respiratory irritation, eye irritation and skin irritation. The product dust can dry and irritate the skin and cause dermatitis and can irritate eyes and skin through mechanical abrasion. Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure to dusts containing inorganic bromide salts may affect fertility and/or result in effects to the unborn child. For CCP compositions 9 through 12 Acute Effects: Direct exposure may cause respiratory irritation, eye irritation and skin irritation. The product dust can dry and irritate the skin and cause dermatitis and can irritate eyes and skin through mechanical abrasion. Chronic Effects: Chronic exposure may cause lung damage from repeated exposure. Prolonged inhalation of respirable crystalline silica above certain concentrations may cause lung diseases, including silicosis and lung cancer. Repeated exposure to dusts containing inorganic bromide salts may affect fertility and/or result in effects to the unborn child.

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4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed

• Recommended/required text Provide additional information on specific conditions requiring treatment and/or diagnostic procedures outside of customary first aid treatment for use by healthcare professionals.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

Seek first aid or call a doctor or Poison Control Center if contact with eyes occurs and irritation remains after rinsing. Get medical advice if inhalation of occurs and respiratory symptoms persist.

Section 5: Firefighting Measures Purpose: Section 5 provides information describing specific hazards arising from the fire and explosive properties of the material, the appropriate extinguishing media for the fire and special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighting. Arrange this section with following subheadings: 5.1 Extinguishing media

• Recommended/required text Indicate the appropriate extinguishing media to be used in the event of a fire. Extinguishing media that should be avoided (unsuitable) should also be provided.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

Suitable extinguishing media: Product is not flammable. Use extinguishing media appropriate for surrounding fire. Unsuitable extinguishing media: Not applicable, the product is not flammable.

5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance

• Recommended/required text Provide information as it relates to additional physical, chemical or thermal hazards that may occur while fighting a fire containing the product that may result in a health hazard.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 Hazardous Combustion Products: None known.

5.3 Advice for firefighters

• Recommended/required text Provide instructions for firefighters to allow them to protect themselves while controlling and containing a fire.

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• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 Special protective equipment and precautions for firefighters: As with any fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus (NIOSH approved, or equivalent) and full protective gear.

Section 6: Accidental Release Measures Purpose: Section 6 contains information for responding to spills, leaks or releases to prevent or minimize adverse effects on persons, property and the environment. Methods for handling spills or leaks, in the absence of fire, should be included. Arrange this section with following subheadings: 6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures

• Recommended/required text Provide information on appropriate protective clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) as well as precautions relating to spills and releases of the material. Emergency procedures including information such as warnings to stay upwind, securing the area and evacuation procedures should be included where applicable.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 See Section 8.3 Individual Protective Measures. For concentrations exceeding Occupational Exposure Levels (OELs), use a half or full face mask with HEPA filter is recommended . Use scooping, water spraying/flushing/misting or ventilated vacuum cleaning systems to clean up spills. Do not use pressurized air.

6.2 Environmental precautions

• Recommended/required text

Provide information on methods and materials used for containment of spills or leaks. Include techniques and equipment to contain (e.g., diking or capping) or prevent further spread of spilled material or leaking containers. Where appropriate, distinguish between responses for large and small spills.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

Prevent contamination of drains or waterways and dispose according to local and national regulations.

6.3 Methods and material for containment and cleaning up

• Recommended/required text Provide information on appropriate techniques (e.g., absorption, scooping, vacuuming) and equipment to clean-up spilled or leaked material and decontaminate the site. Where appropriate, distinguish between responses for large and small quantities of material. Also provide information on personal protection equipment including respiratory protection and protective clothing necessary to avoid injury or death.

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• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 Do not use brooms or compressed air to clean surfaces. Use dust collection vacuum and extraction systems. Avoid creating airborne dust during clean-up. Large spills of dry product should be removed by a vacuum system. Dampened material should be removed by mechanical means and recycled or disposed of according to local and national regulations. See Sections 8 for additional information on exposure controls.

Section 7: Handling and Storage Purpose: Section 7 provides guidance on safe handling and conditions for safe storage. Arrange this section with following subheadings: 7.1 Precautions for safe handling

• Recommended/required text Include general warnings on what practices to avoid or perform. List handling practices that minimize: contact between the worker and the material, fire risks from flammable and combustible materials (including combustible dust and static accumulating liquids), and dangerous reactions with incompatible materials.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 Practice good housekeeping. Avoid creating airborne dust. Use adequate exhaust ventilation, dust collection and/or water mist to maintain airborne dust concentrations below permissible exposure limits (note: respirable crystalline silica dust may be in the air without a visible dust cloud). Do not permit dust to collect on walls, floors, sills, ledges, machinery, or equipment. Maintain and test ventilation and dust collection equipment. In cases of insufficient ventilation, wear a NIOSH approved respirator for silica dust when handling or disposing dust from this product. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Wash or vacuum clothing that has become dusty. Avoid eating, smoking, or drinking while handling the material.

7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities

• Recommended/required text Provide information on conditions necessary to maintain the integrity of the product as it applies to the safe storage and the quality/functionality of the product.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 Minimize dust produced during loading and unloading.

Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection Purpose: Section 8 provides information on the applicable exposure limits, engineering controls, and personal protective measures that can be used to minimize worker exposure.

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Arrange this section with following subheadings: 8.1 Exposure controls

• Recommended/required text

Provide available Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) for the product and/or its components in the jurisdictions where the product is manufactured and or marketed. OELs for hazardous components, above applicable thresholds for disclosure in Sections 3 should be listed. As the product is a particulate, include the OEL for Particulates Not Otherwise Regulated. The applicable OELs to be considered for marketing a product in the US are: OSHA Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs), the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs). Also, if the product is manufactured or marketed in California, CA-OSHA PELs should also be included.

Table B: Available Occupational Exposure Limits for Identified CCP Components

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS

SUBSTANCE OSHA PEL TWA (mg/m3)

NIOSH REL TWA (mg/m3)

ACGIH TLV TWA (mg/m3)

CA - OSHA PEL (mg/m3)

Calcium oxide 5 2 2 2

Particulates Not Otherwise Regulated

Total 15 15 - 10

Respirable 5 5 - 5

Respirable Crystalline

Silica Total 0.05 0.05 0.025 0.05

Manganese dioxide (as manganese compounds)

Total 5 (Ceiling) 1

(STEL – 3) 0.1 0.2

Respirable - - 0.02 -

• Example Text

Insert information from Table B for Particulates not otherwise regulated and all hazardous components disclosed in Section 3 of the SDS. Delete other substances.

8.2 Exposure controls

• Recommended/required text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

Present the information on the different exposure controls in the appropriate subsection (i.e., Engineering controls and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)) as noted in subsections 8.2.1 and 8.2.2 applicable text.

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8.2.1 Engineering controls

• Recommended/required text Provide information on applicable engineering controls (e.g., use local exhaust ventilation, or use only in an enclosed system).

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 Provide ventilation to maintain the ambient workplace atmosphere below occupational exposure limit(s). Use general and local exhaust ventilation and dust collection systems as necessary to minimize exposure.

8.2.2 Personal Protective Equipment

• Recommended/required text Provide PPE recommendations based on route of exposure. Include any special requirements (e.g., type of glove material).

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 Respiratory Protection: Wear a NIOSH approved particulate respirator if exposure to airborne particulates is unavoidable and where occupational exposure limits may be exceeded. If airborne exposures are anticipated to exceed applicable PELs or TLVs, a half or full face mask with HEPA filter is recommended. Eye and Face Protection: If eye contact is possible, wear protective glasses with side shields. Avoid contact lenses. Hand and Skin Protection: Wear gloves and protective clothing. Wash hands with soap and water after contact with material.

Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties Purpose: Section 9 provides information on the physical and chemical properties of the material for characterization. Arrange this section with following subheadings: 9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical properties

• Recommended/required text

List the following required physical/chemical properties. If information on an individual property is not available, the property should still be listed on the SDS with a notation indicating that the information has not been determined or is not applicable. - Appearance (physical state, color, etc.) - Odor; - Odor threshold; - pH; - Melting point/freezing point; - Initial boiling point and boiling range;

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- Flash point; - Evaporation rate; - Flammability; - Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits; - Vapor pressure; - Vapor density; - Relative density; - Solubility(ies); - Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water; - Auto-ignition temperature; - Decomposition temperature; and - Viscosity

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 Table C below is based on a consensus of the SDSs submitted and other publicly available data reviewed for the development of this Guidance Document. Data that was identified as applicable and reliable were included. Where the data was deemed highly variable between individual CCPs, individual ACAA companies will need to provide data specific to their CCP for fields noted as “to be populated”. Upon completion, insert the Table directly into Section 9.1. Footnote 1 to the Table may be deleted if aqueous ammonia or urea are NOT used in the coal combustion process. Table C: Physical Properties

Property: Value Property: Value

Appearance: Fine Gray Particulate Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): Not applicable

Odor: Odorless 1 Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): Not applicable

Odor Threshold: Not applicable Vapor Pressure (Pa): Not applicable

pH (25 °C) (in water): to be populated Vapor Density: Not applicable

Melting/freezing Point (°C): Not applicable Relative Density/Specific Gravity: to be populated

Initial Boiling Point (°C): Not applicable Water Solubility: Slight

Boiling Range (°C): Not applicable Partition Coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not determined

Flash Point (°C): Not determined Autoignition Temperature (°C): Not applicable

Evaporation Rate: Not applicable Decomposition Temperature (°C): Not available

Flammability: Not combustible Viscosity: Not applicable

1 The use of urea or aqueous ammonia injected into the flue gas to reduce NOx emissions may result in the presence of ammonium sulfate or ammonium bisulfate in the ash at less than 0.1%. When ash containing these substances becomes wet under high pH (>9), free ammonia gas may be released resulting in objectionable/nuisance ammonia odor and potential exposure to ammonia gas especially in confined spaces.

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9.2 Other information

• Recommended/required text While not required, additional properties may be reported if they would assist in the determination of proper handling. Examples of properties that may be applicable to CCPs would be particle size and particle size distribution.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 Particle size: MMAD = 20 µm

Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Purpose: Provide the physical hazards associated with the stability of the product in the applicable subsections, as well as related conditions and consequences associated with hazardous chemical reactions. Arrange this section with following subheadings: 10.1 Reactivity

• Recommended/required text Describe any reactivity hazard, provide specific data where available.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

The material is an inert, inorganic material primarily composed of elemental oxides.

10.2 Chemical stability

• Recommended/required text Indicate the chemical stability of the product under normal ambient temperature and conditions.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

The material is stable under normal use conditions.

10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions

• Recommended/required text Indicate possible hazardous reactions, including a statement whether the product will react or polymerize. Polymerization has been shown to release excess pressure or heat, or create other hazardous conditions. Describe conditions under which hazardous reactions may occur.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7, that do not incorporate ammonia or urea as a pollution control additive

The material is a relatively stable, inert material; polymerization will not occur.

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• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7, that incorporate ammonia or urea as a pollution control additive

The material is a relatively stable, inert material; however, when ash containing ammonia becomes wet under high pH (>9), free ammonia gas may be released resulting in an objectionable/nuisance ammonia odor and potential exposure to ammonia gas especially in confined spaces. Polymerization will not occur.

10.4 Conditions to avoid

• Recommended/required text

List conditions to avoid (e.g., heat, wind, shock) that can result in a hazardous situation (e.g., explosion, release of toxic or flammable materials).

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 Product can become airborne in moderate winds. Dry material should be stored in silos. Materials stored outdoors should be covered or maintained in a damp condition.

10.5 Incompatible materials

• Recommended/required text Indicate the possibility of hazardous reactions. List the classes of incompatible materials (e.g., oxidizers, acids) that could react with the product to produce a hazardous situation.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7, that do not incorporate ammonia or urea

as a pollution control additive None Known. Or

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7, that incorporate ammonia or urea as a pollution control additive

Due to the presence of ammonium sulfate or ammonium bisulfate in the ash at less than 0.1%, when the ash becomes wet under high pH (>9), free ammonia gas may be released resulting in an objectionable / nuisance ammonia odor and potential exposure to ammonia gas especially in confined spaces.

10.6 Hazardous decomposition products

• Recommended/required text List anticipated hazardous decomposition products that may be produced during use, storage, or heating. Note: Hazardous combustion products should also be included in Section 5: Fire-Fighting Measures

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 None known.

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Section 11: Toxicological Information Purpose: Section 11 identifies toxicological and health effects information on the substance, mixture, and/or its components, or indicates that such data are not available. Where no data is available on the product, information on components may be provided. Arrange Section 11 data according to the defined GHS Human Health Endpoints. 11.1 Information on toxicological effects

• Recommended/required text For each individual endpoint, provide scientific data that supports a classification of the product; where data is available on the finished product that data should be summarized and provided. If data is available on a similar product or components of the product, that information MAY also be provided. Declare whether the product or any of its components are listed as a carcinogen by the National Toxicology Program (NTP), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), by OSHA or other scientific/regulatory entities, when those components are present at levels ≥0.1%.

• Example Text

Data to be provided for CCP 1 (STOT-SE Category 3) are presented here. Appendix E provides the toxicological data associated with each typical CCP. Transpose the information from the appropriate table (based on the composition) into the SDS.

Endpoint Data Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria,

but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight, reversible eye irritation.

Respiratory/skin sensitization Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer. Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in vitro and in vivo assays

with or without metabolic activation. Carcinogenicity Not available. Reproductive toxicity Does not meet classification criteria.

No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

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Endpoint Data Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure Does not meet classification criteria. In a

180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested (NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3).

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form. Section 12 Ecological Information The identification and inclusion of data into this section is non-mandatory per 29 CFR 1910.1200 and any information provided in this section is not evaluated by OSHA. Purpose: Section 12, if populated, should contain ecotoxicological and environmental fate information to assist in the evaluation of the environmental impact of the product if released. Data on the environmental hazards or environmental interactions of the product or its components may be provided, but it is not required.

• Recommended/required text Indicate: No data available or if desired, provide available information as noted in each subsection.

If provided, arrange available data into the following subsections:

12.1 Toxicity

• Recommended/required text If desired, provide available ecotoxicity data on fish invertebrates and or algae/plants for the ash or its components.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

Indicate: No data available or if desired, insert data similar to that detailed below.

Fly Ash CAS# 68131-74-8

Toxicity to fish LC50 >100 mg/L

Toxicity to invertebrates Data indicates that the test substance is not toxic to Daphnia magna (EC50 undetermined)

Toxicity to algae and plants EC50 = 10 mg/L

Calcium oxide CAS# 1305-78-8

Toxicity to fish LC50 = 50.6 mg/L The findings were closely related to the pH of the test solutions; therefore, pH is considered to be the main reason for the effects.

Toxicity to invertebrates EC50 = 49.1 mg/L The findings were closely related to the pH of the test solutions; therefore, pH is considered to be the main reason for the effects.

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Toxicity to algae and plants

NOEC =48 mg/L @ 72 hours based on Ca(OH)2 The initial pH of the test medium was not directly related to the biologically relevant effects. The formation of precipitates is likely the result of the reaction between CO2 dissolved in the medium.

12.2 Persistence and degradability

• Recommended/required text This property is not applicable to CCPs as they are inorganic materials.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

Not relevant for inorganic materials.

12.3 Bioaccumulative potential

• Recommended/required text Indicate: No data is available or if desired, provide information related to the bioaccumulation potential of the material, making reference to the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) and the bioconcentration factor (BCF).

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

No data available.

12.4 Mobility in soil

• Recommended/required text Indicate: No data is available or if desired, provide information regarding the potential for the product to move from the soil to the groundwater, based on data from adsorption studies or leaching studies.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

No data available.

12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment

• Recommended/required text Indicate: No data is available or if desired, provide information available.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

No data available.

12.6 Other adverse effects

• Recommended/required text

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Indicate: None known or if desired, provide information available.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

None known.

Section 13: Disposal Considerations The identification and inclusion of data into this section is non-mandatory per 29 CFR 1910.1200 and any information provided in this section is not evaluated by OSHA. Purpose: Section 13 is not mandatory, however guidance on proper disposal practices, and recycling or reclamation may be provided.

• Recommended/required text

Provide information on proper disposal, recycling or reclamation may be provided. As applicable, refer to Section 8 (Exposure Controls/Personal Protection) of the SDS for methods to minimize exposures.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

Dispose of in accordance with local and national regulations. Local regulations may be more stringent than regional or national requirements.

Section 14: Transport Information The identification and inclusion of data into this section is non-mandatory per 29 CFR 1910.1200 and any information provided in this section is not evaluated by OSHA. Purpose: Section 14 is not mandatory for OSHA; however, it is recommended to include information related to US transportation (e.g., US Department of Transportation; DOT).

• Recommended/required text Provide information associated with US DOT shipping regulations, such as: Shipping Name, Hazard Class, ID Number and Packing Group.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

Regulatory entity: US DOT

Shipping Name Not Regulated Hazard Class Not Regulated ID Number Not Regulated Packing Group Not Regulated

Note: This data should be reviewed and confirmed by each manufacturer/distributor as it is ultimately the responsibility of the individual shipping the product to verify the proper shipping classification.

Section 15: Regulatory Information The identification and inclusion of data into this section is non-mandatory per 29 CFR 1910.1200 and any information provided in this section is not evaluated by OSHA.

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Purpose: Although Section 15 is not mandatory, it is recommended that the following information be provided. If provided, arrange available data into the following subsections: 15.1 Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance Provide information regarding relevant regulatory status of the CCP and its components, including advice regarding action that should be taken by the recipient as a result of these provisions. The regulations include but are not inclusive of:

• Recommended/required text Provide information associated with the compositional analysis of the final product and their presence on any of the following lists. - TSCA Inventory Status

Note: All components in the various sources reviewed for this document were present on the TSCA Inventory. Should a specific CCP include other substances, regardless of classification under the new HCS 2012, those substances will need to be reviewed to confirm their inclusion on the TSCA Inventory. The public inventory can be found at http://www.epa.gov/oppt/existingchemicals/pubs/tscainventory/ (TSCA, 2017).

For typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7, provide the following statement: The CCP and all components are listed on the TSCA Inventory.

- California Proposition 65

For typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7, list the following text and substances as specified by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (CA OEHHA, 2017): Disclose the following if present in the CCP (at any level). The following substances are known to the State of California to be carcinogens and/or reproductive toxicants:

Respirable crystalline silica (RCS) Titanium dioxide (airborne particles)

- State Right-to-Know (RTK) status

For typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7, the CCP components present on the various State RTK lists are provided in Table D. Disclose any listed CCP components present at ≥ 1% if the CCP is manufactured or distributed in that State. Non-applicable substances and jurisdictions should be omitted from the list. Note: References for each State Right to Know list are included as footnotes to the Table and in the Guidance Document references.

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Table D: CCP components present on the State Right to Know Lists

Component CAS MA1,2 NJ3,4 PA5 RI6

Ammonium bisulfate 7803-63-6 No Yes No No Ammonium sulfate 7783-20-2 Yes No Yes No Barium oxide-as Barium compounds 1304-28-5; Various No Yes Yes Yes Calcium carbonate 1317-65-3 Yes Yes Yes No Calcium oxide 1305-78-8 Yes Yes Yes No Calcium sulfate 7778-18-9 Yes Yes Yes No Iron oxide 1309-37-1 Yes Yes Yes No Magnesium oxide 1309-48-4 No Yes No No Manganese oxide-as manganese compounds

1313-13-9; Various No No Yes Yes

Phosphorus pentoxide (or phosphorus oxide)

1314-56-3 Yes Yes Yes No

Potassium oxide 12136-45-7 No Yes No No Silica-crystalline (SiO2), quartz 14808-60-7 Yes Yes Yes No Sodium oxide 1313-59-3 No Yes No No Sodium sulfate 7757-82-6 Yes No Yes No Titanium dioxide 13463-67-7 Yes Yes Yes No

1Massachusetts Department of Public Health, no date 2 189th General Court of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, no date 3 New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, 2010a 4 New Jersey Department of Health, 2010b 5 Pennsylvania Code, 1986 6 Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training, no date

Note: Other information related to the presence of component substance on other environmental listings such as SARA 311/312, SARA 313 TRI, CWA or CAA may also be included. Section 16: Other Information Purpose: Section 16 provides information relevant to the compilation of the safety data sheet. Incorporate other information required to communicate product hazards that may not be present in Sections 1 to 15. Information that supports the understanding of Sections 1-15 should be provided. At the end of the SDS provide an appropriate legal disclaimer associated with use of the SDS and information it contains. Arrange data into the following subsections: 16.1 Revision Information

• Recommended/required text Include the SDS Revision status (date of SDS development/revision and a revision number), if appropriate.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7, where an OSHA HCS 2012 compliant SDS was not previously released. Initial SDS prepared on (insert date)

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7, where an OSHA HCS 2012 SDS was previously released.

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SDS Revision date (insert date), Revision X (insert Revision number).

16.2 Acronyms and Revisions

• Recommended/required text Include a key to abbreviations and acronyms used throughout the SDS.

Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 Acronym list:

• ACA: American Coatings Association • ACGIH: American Conference of Industrial Hygienists • ANSI: American National Standards Institute • CA California • CAA: Clean Air Act • CAS: Chemical Abstract Services • CCP: Coal Combustion Product • CFR: Code of Federal Regulations • CWA: Clean Water Act • EC50: Effective Concentration that elicits an identified effect. • GHS: Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling • HCS 2012 Hazard Communication Standard, 2012 • HMIS: Hazardous Materials Identification System • IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer • LC50: Concentration resulting in the mortality of 50 % of an animal population • LD50: Dose resulting in the mortality of 50 % of an animal population • LEL: Lower explosive limit • MA: Massachusetts • NA: Not Applicable • NJ: New Jersey • NOEC: No observed effect concentration • NIOSH: National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health • NTP: US National Toxicology Program • OEL: Occupational Exposure Limit • OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration • Pa: Pascal • PA: Pennsylvania • PBT: Persistent, Toxic and Bioaccumulative • PEL: Permissible exposure limit • PPE: Personal Protective Equipment • REL: Recommended exposure limit • RI: Rhode Island • SARA: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act • SWCBA: Self-contained breathing apparatus • SDS: Safety data sheet • STEL: Short-term exposure limit • STOT-RE: Specific target organ toxicity-repeated exposure

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• STOT-SE: Specific target organ toxicity-single exposure • TLV: Threshold limit value • TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act • TWA: Time-weighted average • UEL: Upper explosive limit • UVCB: Unknown or Variable Composition/Biological • US: United States • US DOT: United States of Department of Transportation • VOC: Volatile organic compound • vPvB: very persistent and very bioaccumulative

Note: Prior to finalization of the SDS remove any acronyms that are not referenced and add any additional.

16.3 Other Hazards

• Recommended/required text Provide a table detailing the HMIS rating for the CCP. These ratings, associated with the hazards associated with the Health, Flammability and Reactivity associated with product usage were developed by the American Coatings Association. The incorporation of PPE information is not recommended for inclusion in the SDS (ACA, 2014). As the HMIS rating will vary based on the OSHA HCS 2012 hazard classification assigned to the CCP, apply the HMIS ratings table applicable to the typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7 CCP 1: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme) Health: 1 Flammability: 0 Physical

Hazards: 0 Personal

Protection:*

* Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed. See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 2: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Eye Irritation Category 2A

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme) Health: 2 Flammability: 0 Physical

Hazards: 0 Personal

Protection:*

* Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed. See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 3: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Carcinogen Category 1A

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme) Health: 1* Flammability:

Physical Hazards:

0 Personal Protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

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CCP 4: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Eye Irritation Category 2A, Carcinogen Category 1A

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme) Health: 2* Flammability:

Physical Hazards:

0 Personal Protection: **

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 5: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Carcinogen Category 1A, STOT-RE Category 1

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme) Health: 2* Flammability: 0 Physical

Hazards: 0 Personal

Protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 6: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Carcinogen Category 1A STOT-RE Category 1, Eye Irritant Category 2A

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme) Health: 2* Flammability: 0 Physical

Hazards: 0 Personal

Protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 7: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Toxic to Reproduction Category 2 Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme) Health: 1* Flammability: 0 Physical

Hazards: 0 Personal

Protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 8: STOT-SE Category 3, STOT-RE Category 1, Toxic to Reproduction Category 2, Eye Irritation Category 2A

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme) Health: 2* Flammability: 0 Physical

Hazards: 0 Personal

Protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 9: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Carcinogen Category 1A Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme) Health: 1* Flammability: 0 Physical

Hazards: 0 Personal

Protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

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CCP 10: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Carcinogen Category 1A, Eye Irritant Category 2A, Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme) Health: 2* Flammability: 0 Physical

Hazards: 0 Personal

Protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information. CCP 11: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), STOT-RE Category 1,

Carcinogen Category 1A, Toxic to Reproduction Category 2 Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme) Health: 1* Flammability: 0 Physical

Hazards: 0 Personal

Protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information. CCP 12: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Eye Irritant Category 2A,

STOT-RE Category 1, Carcinogen Category 1A, Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme) Health: 2* Flammability: 0 Physical

Hazards: 0 Personal

Protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

• Recommended/required text

Include an appropriate legal disclaimer associated with use of the SDS and information it contains. The example Disclaimer noted below may be use; however, legal counsel review is recommended.

• Example text for typical CCP compositions as defined in Table 7

Recommended Disclaimer: This SDS has been prepared in accordance with the Hazard Communication Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200. Information herein is based on data considered to be accurate as of date prepared. No warranty or representation, express or implied, is made as to the accuracy or completeness of this data and safety information. No responsibility can be assumed for any damage or injury resulting from abnormal use, failure to adhere to recommended practices, or from any hazards inherent in the nature of the product.

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7. References 1. Affolter, R.H., Groves, Steve, Betterton, W.J., Benzel, William, Conrad, K.L., Swanson, S.M.,

Ruppert L.F., Clough J.G., Belkin, H.E., Kolker, Allan, and Hower, J.C. 2011. Geochemical database of feed coal and coal combustion products (CCPs) from five power plants in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 635, pamphlet.

2. American Chemistry Council (ACC). 2014. Comments of the American Chemistry Council Crystalline Silica Panel. Docket No. OSHA-2010-0034. February 11. Available at: https://www.americanchemistry.com/ProductsTechnology/Crystalline-Silica/ACC-Comments-on-Crystalline-Silica-Feb-14-2014.pdf

3. American Coatings Association. 2014. HMIS Sample Training Presentation. December 2014.

4. American National Standard Institute (ANSI). 2010. ANSI for Workplace Chemicals-Hazard Evaluation and Safety Data Sheet and Precautionary Labeling Preparation. American Chemistry Council. Z400.1/Z129.1-2010. May 28.

5. Amyotte PR, Basu A, Khan FL. 2005. Dust explosion hazard of pulverized fuel carryover. Journal of Hazardous Material. June 30; 122(1-2: 23-30. 2005.

6. ASTM International. 2011. Standard D311/311M-13: Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete. December 1, 2011.

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8. ASTM International. 2013. Standard D4326-13: Standard Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal and Coke Ash by X-ray fluorescence. January 9, 2013.

9. ASTM International. 2015. Standard D114-15: Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement. April 15, 2015.

10. Caddas-Vieira F, Feuerborn H, Saraber A. 2013. European Product Standards (EN) – Update on status and changes with relevance to CCPs. http://www.flyash.info/2013/135-Feuerborn-2013.pdf. Accessed April 5, 2015.

11. California Environmental Protection Agency (CA EPA). 2001. Summary of Toxicology Data: Sodium bromide. http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/risk/toxsums/pdfs/1103.pdf. Accessed April 24, 2015.

12. California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (CA OEHHA). 2017. Chemicals known to the State to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/crnr/p65single07072017.pdf. Accessed October 10, 2017.

13. Collett M, Dastidar A. 2010. Safety and compliance for coal and ash combustible dust. Energy Tech Magazine. April 1, 2010. http://www.energy-tech.com/maintenance/article_a2bb157e-f94e-5198-962e-ba2442f19634.html. Accessed September 19, 2017.

14. Confidential ACAA Member Company. 2017. Beryllium data from 20 different CCP samples. Received July 2017.

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15. Gamble JF. 2011. Crystalline silica and lung cancer: a critical review of the occupational epidemiology literature of exposure-response studies testing this hypothesis. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 41(5): 404-465. May.

16. Health Canada. 2015. National Workplace Hazardous Information System (as amended by Hazardous Product Regulation. SOR 2015-17). February 11, 2015.

17. Environment Canada and Health Canada. 2013. Screening Assessment for the Challenge: Quartz and Cristobalite. June 2013. Available at: https://www.ec.gc.ca/ese-ees/default.asp?lang=En&n=1EB4F4EF-1.

18. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). 2006a. Potential Health Effects of Crystalline Silica Exposures from Coal Fly Ash: A Literature Review. Report No. 1012821. March.

19. EPRI. 2006b. Development of a Method to Identify Respirable Crystalline Silica (Quartz) in Coal Fly Ash: An Application of Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy. Report No. 1012571. November.

20. EPRI. 2006c. Chemical Constituents in Coal Combustion Product Leachate: Beryllium. Report No. 1012583. November.

21. EPRI. 2008. Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (CCSEM) Investigation of Respirable Quartz in Air Samples Collected During Power Plant Maintenance Activities. Report No. 1015632. December.

22. EPRI. 2010. Comparison of Coal Combustion Products to Other Common Materials. Report No. 1020556. September.

23. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2010a. REACH Registration Dossier for Ashes (residues), coal. http://apps.echa.europa.eu/registered/data/dossiers/DISS-a000ebe7-e6d4-0933-e044-00144f67d031/DISS-a000ebe7-e6d4-0933-e044-00144f67d031_DISS-a000ebe7-e6d4-0933-e044-00144f67d031.html. Accessed April 17, 2015.

24. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2010b. REACH Registration Dossier for FBC Ash (residues of coal combustion in fluidized bed boilers. http://apps.echa.europa.eu/registered/data/dossiers/DISS-97d85c15-4762-3e07-e044-00144f67d031/DISS-97d85c15-4762-3e07-e044-00144f67d031_DISS-97d85c15-4762-3e07-e044-00144f67d031.html. Accessed April 25, 2015.

25. Gradient 2015a Tuit, C and A. Lewis. Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Classifying CS. Gradient Trends Risk Science & Application. Issue 62. Winter.

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27. Hazardous Substances Database (HSDB). Sodium Bromide, CAS #7647-15-6. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2/f?./temp/~fhKzXW:1. Accessed April 25, 2015.

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29. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 1997. Monograph of the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans: Silica, Some Silicates, Coal Dust and Para-aramid Fibrils. Volume 68. IARC Press, Geneva.

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30. IARC. 2012. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Arsenic, Metals, Fibres, and Dusts. Volume 100 C-A Review of Human Carcinogens. IARC, Lyons, France. Available at: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol100C/mono100C.pdf.

31. Industrial Minerals Association (IMA) Europe. 2014a. Position Paper: Classification and labeling of crystalline silica (fine fraction). http://www.crystallinesilica.eu/sites/crystallinesilica.eu/files/documents/Position%20Paper%20Classification%20of%20RCS%20%28January%202014%29.pdf. Accessed March 30, 2015.

32. IMA Europe. 2014b. Position Paper: Classification and labeling of crystalline silica (fine fraction). http://www.crystallinesilica.eu/sites/crystallinesilica.eu/files/documents/Position%20Paper%20Classification%20of%20RCS%20%28January%202014%29.pdf. Accessed March 30, 2015.

33. Massachusetts Department of Public Health. No date. 105 CMR 6700.000: Right to Know. http://www.mass.gov/courts/docs/lawlib/104-105cmr/105cmr670.pdf. Accessed April 25, 2015.

34. 189th General Court of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. No date. Hazardous Substances Disclosure by employers. https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXVI/Chapter111F. Accessed April 25, 2015.

35. Meij, R., Nagengast, S. and Te Winkel, H. 2000. The Ocurrence of Quartz in Coal Fly Ash Particles. Journal of Inhalation Toxicology. Issue 12 (3) pp. 109-116. January 2000.

36. Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and Industrial Minerals Association-North America. 2008. A Practical Guide to an Occupational Health Program for Respirable Crystalline Silica. MSHA Alliance Program. Instruction Guide Series IG 103. 2008. Available at: http://www.msha.gov/alliances/formed/IG103.pdf.

37. Morfeld, P. 2010. Respirable Crystalline Silica: Rationale for Classification According to the CLP Regulation and within the Framework of the Globally Harmonised System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. Institute for Occupational Epidemiology and Risk Assessment of Evonik Industries. Germany. http://www.crystallinesilica.eu/sites/crystallinesilica.eu/files/documents/Summary%20Morfeld%20Classification%20CLP_GHS_RCS.pdf. Accessed March 30, 2015.

38. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). 2001. Health Hazard Evaluation Report 2000-0309-2857-Lehigh Portland Cement Company. Ronald M. Hall and Kristin K. Gwin. Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch (HETAB), Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies (DSHEFS). August.

39. NIOSH. 2002. NIOSH Hazard Review: Health Effects of Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica. Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2002-129. April.

40. National Toxicology Program (NTP). 2016. Department of Health and Human Services. Report on Carcinogens. Silica, Crystalline (Respirable Size). Fourteenth Edition. Available at: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/index-1.html#C.

41. New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. 2010a. Worker and Community Right to Know Act. http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/rtkregs.pdf. Access April 25, 2015.

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42. New Jersey Department of Health. 2010b. Right to Know Hazardous Substance List. http://web.doh.state.nj.us/rtkhsfs/rtkhsl.aspx. and http://web.doh.state.nj.us/rtkhsfs/rtkhsl.aspx. Accessed April 25, 2015.

43. Pennsylvania Code. 1986. Chapter 323: Hazardous Substances List. http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/034/chapter323/chap323toc.html. Accessed April 25, 2015.

44. Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training (DLT). No date. DLT Right to Know Hazardous Substances List. https://www.ri.gov/DLT/righttoknow/. Accessed April 25, 2015.

45. Swanson V, Huffman C Jr. 1976. Guidelines for Sample Collecting and Analytical Methods used in the U.S. Geological Survey for determining the Chemical Composition of Coal. Geological Survey Circular 735. http://energy.er.usgs.gov/products/databases/CoalQual/Docs/c735.pdf. Accessed May 13, 2015.

46. Thermo-Fisher Scientific. 2012. Application Note: 41661 - Analysis of Coal Fly Ash: Thermo Scientific ARL PERFORM’X Series Advanced X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometers. http://www.thermoscientific.com/content/dam/tfs/ATG/CAD/CAD%20Documents/Application%20&%20Technical%20Notes/Elemental%20Analysis/XRF/XR-AN41661-ARL%20PERFORMX-Coal%20fly%20ash-0312.pdf. Accessed May 13, 2015.

47. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2009. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), Revision 3. 2009. http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev03/03files_e.html. Accessed April 15, 2015.

48. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2014. Coal Ash Reuse. http://www2.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-reuse. Accessed April 15, 2015.

49. U.S. EPA. 2015. Toxic Substance Chemical Inventory. http://www.epa.gov/oppt/existingchemicals/pubs/tscainventory/. Accessed April 20, 2015.

50. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 1996. Report of the Hazard Communication Workshop to the National Advisory Committee on Occupational Safety and Health (NACOSH). https://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/wgfinal.html. Accessed April 8, 2015.

51. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 2012a. Comparison of Hazard Communication Requirements: OSHA Hazard Communication Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200(HCS) and Globally Harmonized System (GHS). https://www.osha.gov/dsg/hazcom/ghoshacomparison.html. Accessed April 16, 2015.

52. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 2012b. Hazard Communication. 29 CFR 1910. Federal Register Vol.77, No. 58. March 26, 2012. https://www.osha.gov/FedReg_osha_pdf/FED20120326.pdf.

53. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 2012c. Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Subpart Z: Toxic and Hazardous Substances. Standard Number 1910.1200. Hazard Communication. https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10099. Accessed April 8, 2015.

54. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 2012d. Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Subpart Z: Toxic and Hazardous Substances. Standard Number 1910.1200. Appendix

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D, Safety Data Sheets (mandatory). https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10103. Accessed April 8, 2015.

55. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 2012e. Occupational Safety and Health Standards. Subpart Z: Toxic and Hazardous Substances. Standard Number 1910.1200. Table Z-1, Limits for Air Contaminants. https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=9992. Accessed April 8, 2015.

56. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2013a. Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica-Review of Health Effects Literature and Preliminary Quantitative Risk Assessment. Docket No. OSHA-2010-0034.

57. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 2013b. Standard Interpretations – Classification of Combustible Dusts under the Revised Hazard Communication Standard. https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=28880. Accessed September 19, 2017.

58. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Undated (a). OSHA Brief Hazard Communication Standard: Safety Data Sheets. https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3514.pdf. Accessed April 8, 2015.

59. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Undated (b). OSHA Brief Hazard Communication Standard: Labels and Pictograms. https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3636.pdf. Accessed April 15, 2015.

60. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 2016. Final Rule-Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica. Federal Register Vol. 81, No. 58. Docket No. OSHA-2010-0034. March 25, 2016. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/03/25/2016-04800/occupational-exposure-to-respirable-crystalline-silica.

61. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 2017. Occupational Safety and Health Standards – Beryllium (29 CFR 1910.1024. https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=1309. October 10, 2017.

62. U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 2017. OSHA Fact Sheet – Protecting Workers from Exposure to Beryllium and Beryllium Compounds: Final Rule Overview. https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3821.pdf. October 10, 2017.

FINAL AUGUST 2018

APPENDIX A

CCP Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Development Checklist

Appendix A CCP Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Checklist

CCP SDS Checklist Page 1 of 7 Preparation Date: 2018-01-04

This SDS Checklist was developed to provide ACAA member companies the information necessary to develop a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for Coal Combustion Products. When used in concert with the SDS Guidance Document and the SDS Template for Coal Combustion Products (CCPs), the checklist can be used by ACAA Member Companies to develop the SDSs required based on Company and product specific information on their CCPs. Prior to developing an SDS using the SDS Guidance Document and associated Appendices, confirm that the CCP formulation meets the composition specifications detailed in Appendix C (Composition Summary Workbook). Should the CCP being evaluated have additional substances present, or have substances above the maximum percentage identified, the SDS Guidance Document should not be used until an assessment of the compositional differences is evaluated to confirm that the compositional differences do not result in additional GHS classifications of the CCP. This checklist specifies the information required/recommended for inclusion in the SDS per the OSHA HazCom 2012 Rule as specified in 29 CFR 1910.1200, the OSHA recognized ANSI Z400.1 Standard (Hazard Evaluation and Safety Data Sheet and Precautionary Labeling Preparation Standard), or recommendations based on expert judgement. An SDS Template that can be used to communicate the necessary information detailed on a Section by Section basis is available as Appendix B to the SDS Guidance Document. Additional information and further guidance on how to populate the SDS, including appropriate information to be provided can be found in the SDS Guidance Document.

General SDS Development Information

✓ Although specifically required in Section 16, it is recommended that the date of SDS development/update and the SDS Version (i.e., New or Revision number) be included in the SDS Header

✓ Paginate the SDS ✓ Include a Legal Disclaimer at the end of the SDS Section 16 (last section)

SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION Provide the following information in the SDS. See the SDS Guidance Document for additional detail on the required information.

✓ Product identifier (name used on label), common names/synonyms ✓ Name, address, email and telephone number of the manufacturer, packager or supplier ✓ Emergency telephone number and any restrictions to the availability ✓ Recommended uses ✓ Any restricted uses

CCPSDS Checklist Page 2 of 7 Preparation Date: 2018-01-04

SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Provide the following information in the SDS for the CCP. See the SDS Guidance Document and Appendix D: SDS Section 2 Data, to select the data applicable to the CCP composition. Individual data tables in Appendix D provide the information listed below for each CCP Classification.

✓ Hazard classification ✓ Signal word ✓ Hazard statements ✓ Pictograms ✓ Precautionary statements ✓ Hazards not otherwise classified

SECTION 3. COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS Provide the following information on the composition of the product. See the SDS Guidance Document to select appropriate substances and related information from the list of identified hazardous constituents.

✓ Disclose substances that: o Are present above their threshold limits or; o Result in a classification of the final product regardless of their respective threshold

limits ✓ Provide the following information on those substances:

o Substance name o Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number o Percentage of the ingredient in the CCP. A range may be provided.

SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES See the SDS Guidance Document for the appropriate information to populate the section.

✓ Describe the first aid measures organized by relevant route of exposure (inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion)

✓ Provide information on the most important health effects and symptoms (both acute and delayed)

✓ Indicate information related to the need for immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, when necessary

SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES See the SDS Guidance Document for the appropriate information to populate the section.

✓ Provide information on suitable and unsuitable extinguishing media ✓ Identify special hazards arising from the substance or mixture, including hazardous combustion

products ✓ Provide any special advice for firefighters

CCPSDS Checklist Page 3 of 7 Preparation Date: 2018-01-04

SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

See the SDS Guidance Document for the appropriate information to populate the section.

✓ Specify any personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures ✓ Indicate any environmental precautions ✓ Provide information on the methods and materials necessary for containment and cleanup

procedures

SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

See the SDS Guidance Document for the appropriate information to populate the section.

✓ Provide precautions for safe handling (e.g., protective measures, measures to prevent fire, aerosol and dust generation, measures to protect the environment, and advice on general occupational hygiene)

✓ Indicate proper storage conditions including any incompatibilities and specific storage requirements or ventilation requirements

SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION Provide information on the Occupation Exposure Limits (OELs) associated with substances disclosed in Section 2 of the SDS. See the SDS Guidance Document for the list of OEL’s identified based on identified CCP constituents, as determined in Appendix C.

✓ Provide appropriate occupational exposure limits for particulates not otherwise regulated (PNOR) and substances disclosed in Section 3 based on manufacture/market jurisdiction. OELs to be provided, where available include OSHA permissible exposure limits (PEL), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Threshold Limit Values (TLV), California EPA PEL

✓ Detail appropriate exposure controls, including engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and environmental exposure controls

CCPSDS Checklist Page 4 of 7 Preparation Date: 2018-01-04

SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Provide information on the following physical and chemical properties. If no information is available or if the data is not applicable, do not delete the parameter; rather, note that data is “Not available” or that the parameter is “Not applicable”. See the SDS Guidance Document for more information.

✓ Odor ✓ Odor threshold ✓ pH ✓ Melting point/freezing point ✓ Initial boiling point and boiling range ✓ Flash point ✓ Evaporation rate ✓ Flammability ✓ Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits ✓ Vapor pressure ✓ Vapor density ✓ Relative density ✓ Solubility(ies) ✓ Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water ✓ Auto-ignition temperature ✓ Decomposition temperature ✓ Viscosity

Additional information such as particle size, etc. may also be provided.

SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY See the SDS Guidance Document for the appropriate information to provide in the section.

✓ Reactivity ✓ Chemical stability ✓ Possibility of hazardous reactions ✓ Conditions to avoid ✓ Incompatible materials ✓ Hazardous decomposition products

CCPSDS Checklist Page 5 of 7 Preparation Date: 2018-01-04

SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION Available information on the recognized GHS Human Health Classification Categories should be provided. Where data is not available or not known, that should be indicated. See the SDS Guidance Document and Appendix E: SDS Section 11 Data, for the appropriate toxicological information to populate the section based on the CCP composition and corresponding toxicity information on the Human Health Hazards. The following categories should be included:

✓ Acute Toxicity [include information on the route of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact)]

✓ Skin Corrosion/Irritation ✓ Eye Damage/Irritation ✓ Skin or Respiratory Sensitization ✓ Germ Cell Mutagenicity ✓ Carcinogenicity ✓ Reproductive Toxicity ✓ STOT - Single Exposure ✓ STOT – Repeated Exposure ✓ Aspiration Hazard

Note: Additional data on component substances may also be provided, but is not required; however, under carcinogenicity, it is required to declare any components (such as respirable crystalline silica) listed on the U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP) Report on Carcinogens (latest edition) or has been found to be a carcinogen in the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs (latest edition), or as a carcinogen by OSHA.

SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION This section is non-mandatory. Enter “No data available” or if desired, provide available data for component substances following the format indicated in the SDS Guidance Document.

✓ Ecotoxicity data (aquatic and terrestrial, where available) ✓ Persistence and degradability ✓ Bioaccumulative potential ✓ Mobility in soil ✓ Other adverse effects

CCPSDS Checklist Page 6 of 7 Preparation Date: 2018-01-04

SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS This section is non-mandatory; however, it is recommended that information on proper disposal, recycling or reclamation of the product be included. Refer to the SDS Guidance Document and information related to Section 8 (Exposure Controls/Personal Protection) for appropriate information.

✓ Reference Section 8 for safe handling precautions ✓ Describe appropriate disposal containers to use ✓ Recommend appropriate disposal methods ✓ Describe any physical and chemical properties that may affect disposal activities ✓ Include language discouraging sewage disposal

SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION This section is non-mandatory however, it is recommended to include information related to U.S. transportation (e.g., U.S. DOT) as detailed in the SDS Guidance Document.

✓ UN Number (4 figure identification number) ✓ Proper UN shipping name ✓ Transport hazard class(es) ✓ Packing group number, if applicable

SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION This section is not mandatory; however, it is recommended to include the following information related to the presence of the finished product and components above identified thresholds on relevant safety, health and environmental regulatory lists. Information on the recommended lists is present in the SDS Guidance.

✓ TSCA InventoryCalifornia Proposition 65 Listing ✓ Applicable State Right-to-Know Lists (Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Rhode

Island). Appropriate lists include those where the product is manufactured, packaged or distributed

Note: Additional information related to the presence of component substances on other environmental listings such as SARA 311/312, SARA 313 TRI, CWA or CAA may also be included.

CCPSDS Checklist Page 7 of 7 Preparation Date: 2018-01-04

SECTION 16. OTHER INFORMATION Populate this section with the following information to assist the user in understanding the information provided in the SDS. See the SDS Guidance Document for information that may be required to populate this section.

✓ Date of preparation/last revision ✓ The abbreviations and acronyms used in the SDS ✓ Other hazards including information related to the HMIS Hazard Rating System ✓ Legal disclaimer

FINAL AUGUST 2018

APPENDIX B

CCP Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Template

CCP SDS Template Preparation Date: 2018‐01‐04 

Appendix B Coal Combustion Product (CCP) Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Template 

This Appendix provides a generic template that can be used to develop an OSHA compliant SDS for Coal Combustion Products (CCPs).  Unless specifically noted, the text included in the SDS template may be applied to all eight CCP classifications identified in the SDS Guidance Document.  For ease of use, a Word (.docx) file of this template is provided as a companion to this Guidance Document.

Comments have been included within the SDS to assist ACAA members in populating the SDS appropriately.  In general, items highlighted in yellow will require additional input from the SDS developer to identify/include the appropriate information.  The necessary information for populating the template may be related to the manufacturer/distributer or the CCP composition.  The SDS Guidance Document, as well as Appendices C, D, and E to that document can be used as a source of required information if it is not available here. 

Delete highlights and comments upon generation of an SDS using the template. Adjust Page Breaks as necessary to keep section, subsection or tabular information together.  

Page 1 of 15

 

Preparation Date: INSERT  

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

Safety Data Sheet

Section 1 Identification of the Substance and of the Supplier

1.1 Product Identifier Product Name/Identification: INSERT

Synonyms: LIST HERE, Delete row if not applicable

Product Code: INSERT or enter Not Applicable

Formula: UVCB Substance

1.2 Relevant Identified Uses of the Substance or Mixture and Uses Advices Against

Relevant Identified Uses: Component of wallboard, concrete, roofing material, bricks, cement kiln feed

Uses Advised Against: None known

1.3 Details of the Supplier of the SDS Manufacturer/Supplier: INSERT

Street Address: INSERT

City, State and Zip Code: INSERT

Customer Service Telephone: INSERT

E-mail Address: OPTIONAL, Insert if desired, otherwise delete row

1.4 Emergency Telephone Number Emergency Phone Number: INSERT

Hours Available: INSERT

Page 2 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

Section 2

Hazards Identification

2.1 Classification of the Substance  GHS Classification(s) according to OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200):

Insert Classifications applicable to the CCP formulation. Include “note” if applicable.

2.2 Label Elements  

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal word:

Hazard Statement(s):

Precautionary Statement(s):

* Fly ash and other coal combustion products (CCPs) are UVCB substances (substance of unknown or variable composition or biological. Various CCPs, noted as Ashes; Ash; Ash residues; Ashes, residues, bottom; Bottom ash; Bottom ash residues; Waste solids, ashes under TSCA are defined by the US EPA as: “The residuum from the burning of a combination of carbonaceous materials. The following elements may be present as oxides: aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, sulfur, titanium, and vanadium.” Ashes including fly ash and fluidized bed combustion ash are identified by CAS number 68131-74-8. The exact composition of the ash is dependent on the fuel source and flue additives composed of a large number of constituents. The classification of the final substance is dependent on the presence of specific identified oxides as well as other trace elements.

2.3 Other Hazards Listed Carcinogens: -Respirable Crystalline Silica

IARC: [Yes] NTP: [Yes] OSHA: [Yes] Other (ACGIH) : [Yes]

   

Commented [A1]:  1. Insert the appropriate GHS Classification(s) applicable to the CCP based on its formulation as defined in Section 5.4 of the Guidance Document. 

 2. If the level of respirable crystalline silica has not been determined insert the following note directly below the classification(s). 

 Note: The level of respirable crystalline silica (RCS) present in this product has not been determined; therefore, a conservative classification for STOT‐RE Category 2 and Carcinogen Category 1A has been assigned. 

Commented [A2]: Insert the information from the appropriate Table in Appendix D that corresponds with the CCP GHS classification selected above.  Note: The various CCP classifications determined in the course of this project assume that the CCP conforms to the typical CCP composition presented in Section 4.1 Table 1 of the Guidance Document.   If the CCP does not meet those compositional specifications,  the CCP hazard classification and associated SDS elements may require re‐evaluation by the SDS developer.  These data are not included in the Guidance Document.   

Commented [A3]: Include the information related to Listed Carcinogens for CCPs Compositions 3 through 6 and  9 through 12.  This entire row of verbiage should be replaced with “None known” for CCP Compositions 1, 2, 7, and 8. 

Page 3 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

Section 3 Composition/Information on Ingredients

Substance  CAS No.   Percentage (%)  Hazard Classification 

Aluminosilicates   Various: See note 1  Include %  Single Exposure STOT, Category 3 

Crystalline Silica  14808‐60‐7  See note 2 Repeat Dose STOT, Category 1 

Carcinogenicity Category 1A 

Silica, crystalline respirable 

(RCS) 14808‐60‐7  ≥0.1% ; See note 3  

Repeat Dose STOT, Category 1 

Carcinogenicity Category 1A 

Calcium oxide (CaO)  1305‐78‐8  If ≥1%; See note 4 

Skin Irritant Category 2 

Eye Irritant Category 1 

Single Exposure STOT, Category 3 

Manganese dioxide (MnO2)  1313‐13‐9  If ≥1% Skin Irritant Category 2 

Eye Irritant Category 2B 

Phosphorus pentoxide 

(P2O5) 1314‐56‐3  If ≥1% 

Skin Irritant Category 2 

Eye Irritant Category 2B 

Potassium oxide (K2O)  12136‐45‐7  ≥1% Skin Irritant Category 2 

Eye Irritant Category 2B 

Magnesium sulfate  7487‐88‐9  ≥1% Skin Irritant Category 2 

Eye Irritant Category 2B 

Bromide salts Insert corresponding 

CAS No. ≥0.1%  Toxic to Reproduction Category 2 

1. Aluminosilicates may be in the form of mullite (CAS#1302‐93‐8); pozzolans, coal ash (CAS#71243‐67‐9); or aluminosilicates (CAS# 1327‐36‐2).  The form is dependent on the source of the coal and or the process used to create the CCP.   Pulverized coal combustion would be more likely to create high levels of pozzolans, coal ash (particularly bottom ash) due to the high heat of combustion while the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) process would be less likely to generate this glassy aluminosilicate. Choose the most appropriate CAS # for the CCP based on this data. 

2. Report the level of crystalline silica in the product if the level of Respirable Crystalline Silica has not been determined.  If the level of RCS has been determined delete the Crystalline Silica row.  

3. Report the level of RCS if known.  If the RCS level has not been determined, footnote the crystalline silica value to indicate that the respirable portion of the substance in the CCP has not been determined and delete the RCS row. 

4. This percentage includes either total calcium oxide or free calcium oxide, if available.  Please specify type of calcium oxide that the percentage represents or report both if available. 

   

Commented [A4]: Insert the concentrations of hazardous substances (based on GHS criteria) present in the CCP if present at or above identified percentage thresholds.    Insert the appropriate Aluminosilicate CAS# based on the type of CCP.  If a substance is present in the CCP composition below the listed threshold, that substance does not require disclosure and the row may be deleted.  Disclosure of non‐hazardous substances present in the CCP composition may be disclosed at the SDS preparer’s discretion.  NOTE:  This disclosure list assumes that all components of the CCP were included in the evaluation of CCP compositions for this project as defined in Section 5.4 of the SDS Guidance Document.  If additional substances are identified at levels of 0.1% or greater,  additional disclosure may be required. 

Commented [A5]: Insert the following table footnote if the level of respirable crystalline silica was not determined.  Footnote: The percentage of respirable crystalline silica has not been determined.  

Commented [A6]: Delete footnotes after composition information is populated. 

Page 4 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

Section 4 First Aid Measures

4.1 Description of First Aid Measures

Inhalation:

If product is inhaled and irritation of the nose or coughing occurs, remove person to fresh air. Get medical advice/attention if respiratory symptoms persist.

Skin Contact: If skin exposure occurs, wash with soap and water.

Eye Contact:

If product gets into the eye, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Seek medical attention/advice if irritation occurs or persists.

Ingestion: No specific first aid measures are required.

4.2 Most Important Health Effects, Both Acute and Delayed For CCP compositions 1 and 2 Acute effects: Direct exposure may cause respiratory irritation, eye irritation and skin irritation. The product dust can dry and irritate the skin and cause dermatitis and can irritate eyes and skin through mechanical abrasion.  Chronic effects: None known. For CCP compositions 3 through 6  Acute effects: Direct exposure may cause respiratory irritation, eye irritation and skin irritation. The product dust can dry and irritate the skin and cause dermatitis and can irritate eyes and skin through mechanical abrasion.  Chronic effects: Chronic exposure may cause lung damage from repeated exposure. Prolonged inhalation of respirable crystalline silica above certain concentrations may cause lung diseases, including silicosis and lung cancer. For CCP compositions 7 and 8  

Acute Effects: Direct exposure may cause respiratory irritation, eye irritation and skin irritation. The product dust can dry and irritate the skin and cause dermatitis and can irritate eyes and skin through mechanical abrasion.  Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure to dusts containing inorganic bromide salts may affect fertility and/or result in effects to the unborn child. For CCP compositions 9 through 12  

Commented [A7]: Select the appropriate text based on the CCP composition.  Delete text associated with the other CCP compositions. 

Page 5 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

Acute Effects: Direct exposure may cause respiratory irritation, eye irritation and skin irritation. The product dust can dry and irritate the skin and cause dermatitis and can irritate eyes and skin through mechanical abrasion.  Chronic Effects: Chronic exposure may cause lung damage from repeated exposure. Prolonged inhalation of respirable crystalline silica above certain concentrations may cause lung diseases, including silicosis and lung cancer. Repeated exposure to dusts containing inorganic bromide salts may affect fertility and/or result in effects to the unborn child.

4.3 Indication of Any Immediate Medical Attention and Special Treatment Needed  Seek first aid or call a doctor or Poison Control Center if contact with eyes occurs and irritation remains after rinsing. Get medical advice if inhalation occurs and respiratory symptoms persist.

Section 5 Firefighting Measures

5.1 Extinguishing Media

Suitable Extinguishing Media: Product is not flammable. Use extinguishing media appropriate for surrounding fire.

Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Not applicable, the product is not flammable.

 

5.2 Special Hazards Arising From the Substance or Mixture Hazardous Combustion Products: None known.

5.3 Advice for Firefighters Special Protective Equipment and Precautions for Firefighters:

As with any fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus (NIOSH approved or equivalent) and full protective gear.

Section 6 Accidental Release Measures

6.1 Personal Precautions, Protective Equipment and Emergency Procedures

Personal precautions/Protective Equipment:

See Section 8.3 Individual Protective Measures. For concentrations exceeding Occupational Exposure Levels (OELs), use a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Emergency procedures: Use scooping, water spraying/flushing/misting or ventilated vacuum cleaning systems to clean up spills. Do not use pressurized air. Avoid creating airborne dust during clean-up. 

Page 6 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

6.2 Environmental Precautions

Environmental precautions: Prevent contamination of drains or waterways and dispose according to local and national regulations.

6.3 Methods and Material for Containment and Cleaning Up

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:

Do not use brooms or compressed air to clean surfaces. Use dust collection vacuum and extraction systems.

Large spills of dry product should be removed by a vacuum system. Dampened material should be removed by mechanical means and recycled or disposed of according to local and national regulations.

See Sections 8 and 13 for additional information on exposure controls and disposal.

Section 7 Handling and Storage

7.1 Precautions for Safe Handling

Practice good housekeeping. Use adequate exhaust ventilation, dust collection and/or water mist to maintain airborne dust concentrations below permissible exposure limits (note: respirable crystalline silica dust may be in the air without a visible dust cloud).

Do not permit dust to collect on walls, floors, sills, ledges, machinery, or equipment. Maintain and test ventilation and dust collection equipment. In cases of insufficient ventilation, wear a NIOSH approved respirator for silica dust when handling or disposing dust from this product. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Wash or vacuum clothing that has become dusty. Avoid eating, smoking, or drinking while handling the material.

7.2 Conditions for Safe Storage, Including any Incompatibilities

Minimize dust produced during loading and unloading.

Section 8 Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

8.1 Control Parameters OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS

SUBSTANCE OSHA PEL

TWA (mg/m3)

NIOSH REL

TWA (mg/m3)

ACGIH TLV

TWA (mg/m3)

CA - OSHA PEL

(mg/m3)

Calcium oxide 5 2 2 2

Particulates Not Otherwise Total 15 15 - 10

Commented [A8]: Include substances disclosed in Section 3.  Delete rows for non‐applicable substances. 

Page 7 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

Regulated Respirable 5 5 - 5

Respirable Crystalline Silica Total 0.05 0.05 0.025 0.05

Manganese dioxide

(as manganese compounds)

Total 5 (Ceiling) 1 3 (STEL)

0.1 0.2

Respirable - - 0.02 -

8.2 Exposure Controls

8.2.1 Engineering Controls Provide ventilation to maintain the ambient workplace atmosphere below the occupational exposure limit(s). Use general and local exhaust ventilation and dust collection systems as necessary to minimize exposure. 8.2.2 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Respiratory protection:

Wear a NIOSH approved particulate respirator if exposure to airborne particulates is unavoidable and where occupational exposure limits may be exceeded. If airborne exposures are anticipated to exceed applicable PELs or TLVs, a self-contained breathing apparatus or airline respirator is recommended.

Eye and face protection: If eye contact is possible, wear protective glasses with side shields. Avoid contact lenses.

Hand and skin protection: Wear gloves and protective clothing. Wash hands with soap and water after contact with material.

Section 9 Physical and Chemical Properties

9.1 Information on Basic Physical and Chemical Properties

Property: Value Property: Value

Appearance (physical state, color, etc.): Fine tan/ gray particulate

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not applicable

Odor: Odorless1 Vapor Pressure (Pa): Not applicable

Odor threshold: Not applicable Vapor Density: Not applicable

pH (25 °C)(in water): INSERT Specific gravity or relative density: INSERT

Melting point/freezing point (°C): Not applicable Water Solubility: Slight

Commented [A9]:  Do not delete any rows or individual properties.  If data is not available insert – Not Determined or Not Applicable. 

Commented [A10]: If urea or ammonia are injected into the flue gas as a pollution control agent, include a notation next to the odor value and the footnote provided.  If urea or ammonia are not used, delete the footnote. 

Page 8 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

Initial boiling point and boiling range (°C): Not applicable

Partition coefficient: n-octane/water: Not determined

Flash point (°C): Not determined Auto ignition temperature (°C): Not applicable

Evaporation rate: Not applicable Decomposition temperature (°C): Not determined

Flammability (solid, gas): Not combustible Viscosity: Not applicable 1 The use of urea or aqueous ammonia injected into the flue gas to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions may result in the presence of ammonium sulfate or ammonium bisulfate in the ash at less than 0.1%. When ash containing these substances becomes wet under high pH (>9), free ammonia gas may be released resulting in objectionable/nuisance ammonia odor and potential exposure to ammonia gas especially in confined spaces.

9.2 Other Information

Section 10 Stability and Reactivity

10.1 Reactivity: The material is an inert, inorganic material primarily composed of elemental oxides.

10.2 Chemical stability: The material is stable under normal use conditions.

10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions:

The material is a relatively stable, inert material; polymerization will not occur.

or

The material is a relatively stable, inert material; however, when ash containing ammonia becomes wet under high pH (>9), free ammonia gas may be released resulting in an objectionable/nuisance ammonia odor and potential exposure to ammonia gas especially in confined spaces. Polymerization will not occur.

10.4 Conditions to avoid: Product can become airborne in moderate winds. Dry material should be stored in silos. Materials stored out of doors should be covered or maintained in a damp condition.

10.5 Incompatible materials: None known.

10. 6 Hazardous decomposition products: None known.

Commented [A11]: If available, list other properties that might be applicable to evaluate the hazards of the CCP.  One such example would be particle size determination.  If none are available, delete this section.  

Commented [A12]: Choose the appropriate statement and delete the other.  Choose Statement 1 if ammonia or urea are NOT incorporated as pollution control additives.  Choose Statement 2 if urea or ammonia ARE used as a pollution control agent. 

Page 9 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

Section 11 Toxicological Information

11.1 Information on Toxicological Effects  

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity

Acute dermal toxicity

Acute inhalation toxicity

Skin corrosion/irritation

Eye damage/irritation

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Germ cell mutagenicity

Carcinogenicity

Reproductive toxicity

STOT-SE

STOT-RE

 

Section 12 Ecological Information

12.1 Toxicity No data available on final product.

12.2 Persistence and Degradability Not relevant for inorganic materials.

12.3 Bioaccumulative Potential No data available.

12.4 Mobility in Soil No data available.

Commented [A13]: Insert the data that is applicable to the CCP composition as provided in Appendix E. 

Commented [A14]: The identification and inclusion of data into this section is non‐mandatory per 29CFR 1910.1200.  If desired, tables as presented in the SDS Guidance Document can be included but is not required. 

Page 10 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB Assessment No data available.

12.6 Other Adverse Effects None known.

Section 13 Disposal Considerations

See Sections 7 and 8 for safe handling and use, including appropriate hygienic practices.

Dispose of all waste product and containers in accordance with federal, state and local regulations.

Section 14 Transport Information

Regulatory entity: U.S. DOT

Shipping Name: Not Regulated

Hazard Class: Not Regulated

ID Number: Not Regulated

Packing Group: Not Regulated

Section 15 Regulatory Information

15.1 Safety, Health and Environmental Regulations/Legislation Specific for the Mixture

o TSCA Inventory Status

All components are listed on the TSCA Inventory.

o California Proposition 65

The following substances are known to the State of California to be carcinogens and/or reproductive toxicants:

Respirable crystalline silica

Titanium dioxide (airborne particles)

o State Right-to-Know (RTK)

Component CAS MA1,2 NJ3,4 PA5 RI6

Ammonium bisulfate 7803-63-6 No Yes No No Ammonium sulfate 7783-20-2 Yes No Yes No Barium oxide-as Barium compounds

1304-28-5; Various

No Yes Yes Yes

Calcium carbonate 1317-65-3 Yes Yes Yes No Calcium oxide 1305-78-8 Yes Yes Yes No Calcium sulfate 7778-18-9 Yes Yes Yes No

Commented [A15]:  Disclose the following if present in the CCP (at any level). 

Commented [A16]: Disclose identified components of the CCP present at ≥1% if the CCP is manufactured or distributed in that State.  Non‐applicable substances/jurisdictions should be deleted.  

Page 11 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

Component CAS MA1,2 NJ3,4 PA5 RI6

Iron oxide 1309-37-1 Yes Yes Yes No Magnesium oxide 1309-48-4 No Yes No No Manganese oxide-as manganese compounds

1313-13-9; Various

No No Yes Yes

Phosphorus pentoxide (or phosphorus oxide)

1314-56-3 Yes Yes Yes No

Potassium oxide 12136-45-7 No Yes No No Silica-crystalline (SiO2), quartz 14808-60-7 Yes Yes Yes No Sodium oxide 1313-59-3 No Yes No No Sodium sulfate 7757-82-6 Yes No Yes No Titanium dioxide 13463-67-7 Yes Yes Yes No

    1 Massachusetts Department of Public Health, no date 2 189th General Court of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, no date

3 New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, 2010a 4 New Jersey Department of Health, 2010b 5 Pennsylvania Code, 1986 6 Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training, no date

o Other Environmental Listings

Section 16 Other Information, Including Date of Preparation or Last Revision

16.1 Indication of Changes Date of preparation or last revision: INSERT

16.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms  

ACGIH: American Conference of Industrial Hygienists ANSI: American National Standards Institute CA: California CAA: Clean Air Act CAS: Chemical Abstract Services CCP: Coal Combustion Product CFB: Circulating Fluidized Bed CFR: Code of Federal Regulations CWA: Clean Water Act EPA: Environmental Protection Agency GHS: Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling HMIS: Hazardous Materials Identification System IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer LC50: Concentration resulting in the mortality of 50 % of an animal population LD50: Dose resulting in the mortality of 50 % of an animal population LEL: Lower explosive limit MA: Massachusetts NA: Not Applicable NJ: New Jersey NOEC: No observed effect concentration NIOSH: National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

Commented [A17]: Other information related to the presence of component substance on other environmental listings such as SARA 311/312, SARA 313 TRI, CWA or CAA may also be included, but is not required..  If none are added delete the bullet 

 

Commented [A18]: Insert the SDS development/revision date.  Also designate a revision number (or new).  

Commented [A19]: Include abbreviations that were used in the SDS development.  Add or remove other acronyms as applicable. 

Page 12 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

NOx: Nitrogen oxides NTP: US National Toxicology Program OEL: Occupational Exposure Limit OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration PA: Pennsylvania Pa: Paschal PBT: Persistent, Toxic and Bioaccumulative PEL: Permissible exposure limit PPE: Personal Protective Equipment REL: Recommended exposure limit RI: Rhode Island RCS: Respirable Crystalline Silica RTK: Right-to-Know SARA: Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act SCBA: Self-contained breathing apparatus SDS: Safety Data Sheet STEL: Short-term exposure limit STOT-RE: Specific target organ toxicity-repeated exposure STOT-SE: Specific target organ toxicity-single exposure TLV: Threshold limit value TSCA: Toxic Substances Control Act TWA: Time-weighted average UEL: Upper explosive limit UVCB: Unknown or Variable Composition/Biological U.S.: United States U.S. DOT: United States of Department of Transportation vPvB: Very Persistent and Very Bioaccumulative

16.3 Other Hazards

CCP 1: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation) Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme)

Health: 1 Flammability: 0 Physical Hazards:

0 Personal protection:*

* Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed. See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 2: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Eye irritation Category 2A Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme)

Health: 2 Flammability: 0 Physical Hazards:

0 Personal protection:*

* Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed. See Section 8 for additional information.

Commented [A20]: Apply the HMIS ratings table that is applicable to the CCP classification as noted.   Delete the other HMIS tables and the CCP classifications reference at the top of the table. 

Page 13 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

CCP 3: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Carcinogen Category 1A

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme)

Health: 1* Flammability: 0 Physical Hazards:

0 Personal protection: **

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 4: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Eye irritation Category 2A, Carcinogen Category 1A

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme)

Health: 2* Flammability: 0 Physical Hazards:

0 Personal protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 5: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Carcinogen Category 1A, STOT-RE Category 12

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme)

Health: 2* Flammability: 0 Physical Hazards:

0 Personal protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

Page 14 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

CCP 6: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Carcinogen Category 1A STOT-RE Category 12, Eye Irritant Category 2A

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme)

Health: 2* Flammability: 0 Physical Hazards:

0 Personal protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 7: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Toxic to Reproduction Category 2 Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme)

Health: 1* Flammability: 0 Physical Hazards:

0 Personal protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information. CCP 8: STOT-SE Category 3, STOT-RE Category 12, Toxic to Reproduction Category 2,

Eye Irritation Category 2A Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme)

Health: 2* Flammability: 0 Physical Hazards:

0 Personal protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 9: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Carcinogen Category 1A Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme)

Health: 1* Flammability: 0 Physical Hazards:

0 Personal protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

Page 15 of 15

                       

Preparation Date: INSERT

INSERT LOGO INSERT PRODUCT NAME

SDS Number: 0.0 Revision Date: N/A

CCP 10: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Carcinogen Category 1A,

Eye Irritant Category 2A, Toxic to Reproduction Category 2 Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme)

Health: 2* Flammability: 0 Physical Hazards:

0 Personal protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information. CCP 11: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), STOT-RE Category 12,

Carcinogen Category 1A , Toxic to Reproduction Category 2 Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme)

Health: 1* Flammability: 0 Physical Hazards:

0 Personal protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

CCP 12: STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation), Eye Irritant Category 2A, STOT-RE Category 12, Carcinogen Category 1A, Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)

Degree of hazard (0= low, 4 = extreme)

Health: 2* Flammability: 0 Physical Hazards:

0 Personal protection:**

* Chronic Health Effects ** Appropriate personal protection is defined by the activity to be performed.

See Section 8 for additional information.

DISCLAIMER: This SDS has been prepared in accordance with the Hazard Communication Rule 29 CFR 1910.1200. Information herein is based on data considered to be accurate as of date prepared. No warranty or representation, express or implied, is made as to the accuracy or completeness of this data and safety information. No responsibility can be assumed for any damage or injury resulting from abnormal use, failure to adhere to recommended practices, or from any hazards inherent in the nature of the product.

Commented [A21]: Include a disclaimer at the end of your SDS. Prior to using the disclaimer provided, it should be reviewed by legal counsel. 

FINAL AUGUST 2018

APPENDIX C

CCP Compositions Summary Workbook

TABLE C‐1CCP CLASSIFICATIONSCCP COMPOSITIONS SUMMARY WORKBOOKCCP ACAA SDS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

Page 1 of 12

CCP 1 Composition*

CCP 2Composition*

CCP 3Composition*

CCP 4Composition*

CCP 5Composition*

CCP 6Composition*

CCP 7 Composition*

STOT‐SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

1. STOT‐SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

2. Eye Irritant Category 2A

1. STOT‐SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

2. Carcinogen Category 1A

1. STOT‐SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

2. Carcinogen Category 1A3. Eye Irritant Category 2A

1. STOT‐SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)2. STOT‐RE Category 1

3. Carcinogen Category 1A

1. STOT‐SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)2. STOT‐RE Category 1

3. Carcinogen Category 1A4. Eye Irritant Category 2A

1. STOT‐SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)2. Toxic to Reproduction 

Category 2

Silicon dioxide (SiO2); Silica, crystalline, cristobalite; Silica,  crystalline, quartz (SiO2)2 ≤36% ≤36% ≤36% ≤36% ≤36% ≤36% ≤36%

Silica, crystalline, respirable <0.1% <0.1% ≥0.1 but <1% ≥0.1 but <1% undetermined or ≥1% undetermined or ≥1% <0.1%

Aluminosilicates(Sum of reported Amorphous silicon dioxide and Aluminum oxide)

≤95% ≤95% ≤95% ≤95% ≤95% ≤95% ≤95%

Barium oxide (BaO) <1% <1% <1% <1% <1% <1% <1%

Calcium carbonate  <10% <10% <10% <10% <10% <10% <10%

Calcium oxide (CaO) total (free CaO) ≤20% (≤8%) >20 < 41% (>8 < 20%) ≤20% (≤8%) >20 < 41% (>8 < 20%) ≤20% (≤8%) >20 < 41% (>8 < 20%) ≤20% (≤8%)

Calcium Sulfate <12% <12% <12% <12% <12% <12% <12%

Carbon <6% <6% <6% <6% <6% <6% <6%

Iron oxide  ≤35% ≤35% ≤35% ≤35% ≤35% ≤35% ≤35%

Magnesium oxide (MgO) ≤5.87% ≤5.87% ≤5.87% ≤5.87% ≤5.87% ≤5.87% ≤5.87%

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) <1% <1% <1% <1% <1% <1% <1%

Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) ≤1% ≤1% ≤1% ≤1% ≤1% ≤1% ≤1%

Potassium oxide (K2O) ≤5% ≤5% ≤5% ≤5% ≤5% ≤5% ≤5%

Sodium oxide (Na2O) ≤1.82% ≤1.82% ≤1.82% ≤1.82% ≤1.82% ≤1.82% ≤1.82%

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) <5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5% <5%

Ammonium bisulfate ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01%

Ammonium sulfate ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01%

Bromide Salts (various) (including NaBr) <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% ≥0.1%

Chloride salts (various) ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2%

Halide salt (not further specified) ‐ Arising from As‐ Hgx (Novinda) ≤0.2% ≤0.2% ≤0.2% ≤0.2% ≤0.2% ≤0.2% ≤0.2%

Magnesium sulfate ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2%

Sodium sulfate ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2%

Loss on Ignition <6% <6% <6% <6% <6% <6% <6%

NOTES:* CCPs whose composition includes only these substances at or below the levels indicated would be considered to fall within this classification.

Substance/Classification

2018_0112_SDS Appendix C_updated_DF.xlsx JANUARY 2018

TABLE C‐1CCP CLASSIFICATIONSCCP COMPOSITIONS SUMMARY WORKBOOKCCP ACAA SDS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

Page 2 of 12

Silicon dioxide (SiO2); Silica, crystalline, cristobalite; Silica,  crystalline, quartz (SiO2)2

Silica, crystalline, respirable

Aluminosilicates(Sum of reported Amorphous silicon dioxide and Aluminum oxide)

Barium oxide (BaO)

Calcium carbonate 

Calcium oxide (CaO) total (free CaO)

Calcium Sulfate

Carbon

Iron oxide 

Magnesium oxide (MgO)

Manganese dioxide (MnO2)

Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)

Potassium oxide (K2O)

Sodium oxide (Na2O)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2)

Ammonium bisulfate

Ammonium sulfate

Bromide Salts (various) (including NaBr)

Chloride salts (various)

Halide salt (not further specified) ‐ Arising from As‐ Hgx (Novinda)

Magnesium sulfate

Sodium sulfate

Loss on Ignition

NOTES:* CCPs whose composition includes only these substances at or below the levels indicated would be considered to fall within this classification.

Substance/Classification

CCP 8 Composition*

CCP 9 Composition*

CCP 10 Composition*

CCP 11 Composition*

CCP 12 Composition*

1. STOT‐SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)2. Toxic to Reproduction 

Category 23. Eye Irritation Category 2A

1. STOT‐SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)2. Toxic to Reproduction 

Category 23. Carcinogen Category 1A

1. STOT‐SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)2. Toxic to Reproduction 

Category 23. Carcinogen Category 1A4. Eye Irritant Category 2A

1. STOT‐SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)2. Toxic to Reproduction 

Category 23. Carcinogen Category 1A4. STOT‐RE Category 1

1. STOT‐SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)2. Toxic to Reproduction 

Category 23. Carcinogen Category 1A4. Eye Irritant Category 2A5. STOT‐RE Category 1

Yes No 

≤36% ≤36% ≤36% ≤36% ≤36%If respirable fraction has NOT 

been determinedIf respirable fraction HAS been 

determined

<0.1% ≥0.1 but <1% ≥0.1 but <1% undetermined or ≥1% undetermined or ≥1% If known and ≥ 0.1% If below 0.1%

≤95% ≤95% ≤95% ≤95% ≤95% Yes

<1% <1% <1% <1% <1% If ≥1% If <1%

<10% <10% <10% <10% <10% Not required

>20 < 41% (>8 < 20%) ≤20% (≤8%) >20 < 41% (>8 < 20%) ≤20% (≤8%) >20 < 41% (>8 < 20%) If ≥1% If <1%

<12% <12% <12% <12% <12% Not required

<6% <6% <6% <6% <6% Not required

≤35% ≤35% ≤35% ≤35% ≤35% Not required

≤5.87% ≤5.87% ≤5.87% ≤5.87% ≤5.87% Not required

<1% <1% <1% <1% <1% If ≥1% If <1%

≤1% ≤1% ≤1% ≤1% ≤1% If ≥1% If <1%

≤5% ≤5% ≤5% ≤5% ≤5% If ≥1% If <1%

≤1.82% ≤1.82% ≤1.82% ≤1.82% ≤1.82% Not required

<5% <5% <5% <5% <5% Not required

≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% Not required

≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% ≤0.01% Not required

≥0.1% ≥0.1% ≥0.1% <0.1% ≥0.1% If ≥0.1% If <0.1%

≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% Not required

≤0.2% ≤0.2% ≤0.2% ≤0.2% ≤0.2% Not required

≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% If ≥1% If <1%

≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% ≤2% Not required

<6% <6% <6% <6% <6% Not required Not required

SDS Section 2 Disclosure 

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Compositional Summary Data Additives Disclose on SDS  Consider  for GHS ClassificationGHS Classification (ECHA Portal)

Chemical Composition Minimum % Maximum %   Minimum % Maximum %  Minimum % Maximum %  Anticipated levels %

Silicon dioxide (SiO2); Silica, crystalline, cristobalite; Silica,  crystalline, quartz (SiO2)1

2 17 0 15* 27.78 35.59Disclose if respirable fraction has 

not been determined

Yes, if no respiratory fraction has been determined it is recommended that a classification of  STOT‐RE Category 1 and Carcinogen Category 1A be assigned to the CCP based 

on the potential presence of the respiratory fraction.

 Quartz (SiO2) CAS# 14808‐60‐7 ‐ No Harmonized Classification‐ Majority of notifiers note this as Not Classified‐ Some notifiers site a STOT‐RE Category 1 or STOT‐RE Category 2 classification7

Crystalline silica CAS# 1317‐95‐9‐ No harmonized classification‐ Many notifiers classified as STOT RE‐27

Cristobalite CAS# 14464‐46‐1‐ No harmonized classification‐ Many notifiers classified as STOT‐RE 1 or as a Carc 1A or Carc 2 or STOT‐RE 27

Silica, crystalline respirable (RCS) <4 <4Disclose if  ≥0.1%

Yes, if available

No Harmonized Classification

RCS is classified as a STOT‐RE Category 1 (Lung effects) based on available data and as a Carcinogen Category 1A based on OSHA's recently generated Respirable Crystalline Silica Rule.

Disclosure is required at levels of ≥0.1%

Aluminosilicate glass (mullite ‐  Mullite (Al6O5(SiO4)2)1302‐93‐8)(Combination of Amorphous silica and Aluminum oxide)

<35 95 65 95 25 70 <0.55Disclose

Available toxicological test data indicates that this substance will not result in additional hazard classifications 

for CCPs at the typical levels identified.

No Harmonized ClassificationClassified as skin/eye 2

Amorphous Silica with CAS# 112945‐52‐5‐ 791 notifiers classified as Skin Irrit‐Category 2, Eye Irrit Category 2 and STOT SE‐3 (respiratory irritation) ‐ 687 notifiers indicated Not Classified

Mullite ‐ Most notified indicated Not Classified

Barium oxide (BaO) 0.08 < 1.0 Not required No

No Harmonized Classification‐ Most notifiers indicated an Acute Tox 4 Classification‐ oral/inhalation

‐ A search of data related to the toxicity of barium oxide did not identify any Acute toxicity data.  This substance would not require disclosure.Note: If all acute toxicants in the product were present at their maximum level, no classification would be prescribed to the final product

Calcium carbonate  0 10 Not required NoNo Harmonized ClassificationNot classified

Calcium oxide (CaO) 1 30 0 20 0 41.19 <12Disclose

Yes

No Harmonized Classification‐ 500 notifiers classified as Skin Irrit‐2, Eye Damage 1 and STOT‐SE 3 (respiratory irritation)‐ 355 classified as Acute Tox 4‐Oral, Skin Corr 1C and Eye Damage 1

Note:  If all acute toxicants in the product were present at their maximum leve, no classification would be prescribed to the final product

CFBC AshFly Ash Bottom Ash

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Compositional Summary Data Additives Disclose on SDS  Consider  for GHS ClassificationGHS Classification (ECHA Portal)

Chemical Composition Minimum % Maximum %   Minimum % Maximum %  Minimum % Maximum %  Anticipated levels %

CFBC AshFly Ash Bottom Ash

Calcium sulfate2 0.62 5.87 1.31 1.51 1‐2 Not required NoNo Harmonized Classification‐ Most Notifiers indicated Not Classified

Carbon <2 <6 0.06‐2 NA No Not applicable

Iron minerals (Fe2O3, Fe3O4)3 3.57 35 2 35 1.19 7.69 Not required No

No Harmonized Classification ‐ Most notifiers of Iron Oxide (CAS# 1309‐37‐1) indicated Not Classified 

 ‐ Most notifiers of oxides listed under CAS# 1317‐61‐9, CAS# 1345‐25‐1, and CAS# 1332‐37‐2 indicated Not Classified

Magnesium oxide (MgO) 0.62 5.87 1 4 0.41 1.51 1‐2 Not required NoNo Harmonized Classification‐ Most Notifiers indicated Not Classified

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) < 1.0 Disclose if present at ≥1% No

Harmonized Classification = Acute tox 4 Oral/Inhal

Note: If all acute toxicants in the product were present at their maximum leve, no classification would be prescribed to the final product

Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) 0.45 1 Disclose if present at ≥1%Available toxicological test data indicates that this 

substance will not result in additional hazard classifications for CCPs at the typical levels identified.

Harmonized Classification = Skin Corr 1A

Potassium oxide (K2O) 0.56 5 1 5 0.42 0.7 Disclose if present at ≥1%Available toxicological test data indicates that this 

substance will not result in additional hazard classifications for CCPs at the typical levels identified.

No Harmonized Classification‐ Most notifiers indicated some degree of skin/eye irritation or corrosion ‐ Approximately 1/3 of notifers (131) indicated Not Classified.

Sodium oxide (Na2O) 0.26 1.82 0.8 1.7 0.29 0.53 Not required NoNo Harmonized Classification‐ Most Notifiers indicated Not Classified

Strontium oxide (SrO)8 < 1.0 Not required NoNo Harmonized Classification‐ Most notifiers classified as a Skin Corr 1B

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 0.8 2.5 0.8  2.5 2.65 4.93 0.02 Not required NoNo Harmonized Classification‐ Most Notifiers indicated Not Classified

Sulfur trioxide (SO3)4 0.09 1.7 0.3 1.3 4.21 10.13 Not required No Not considered present in final product.  See footnote 4

Chlorine5 0.05 0.15 Not required No Not considered present in final product.  See footnote 5

Ammonium bisulfate <0.01 Not required No

From additives

No Harmonized Classification‐ Approximately 60% of notifiers indicated Not Classified‐ Approximately 40% indicate some degree of Skin/eye irritation/corrosion

Based on low level of addtive usage no disclosure is recommended.

Ammonum sulfate <0.01 Not required No

From additives

No Harmonized Classification‐ Most Notifiers indicated Not Classified

Based on low level of addtive usage no disclosure is recommended.

Bromide Salts (various)(including NaBr)

1‐2.1 Disclose at ≥0.1% Yes if >0.1%

From additives

No Harmonized Classification‐ Sodium bromide   ‐ Most Notifiers classified as Repro 1B

See 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendix A, A.0.4.2 ‐ Reprotoxic agents present at 0.1% or greater as referenced in A.6 will result in the classification of a finished product. So althought  per the OSHA fact sheet, reprotoxic agents do not require disclosure until 1%, however,  it is recommended that this substance be disclosed and considered for classification at levels above 0.1%

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Compositional Summary Data Additives Disclose on SDS  Consider  for GHS ClassificationGHS Classification (ECHA Portal)

Chemical Composition Minimum % Maximum %   Minimum % Maximum %  Minimum % Maximum %  Anticipated levels %

CFBC AshFly Ash Bottom Ash

Chloride salts (various) 1‐2 Not required No

From additives

No Harmonized Classifications for Inorganic chloride salts were identified.  ‐ Based on read across to NaCL wihich notifers indicated as Not Classified, no classification of chloride salts is assigned.

Halide salt (not further specified) 0.04‐0.2 Not required No

From additives

 ‐ Specific halide salt not defined on supplier SDS  ‐ SDS does not indicate the tpye of halide salt ‐ Based on lack of disclosure/classification of halide salts on supplier SDS, further consideration is not required.

Magnesium sulfate 1‐2 Disclose if present at ≥1% No

From additives

No Harmonized Classification‐ 747 notifiers classified as Acute Tox 4‐oral/inhalation/dermal‐ 618 notifiers classified as Not Classified

Note: If all acute toxicants in the product were present at their maximum level, no classification would be prescribed to the final product

Sodium sulfate 1‐2 Not required No

From additives

No Harmonized Classification‐ Most Notifiers indicated Not Classified

Notes:

ASTM C 618 ‐ ASTM C618‐12a, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012, www.astm.org.

CAS ‐ Chemical Abstracts Service.

CFB ‐ Circulating Fluidized Bed.

NA ‐ Not Applicable/Not Available.1 For purposes of this evaluation the various forms of crystalline silica were considered the same substance.2 For purposes of this evaluation Calcium sulfate, Calcium sulfate dihydrate and calcium sulfate gypsum were considered the same substance.3 Includes iron oxide as well.4 As Sulfur trioxide exists at room temperature either as a gas or a volatile liquid it is not anticipated to affect the final product classification or to be present in the final formulation at levels requiring disclosure on the SDS.5 Chlorine does not exist free in nature and therefore it is not being further considered in this project.  6 This level would be for FBC only.7 The percentage of respirable free silica was not indicated.  Ths classification is likely applicable to the respirable content of the crystalline silica.8 Based on disucssions with ACAA members, Strontium oxide would not be present in the finished product and is not considered further.

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TABLE C‐3FLY ASHCCP COMPOSITIONS SUMMARY WORKBOOKCCP ACAA SDS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

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Fly Ash Chemical Composition Data (Percent)

Source Single Component Data

Chemical Composition CAS#Class C Fly AshASTM C 618

Class F Fly AshASTM C 618

Pulverised Fuel Ash/Fly Ash and Furnace Bottom Ash (FBA) report, 

UKQA

Crystalline Silica AnalysisFly Ash ‐ Western Subbituminous

Fly Ash ‐ Eastern Bituminous

Fly Ash ‐ Low S (<0.4%) Western

Bituminous

Fly Ash ‐ NISTMeasured

Fly Ash ‐ NISTCertified

Aluminosilicates(Sum of reported Amorphous silicon dioxide and Aluminum oxide)

≥50* ≥70* 72‐83 89.22 85.49 85.77 78.47 77.76

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 1309‐37‐1 7‐11 3.57 5.54 4.53 11.14 11.11

Silicon dioxide (SiO2); Silica, crystalline, cristobalite; Silica,  crystalline, quartz (SiO2)2

14464‐46‐114808‐60‐7

1.82‐16.8

Silica, crystalline, respirable 0.97‐3.52

Calcium oxide (CaO) (also known as free lime) 1305‐78‐8 1‐5 2.87 1.23 3.79 2.01 2.11

Carbon 7440‐44‐0

Magnesium oxide (MgO) 1309‐48‐4 1‐4 0.62 1.04 1.08 0.77 0.8

Potassium oxide (K2O) 12136‐45‐7 1‐5 0.71 2.81 1.13 2.28 2.35

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 13463‐67‐7 0.8‐1.1 0.86 1.52 1.15 1.28 1.32

Sodium oxide (Na2O) 1313‐59‐3 0.8‐1.7 1.1 0.26 1.5 0.24 0.27

Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) 1314‐56‐3 0.37 0.56 0.45 1.08 0.53

Barium oxide (BaO) 1304‐28‐5 0.15 0.15 0.24 0.08 0.08

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) 1313‐13‐9

Strontium oxide (SrO) 1314‐11‐0

Sulfur trioxide (SO3)** 7446‐11‐9 ≤ 5 ≤ 5 0.3‐1.3

Chlorine*** 7782‐50‐5 0.05‐0.15

NOTES: ASTM C 618 ‐ ASTM C618‐12a, Standard Specifica on for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, ASTM Interna onal,West Conshohocken, PA, 2012, www.astm.org.

CAS ‐ Chemical Abstracts Service.1 For purposes of this evaluation amorphous silica and silica fumes amorphous are considered the same substance.2 For purposes of this evaluation the various forms of crystalline silica were considered the same substance.3 For purposes of this evaluation Calcium sulfate, Calcium sulfate dihydrate and calcium sulfate gypsum were considered the same substance.* Includes iron oxide as well.** As Sulfur trioxide exists at room temperature either as a gas or a volatile liquid it is not anticipated to affect the final product classification or to be present in the final formulation at levels requiring disclosure on the SDS.***Chlorine does not exist free in nature and therefore it is not being further considered in this project.  

Standards/References EPRI Reports

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Fly Ash Chemical Composition Data (Percent)

Source

Chemical Composition CAS#

Aluminosilicates(Sum of reported Amorphous silicon dioxide and Aluminum oxide)Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 1309‐37‐1

Silicon dioxide (SiO2); Silica, crystalline, cristobalite; Silica,  crystalline, quartz (SiO2)2

14464‐46‐114808‐60‐7

Silica, crystalline, respirable

Calcium oxide (CaO) (also known as free lime) 1305‐78‐8

Carbon 7440‐44‐0

Magnesium oxide (MgO) 1309‐48‐4

Potassium oxide (K2O) 12136‐45‐7

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 13463‐67‐7

Sodium oxide (Na2O) 1313‐59‐3

Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) 1314‐56‐3

Barium oxide (BaO) 1304‐28‐5

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) 1313‐13‐9

Strontium oxide (SrO) 1314‐11‐0

Sulfur trioxide (SO3)** 7446‐11‐9

Chlorine*** 7782‐50‐5

Fly Ash SDS Fly Ash SDS Fly Ash SDS Fly Ash SDSFly Ash/ASTM Class C SDS

Class C Fly Ash SDS

Fly Ash C/FSDS

Fly Ash/ASTM Class FSDS

Class F Fly AshSDS

If declared Minimum % 

If declared Maximum % 

Number of Sources(out of 14)

>65 75‐90 59.7 60.53‐90.10* 50‐90 <35‐51 50‐95 85‐95 <55‐74 <35 95 14

15‐35 4‐7 5.8 5.27‐13.57 <5 4‐7 <1‐5 <5 5‐9 3.57 35 14

2‐10 5‐10 <17  5‐10 <10 <17 2 17 6

<4 <4 <4 <4 2

2‐12 3‐6 22.9 1.15‐25.82 <30 25‐30 <1‐30 1‐14 1 30 13

<2 <6 <2 <6 1

4.9 0.62‐5.87 0.62 5.87 6

< 1.0 0.56‐2.58 0.56 5 6

≤ 2.5 1.4 0.8 2.5 6

1.8 0.30‐1.82 0.26 1.82 6

1 0.45 1 5

< 1.0 0.08 < 1.0 5

< 1.0 < 1.0 1

< 1.0 < 1.0 1

< 1.0 0.09‐1.70 0.09 1.70 2

Fly Ash SDSs Summary

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Fly Ash Chemical Composition Data(Percent)

SourcePulverised Fuel Ash/Fly Ash and Furnace Bottom 

Ash (FBA), UKQABottom Ash SDS

Bottom AshSDS

 Minimum %  Maximum % Count

(out of 3)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2)Silica, crystalline, cristobaliteSilica,  crystalline, quartz (SiO2)2

14464‐46‐114808‐60‐7

45‐51 0‐15 2‐12 0 15* 3

Iron oxide (Fe2O3) 1309‐37‐1 7‐11 2‐12 15‐35 2 35 3

Aluminosilicate glass (Sum of reported Amorphous silicon dioxide and Aluminum oxide)

70‐95 65‐100 65 100 2

Calcium oxide (CaO) 1305‐78‐8 1‐5 0‐20 2‐12 0 20 3

Magnesium oxide (MgO) 1309‐48‐4 1‐4 1 4 1

Potassium oxide (K2O) 12136‐45‐7 1‐5 1 5 1

Sodium oxide (Na2O) 1313‐59‐3 0.8‐1.7 0.8 1.7 1

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 13463‐67‐7 0.8‐1.1 ≤ 2.5 0.8  2.5 2

Sulfur trioxide (SO3)* 7446‐11‐9 0.3‐1.3 0.3 1.3 1

Chlorine** 7782‐50‐5 0.05‐0.15 0.05 0.15 1

NOTES:ASTM C 618 ‐ ASTM C618‐12a, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012, www.astm.org.

CAS ‐ Chemical Abstracts Service.

* Values from the UK evaluation were not considered when assigning a maximum level as this does not appear to be representative of bottom ash generated in the US.

** As Sulfur trioxide exists at room temperature either as a gas or a volatile liquid it is not anticipated to affect the final product classification or to be present in the final formulation at levels requiring disclosure on the SDS.

** Chlorine does not exist free in nature and therefore it is not being further considered in this project.  

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TABLE C‐5CFB ASHCCP COMPOSITIONS SUMMARY WORKBOOKCCP ACAA SDS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

Page 9 of 12

Chemical Composition CAS#

CFBC fly ash (co‐firing coal and high‐sulphur 

petroleum coke with limestone as SO2 sorbent)

Sheng et al, 2007

Fluidized Bed Fly Ash CFB Boiler Bed Ash

Fluidized Bed Combustion Fly Ash 1 

(230390/T2)ECHA

Fluidized Bed Combustion Fly Ash 1 

(230390/T1)ECHA

Minimum % Maximum % Count

(out of 5)

Silicon dioxide (SiO2); Silica, crystalline, cristobalite; Silica,  crystalline, quartz (SiO2)2

14464‐46‐114808‐60‐7

Not Determined Not Determined 27.78 35.59 27.78 35.59 2

Silica, crystalline, respirable Not Determined Not Determined NA NA

Aluminosilicates (clays, dehydroxylated) 27.38 ‐ 47.24 60‐70 25‐35 25 70 3

Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) 11.16 20.88 11.16 20.88 2

Calcium carbonate  1317‐65‐3 0‐10 Not listed 0 10 1

Calcium oxide (CaO) 1305‐78‐8 22‐41.19 0‐10 15‐35 35.65 19.46 0 41.19 5

Calcium Oxide (CaO)‐Free 19.91 8.41 8.41 19.91 2***

Iron minerals, Iron mineral dusts (Fe2O3, Fe3O4) 1.19‐2.32 2‐5 2‐5 5.98 7.69 1.19 7.69 5

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) 2.65 4.93 2.65 4.93 2

Magnesium oxide (MgO) 1309‐48‐4 1.13‐1.51 0.44 0.41 0.41 1.51 3

Potassium oxide (K2O) 12136‐45‐7 0.45‐0.70 0.42 0.43 0.42 0.7 3

Sodium oxide (Na2O) 1313‐59‐3 0.29‐0.39 0.25 0.53 0.25 0.53 3

Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) 1314‐56‐3 0.38 0.4 0.38 0.4 2

Carbon dioxide (CO2) 0.5 1.11 0.5 1.11 2

Sulfur trioxide (SO3)** 7446‐11‐9 4.21‐10.13 2.84 6.89 0 0 3

NOTES:ASTM C 618 ‐ ASTM C618‐12a, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012, www.astm.org.CAS ‐ Chemical Abstracts Service.CFB ‐ Circulating Fluidized Bed.

*** not disclosed on available SDS or in Sheng publication1Composition tested (FBC/230309/T2):  SiO2 ‐ 27,78%, Fe2O3 ‐ 5,98%, CaO (total) ‐ 35,65%, Na2O ‐ 0,25%, P2O5 ‐ 0,38%, CO2 ‐ 0,5%, CaO (free) ‐ 19,91%, Al2O3 ‐ 11,16%, TiO2 ‐ 2,65%, MgO ‐ 0,44%, K2O ‐ 0,42%, SO3 (sulphate) ‐ 2,84%2Composition tested (FBC/230309/T1):  SiO2 ‐ 35,59%, Fe2O3 ‐ 7,69%, CaO (total) ‐ 19,46%, Na2O ‐ 0,53%, P2O5 ‐ 0,4%, CO2 ‐ 1,11%, CaO (free) ‐ 8,41%, Al2O3 ‐ 20,88%, TiO2 ‐ 4,93%, MgO ‐ 0,41%, K2O ‐ 0,43%, SO3 (sulphate) ‐ 6,89%

** as information regarding the presence of SO2 in the final product came from an EU source and that it exists at room temperature either as a gas or a volatile liquid it is not anticipated  to be present in the final

2018_0112_SDS Appendix C_updated_DF.xlsx JANUARY 2018

TABLE C‐6POLLUTION CONTROL ADDITIVESCCP COMPOSITIONS SUMMARY WORKBOOKCCP ACAA SDS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

Page 10 of 12

AdditiveComponent level (if appropriate)

Use LevelSubstance in Final 

ProductAdditive Value for Final 

CompositionComments 

Ammonium sulfate <0.01%Ammonium bisulfate <0.01%

Calcium bromide 7789‐41‐3 1‐2% Various Bromide salts 1‐2% total bromide saltsAt or below this use level, no significant impact on final Ash classification will occur, nor is 

disclosure on the SDS required.

Calcium oxide <10%

Calcium sulfate <10%

Calcium chloride 1‐2% Various Chloride salts 1‐2% total chloride saltsAt or below this use level, no significant impact on final Ash classification will occur, nor is 

disclosure on the SDS required.

Calcium hydroxide 1305‐62‐0 1‐2% 1‐2%

Calcium oxide 1305‐78‐8 1‐2% 1‐2%

calcium sulfate 13397‐24‐5 1‐2% 1‐2%At or below this use level, no significant impact on final Ash classification will occur, nor is 

disclosure on the SDS required.

Calcium sulfite 10257‐55‐3 1‐2% 1‐2%At or below this use level, no significant impact on final Ash classification will occur, nor is 

disclosure on the SDS required.

0.06‐2% Carbon carbon 0.06‐2%

0.04‐0.2% Halide salt halide salt 0.04‐0.2%

Magnesium carbonate 1‐2% 1‐2%

Magnesium hydroxide 1309‐42‐8 1‐2%

Magnesium oxide 1309‐48‐4 1‐2%

Potential Additives/Resulting Product ‐ Potential Levels 

Activated carbon  (halogenated or non‐halogenated)Trade names)‐ PowerPAC Premium®, PowerPAC Premium Plus™, FastPAC Premium™, FastPAC Premium ‐80™

At or below this use level, no significant impact on final Ash classification will occur, nor is disclosure on the SDS required.

1‐2%

Overall presence of CaO will need to be evaluated for final product classification and disclosure on SDS

This represents both halogenated and unhalogenated powdered carbon sorbents .  The actual halide salt was not provided.

At or below this use level, no significant impact on final Ash classification will occur, nor is disclosure on the SDS required.

Ammonia 7664‐41‐7 600 ppm

Calcium carbonate 10%Specific to FBC only

Overall presence of CaO will need to be evaluated for final product classification and disclosure on SDS

1‐2%

Expensive substances so they are generally not injected directly, is also found as a contaminant in natural lime.

At or below this use level, no significant impact on final Ash classification will occur, nor is disclosure on the SDS required.

Calcium oxide

calcium sulfate

Magnesium oxide

2018_0112_SDS Appendix C_updated_DF.xlsx JANUARY 2018

TABLE C‐6POLLUTION CONTROL ADDITIVESCCP COMPOSITIONS SUMMARY WORKBOOKCCP ACAA SDS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

Page 11 of 12

AdditiveComponent level (if appropriate)

Use LevelSubstance in Final 

ProductAdditive Value for Final 

CompositionComments 

Potential Additives/Resulting Product ‐ Potential Levels 

Magnesium sulfate 1‐2% Magnesium sulfate 1‐2%Expensive so not injected directly, is also found as a contaminant in natural lime

At or below this use level, no significant impact on final Ash classification will occur, nor is disclosure on the SDS required.

Sodium bicarbonate 144‐55‐8 (In mineral form: Trona)

1‐2% 1‐2%

Sodium carbonate 497‐19‐8 (In mineral form: Trona)

1‐2% 1‐2%

0.03‐0.05% trade secret) Unknown 0.03‐0.05%

<0.05% silica Amorphous silica <0.05% 

50% Kaolin Aluminosilicates 0.50%1‐2% TiO2 TiO2 0.02%2‐10 % NaBr Bromide Salts 0.10%5‐40% Carbon Carbon 0.40%

NOTES:Source: EPRI, 2008. Impact of Air Emissions Controls on Coal Combustion Products and ACAA member companies.

X (SO3 control) below this use level, no significant impact on final Ash classification will occur, nor is disclosure on the SDS required.

At or below this use level, no significant impact on final Ash classification will occur, nor is disclosure on the SDS required.

At or below this use level, no significant impact on final Ash classification will occur, nor is disclosure on the SDS required.

Mercury Sorbent HX600 series (BASF)

1%

1%

Sodium sulfate

Amended clayTrade name: As‐Hgx  (Novinda)

2018_0112_SDS Appendix C_updated_DF.xlsx JANUARY 2018

TABLE C‐7REFERENCESCCP COMPOSITIONS SUMMARY WORKBOOKCCP ACAA SDS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT

Page 12 of 12

Source  Notes

EPRI, 1993. Fly Ash Exposure in Coal‐Fired Power Plants No composition data found, mostly air data

EPRI, 2008. Computer‐Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (CCSEM) Investigation of Respirable Quartz in Air Samples Collected During Power Plant Maintenance Activities

Table 4‐1 has some CCSEM method weight and volume data for quarts and SI‐Rich glass

EPRI, 2010. Comparison of Coal Combustion Products to Other Common Materials

Primarily elemental analysis ‐ Page 3‐1‐  Fly ash and bottom ash are most similar in bulk chemical composition to siliceous rocks, and the greatest similarity is observed between fly ash and bottom ash and rocks such as volcanic ash and shale (Figure 3‐1). The overall chemical composition of coal ash resembles that of siliceous rocks from which it was derived, particularly shale. Oxides of silicon, aluminum, iron, and calcium make up more than 90% of most siliceous rocks, soils, fly ash, and bottom ash. Other major and minor elements (sulfur, sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium) make up an additional 8%, while trace constituents account for less than 1%.

EPRI, 2011. Composition and Leaching of FGD Gypsum and Mined GypsumI think this is elemental analysis. This has some % taken from the median concentrations ‐ "The 32 samples analyzed were all greater than 90% calcium sulfate dihydrate. Median Ca and S concentrations in the FGD gypsum were 23.7% and 18.8%, respectively. Median concentrations for all other constituents were less than 0.1%.

EPRI, 2006. Potential Health Effects of Crystalline Silica Exposures fromCoal Fly Ash: A Literature Review

No composition data found

United Kingdom Quality Ash Association. 2011.  Technical Datasheet 9.0. COSHH – Safety Data Sheet for PFA/Fly Ash and FBA (including Cenospheres

Composition data

Sheng G, Zhai J, Li Q, Li F. 2007. Utilization of fly ash coming from a CFBC boiler co‐firing coal and petroleum coke in Portland Cement. FUEL 86 (2007) 2625‐2631

Composition data

SDS from various ACAA member companies Confidential formulary information

ASTM International.  2012. Standard 618‐12a: Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete. February 12, 2012.

Composition data

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2010a. REACH Registration Dossier for Ashes (residues), coal. http://apps.echa.europa.eu/registered/data/dossiers/DISS‐a000ebe7‐e6d4‐0933‐e044‐00144f67d031/DISS‐a000ebe7‐e6d4‐0933‐e044‐00144f67d031_DISS‐a000ebe7‐e6d4‐0933‐e044‐00144f67d031.html. Accessed April 17, 2015

Composition data

European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 2010b. REACH Registration Dossier for FBC Ash (residues of coal combustion in fluidized bed boilers. http://apps.echa.europa.eu/registered/data/dossiers/DISS‐97d85c15‐4762‐3e07‐e044‐00144f67d031/DISS‐97d85c15‐4762‐3e07‐e044‐00144f67d031_DISS‐97d85c15‐4762‐3e07‐e044‐00144f67d031.html. Accessed April 25, 2015.

Composition data

2018_0112_SDS Appendix C_updated_DF.xlsx JANUARY 2018

FINAL AUGUST 2018

APPENDIX D

CCP Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Section 2 Data

Appendix D CCP Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Section 2 Data

CCP SDS Section 2 Data Page 1 of 9 Preparation Date: 2018-01-12

This Appendix details the information to be populated into Section 2 of the SDS template (Appendix B) for CCPs that meet the compositional requirements of a typical CCP, as summarized in Table 1 of the SDS Guidance document. Section 2 lists the final product hazard classification per 29CFR 1910.1200 (Appendix A and B) as well as the pictogram(s), signal word, and hazard and precautionary statements associated with the identified hazards of the CCP, as specified Appendix C of the rule. Unique data tables to be pasted into a member company SDS are provided for each identified typical CCPs classification; these classifications are summarized in Table 7 of the Guidance Document. 1 Note: Should a CCP composition not conform to that of a typical CCP, as specified in Table 1 of the Guidance Document, the information required for disclosure in Section 2 of the SDS will need to be evaluated to identify applicable components. Section 2 data for non-typical CCPs may vary from the information provided here.

CCP 1 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal Word: Warning

Hazard Statement(s):

May cause respiratory irritation.

Precautionary Statement(s):

Avoid breathing dust. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

1 The asterisk present in each table is associated with the table footnote provided in Appendix B of the Guidance Document.

CCP SDS Section 2 Data Page 2 of 9 Preparation Date: 2018-01-12

CCP 2 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Eye Irritant Category 2A

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal Word: Warning

Hazard Statement(s):

May cause respiratory irritation. Causes serious eye irritation.

Precautionary Statement(s):

Avoid breathing dust. Wear eye protection. Wash thoroughly after handling. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists, get medical advice/attention. Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

CCP 3 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal Word: Danger

Hazard Statement(s):

May cause respiratory irritation. May cause cancer of the lung.

Precautionary Statement(s):

Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Avoid breathing dust. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

CCP SDS Section 2 Data Page 3 of 9 Preparation Date: 2018-01-12

CCP 4 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• Eye Irritant Category 2A

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal Word: Danger

Hazard Statement(s):

May cause respiratory irritation. May cause cancer of the lung. Causes serious eye irritation.

Precautionary Statement(s):

Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Avoid breathing dust. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Wash thoroughly after handling. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists, get medical advice/attention. If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

CCP 5

• STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• STOT-RE Category 1 (Lungs)

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal Word: Danger

Hazard Statement(s):

May cause respiratory irritation. May cause cancer of the lung. May cause damage to lungs after repeated/prolonged exposure via inhalation.

Precautionary Statement(s):

Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Do not breathe dust. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Do not eat drink or smoke when using this product. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

CCP SDS Section 2 Data Page 4 of 9 Preparation Date: 2018-01-12

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

CCP 6 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• STOT-RE Category 1 (Lungs)

• Eye Irritant Category 2A

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal Word: Danger

Hazard Statement(s):

May cause respiratory irritation. May cause cancer of the lung. May cause damage to lungs after repeated/prolonged exposure via inhalation. Causes serious eye irritation.

Precautionary Statement(s):

Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Do not breathe dust. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Wash thoroughly after handling. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Do not eat drink or smoke when using this product. If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists, get medical advice/attention. If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

CCP SDS Section 2 Data Page 5 of 9 Preparation Date: 2018-01-12

CCP 7 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal Word: Warning

Hazard Statement(s):

May cause respiratory irritation. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.

Precautionary Statement(s):

Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection. Do not breath dust. Wash thoroughly after handling. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

CCP 8 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Eye Irritant Category 2A

• Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal Word: Warning

Hazard Statement(s):

May cause respiratory irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.

CCP SDS Section 2 Data Page 6 of 9 Preparation Date: 2018-01-12

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Precautionary Statement(s):

Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection. Wash thoroughly after handling. Avoid breathing dust. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists, get medical advice/attention. If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

CCP 9

• STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal Word: Danger

Hazard Statement(s):

May cause respiratory irritation. May cause cancer of the lung. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.

Precautionary Statement(s):

Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Wash thoroughly after handling. Avoid breathing dust. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

CCP SDS Section 2 Data Page 7 of 9 Preparation Date: 2018-01-12

CCP 10 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• Eye Irritant Category 2A

• Toxic to Reproduction, Category 2

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal Word: Danger

Hazard Statement(s):

May cause respiratory irritation. May cause cancer of the lung. Causes serious eye irritation. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.

Precautionary Statement(s):

Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Avoid breathing dust. Wash thoroughly after handling. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists, get medical advice/attention. If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

CCP SDS Section 2 Data Page 8 of 9 Preparation Date: 2018-01-12

CCP 11 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• STOT-RE Category 1 (Lungs)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal Word: Danger

Hazard Statement(s):

May cause respiratory irritation. May cause damage to lungs after repeated/prolonged exposure via inhalation. May cause cancer of the lung. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.

Precautionary Statement(s):

Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Do not breathe dust. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not eat drink or smoke when using this product. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

CCP SDS Section 2 Data Page 9 of 9 Preparation Date: 2018-01-12

CCP 12 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• STOT-RE Category 1 (Lungs)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• Eye Irritant Category 2A

• Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Labelling according to 29 CFR 1910.1200 Appendices A, B and C*

Hazard Pictogram(s):

Signal Word: Danger

Hazard Statement(s):

May cause respiratory irritation. May cause damage to lungs after repeated/prolonged exposure via inhalation. May cause cancer of the lungs. Causes serious eye irritation. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.

Precautionary Statement(s):

Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Do not breathe dust. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not eat drink or smoke when using this product. Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. If inhaled: Remove to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing. If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists, get medical advice/attention. If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. Store in a secure area. Dispose of product in accordance with local/national regulations.

FINAL AUGUST 2018

APPENDIX E

CCP Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Section 11 Data

Appendix E CCP Safety Data Sheet (SDS) Section 11 Data

CCP SDS Section 11 Data Page 1 of 12 Preparation Date: 2015-09-09

This Appendix details the information to be populated into Section 11 of the SDS template (Appendix B of this Guidance) for CCPs that meet the compositional requirements of a typical CCP as summarized in Table 1 of the SDS Guidance document. The data required is dependent on the hazard classification(s) of the CCP as defined in Table 7 of the Guidance document. The toxicological and health effects information available on the CCP, analogue substances, or its disclosable components shall be included in Section 11 of the SDS. Where information is not available on the product (CCP), is data is noted as not available. Note: Should a CCP composition not conform to that of a typical CCP, as specified in Table 1 of the Guidance Document, the information required for disclosure in Section 11 of the SDS will need to be evaluated to identify applicable data. Information to be included in Section 11 for non-typical CCPs may vary from the information provided here.

CCP 1 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L

Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria, but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight, reversible eye irritation.

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer.

Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in-vitro and in-vivo assays with or without metabolic activation.

Carcinogenicity Not available.

Reproductive toxicity Does not meet classification criteria. No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure

CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure

Does not meet classification criteria. In a 180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested (NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3).

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form.

CCP SDS Section 11 Data Page 2 of 12 Preparation Date: 2015-09-09

CCP 2 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Eye Irritant Category 2A

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L

Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Causes serious damage to eyes. Positive scores for conjunctiva irritation and chemosis in 2/3 animals based on average of 24, 48 and 72-hour scores with irritation clearing within 21 days; No corneal or iritis effects observed.

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer.

Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in-vitro and in-vivo assays with or without metabolic activation.

Carcinogenicity Not available.

Reproductive toxicity Does not meet classification criteria. No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure

CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure

Does not meet classification criteria. In a 180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested (NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3).

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form.

CCP SDS Section 11 Data Page 3 of 12 Preparation Date: 2015-09-09

CCP 3 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L

Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight, reversible eye irritation.

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer.

Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in-vitro and in-vivo assays with or without metabolic activation.

Carcinogenicity Not available. Respirable crystalline silica has been identified as a carcinogen by OSHA, NTP and IARC.

Reproductive toxicity Does not meet classification criteria. No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure

CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure

Does not meet classification criteria. In a 180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested (NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3).

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form.

CCP SDS Section 11 Data Page 4 of 12 Preparation Date: 2015-09-09

CCP 4 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• Eye Irritant Category 2A

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L

Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Causes serious damage to eyes. Positive scores for conjunctiva irritation and chemosis in 2/3 animals based on average of 24, 48 and 72-hour scores with irritation clearing within 21 days; No corneal or iritis effects observed.

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer.

Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in-vitro and in-vivo assays with or without metabolic activation.

Carcinogenicity Not available. Respirable crystalline silica has been identified as a carcinogen by OSHA, NTP and IARC.

Reproductive toxicity Does not meet classification criteria. No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure

CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure

Does not meet classification criteria. In a 180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested (NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3).

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form.

CCP SDS Section 11 Data Page 5 of 12 Preparation Date: 2015-09-09

CCP 5 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• STOT-RE Category 1 (Lungs)

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L

Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight, reversible eye irritation.

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer.

Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in-vitro and in-vivo assays with or without metabolic activation.

Carcinogenicity Not available. Respirable crystalline silica has been identified as a carcinogen by OSHA, NTP and IARC.

Reproductive toxicity Does not meet classification criteria. No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure

CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure

In a 180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested. NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3; it is not possible to assess the level at which toxicologically significant effects may occur. Repeated inhalation exposures to high levels of respirable crystalline silica may result in lung damage (i.e., silicosis).

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form.

CCP SDS Section 11 Data Page 6 of 12 Preparation Date: 2015-09-09

CCP 6 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• STOT-RE Category 1 (Lungs)

• Eye Irritant Category 2A

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L

Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Causes serious eye damage. Positive scores for conjunctiva irritation and chemosis in 2/3 animals based on average of 24, 48 and 72-hour scores with irritation clearing within 21 days; No corneal or iritis effects observed.

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer.

Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in-vitro and in-vivo assays with or without metabolic activation.

Carcinogenicity Not available. Respirable crystalline silica has been identified as a carcinogen by OSHA, NTP and IARC.

Reproductive toxicity Does not meet classification criteria. No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure

CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure

In a 180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested. NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3; it is not possible to assess the level at which toxicologically significant effects may occur. Repeated inhalation exposures to high levels of respirable crystalline silica may result in lung damage (i.e., silicosis).

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form.

CCP SDS Section 11 Data Page 7 of 12 Preparation Date: 2015-09-09

CCP 7 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L

Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight, reversible eye irritation.

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer.

Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in-vitro and in-vivo assays with or without metabolic activation.

Carcinogenicity Not available.

Reproductive toxicity Does not meet classification criteria. No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response. Inorganic bromide salts have been shown to have adverse effects on reproductive parameters in some animal studies.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure

CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure

Does not meet classification criteria. In a 180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested (NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3).

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form.

CCP SDS Section 11 Data Page 8 of 12 Preparation Date: 2015-09-09

CCP 8 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Eye Irritant Category 2A

• Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L

Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Causes serious eye damage. Positive scores for conjunctiva irritation and chemosis in 2/3 animals based on average of 24, 48 and 72-hour scores with irritation clearing within 21 days; No corneal or iritis effects observed.

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer.

Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in-vitro and in-vivo assays with or without metabolic activation.

Carcinogenicity Not available.

Reproductive toxicity No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response. Inorganic bromide salts have been shown to have adverse effects on reproductive parameters in some animal studies.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure

CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure

Does not meet classification criteria. In a 180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested (NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3).

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form.

CCP SDS Section 11 Data Page 9 of 12 Preparation Date: 2015-09-09

CCP 9 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L

Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight, reversible eye irritation.

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer.

Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in-vitro and in-vivo assays with or without metabolic activation.

Carcinogenicity Not available. Respirable crystalline silica has been identified as a carcinogen by OSHA, NTP and IARC.

Reproductive toxicity No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response. Inorganic bromide salts have been shown to have adverse effects on reproductive parameters in some animal studies.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure

CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure

Does not meet classification criteria. In a 180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested (NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3).

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form.

CCP SDS Section 11 Data Page 10 of 12 Preparation Date: 2015-09-09

CCP 10 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• Eye Irritant Category 2A

• Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L

Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Causes serious eye damage. Positive scores for conjunctiva irritation and chemosis in 2/3 animals based on average of 24, 48 and 72-hour scores with irritation clearing within 21 days; No corneal or iritis effects observed.

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer.

Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in-vitro and in-vivo assays with or without metabolic activation.

Carcinogenicity Not available. Respirable crystalline silica has been identified as a carcinogen by OSHA, NTP and IARC.

Reproductive toxicity No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response. Inorganic bromide salts have been shown to have adverse effects on reproductive parameters in some animal studies.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure

CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure

Does not meet classification criteria. In a 180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested (NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3).

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form.

CCP SDS Section 11 Data Page 11 of 12 Preparation Date: 2015-09-09

CCP 11 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• STOT-RE Category 1 (Lungs)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L

Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight, reversible eye irritation.

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer.

Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in-vitro and in-vivo assays with or without metabolic activation.

Carcinogenicity Not available. Respirable crystalline silica has been identified as a carcinogen by OSHA, NTP and IARC.

Reproductive toxicity No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response. Inorganic bromide salts have been shown to have adverse effects on reproductive parameters in some animal studies.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure

CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure

In a 180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested. NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3; it is not possible to assess the level at which toxicologically significant effects may occur. Repeated inhalation exposures to high levels of respirable crystalline silica may result in lung damage (i.e., silicosis).

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form.

CCP SDS Section 11 Data Page 12 of 12 Preparation Date: 2015-09-09

CCP 12 • STOT-SE Category 3 (Respiratory Irritation)

• STOT-RE Category 1 (Lungs)

• Carcinogen Category 1A

• Eye Irritant Category 2A

• Toxic to Reproduction Category 2

Endpoint Data

Acute oral toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute dermal toxicity LD50 > 2000 mg/kg

Acute inhalation toxicity LC50 > 5.0 mg/L

Skin corrosion/irritation Does not meet the classification criteria but may cause slight skin irritation. Product dust can dry the skin which can result in irritation.

Eye damage/irritation Causes serious eye damage. Positive scores for conjunctiva irritation and chemosis in 2/3 animals based on average of 24, 48 and 72-hour scores with irritation clearing within 21 days; No corneal or iritis effects observed.

Respiratory/skin sensitization

Not a respiratory or dermal sensitizer.

Germ cell mutagenicity Not mutagenic in in-vitro and in-vivo assays with or without metabolic activation.

Carcinogenicity Not available. Respirable crystalline silica has been identified as a carcinogen by OSHA, NTP and IARC.

Reproductive toxicity No developmental toxicity was observed in available animal studies. Reproductive studies on CCPs showed either no reproductive effects, or some effects on male and female reproductive organs and parameters but without a clear dose response. Inorganic bromide salts have been shown to have adverse effects on reproductive parameters in some animal studies.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Single Exposure

CCPs when present as a nuisance dust may result in respiratory irritation.

Specific Target Organ Toxicity–Repeated Exposure

Repeated inhalation exposures to high levels of respirable crystalline silica may result in lung damage (i.e., silicosis). In a 180-day inhalation study with fly ash dust, no effects were observed at the highest dose tested. NOEC = 4.2 mg/m3; it is not possible to assess the level at which toxicologically significant effects may occur.

Aspiration hazard Not applicable based on product form.

FINAL AUGUST 2018

APPENDIX F

Analytical Methods for Assessing CCP Compositions

Appendix F Analytical Methods for Assessing CCP Compositions 

  

 

It is the responsibility of each member company to assess the composition of their coal combustion products (CCPs) to accurately communicate the hazards of the products to workers and downstream users through the Safety Data Sheet (SDS).  This Appendix is provided to guide member companies on the appropriate analyses that may be used to determine the composition of their CCPs.  Its use requires a basic understanding of chemistry, the coal combustion process, and SDS requirements.  Product results obtained using these methods must be interpreted in the context of the overall chemical composition, mineralogical phases present in the CCP, as well as SDS requirements per OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS 2012).   Analytical Methods for Assessing CCP Compositions  Table 1 specifies the list of analytical techniques that may be employed to assess the various CCP compositions.  The included methods will identify potentially hazardous components that both require disclosure on the SDS and determine the CCP hazard classification(s) based on the typical CCP composition defined in the ACAA SDS Guidance Document, Section 4.1, Table 1.    None of the listed test methods are recommended by ACAA or any ACAA member companies.  They are provided as a guide to allow member companies to identify substances that may affect the product hazard classification and require disclosure on the SDS.  Only methodologies that will determine the presence and level of substances in a typical CCP composition (as defined in the ACAA CCP SDS Guidance Document), are included.  Additional analytical methods may be required to determine the levels of substances that are not in the typical CCP composition are not identified in this Appendix.  If other compounds not listed in Table 1 of the CCP SDS Guidance Document are identified through product testing above 0.1%, they must be evaluated to determine if their presence will affect the final CCP hazard classification and associated information included in the SDS.  It is recommended that a person versed in the HCS 2012 hazard classification methodology as well as SDS development perform this evaluation.    Table 1 of this Appendix summarizes the applicable methodology and potential analytes that may be seen based on the typical CCP composition as noted in Section 4.1, Table 1 of the ACAA CCP SDS Guidance Document.     

Appendix F Analytical Methods for Assessing CCP Compositions Page 2 of 4   

  

Table 1: Analytical methods to determine CCP composition1  

Analytical Technique  Compound(s) Identified 

X‐ray Fluorescence (XRF) 

Aluminum oxide2 

Silicon dioxide (total)2,3 Barium oxide Iron oxide 

Magnesium oxide 

Manganese dioxide Phosphorous pentoxide 

Potassium oxide Sodium oxide 

Titanium dioxide 

X‐ray Diffraction (XRD)4 or  Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) 

Silicon dioxide (crystalline) Calcium carbonate Calcium oxide (total) 

Calcium sulfate Ammonium bisulfate Ammonium sulfate 

Bromide salts  Chloride salts 

Halide salts (not further specified) 

Magnesium sulfate Sodium sulfate 

XRD with wet sieve analysis at 10 µm5; or Computer controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) 

Silicon dioxide (crystalline, respirable) 

Loss of Ignition (LOI)6; or  

Carbon analysis7  Carbon  

Method Described in ASTM C25 Appendix X6  Calcium oxide (CaO) (free) 

1 The test methods defined will identify compounds present in a typical CCP composition (as determined in the ACAA SDS Guidance Document) that are to be considered in the development of final CCP classification and SDS disclosure and development specifications as specified in OSHA HCS, 2012.  Should additional hazardous substances be identified above 0.1%, they must be considered in the product hazard classification and SDS development process. 

2 The aluminum oxide and amorphous silicon dioxide levels should be added together and evaluated as aluminosilicates for reporting purposes. 

3 Silicon dioxide reported under XRF represents total SiO2.  To determine the level of amorphous SiO2, subtract the level of crystalline SiO2 determined by XRD or PLM from the total SiO2 determined from the XRF analysis. 

4 XRD will allow for the determination of the substances in crystalline phase.  Many of the oxides identified by XRF will also be detected by XRD; however, while the XRF value represents the total oxide level, the XRD value only represents the crystalline phase of those oxides. 

5 XRD: NIOSH method 7500 (modified). 6 ASTM D7348‐08 defines the method to determine the mass lost from solid combustion residues.  It does not does not address all safety concerns, if any, associated with the CCP. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to determine the appropriate hazard classifications, establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine regulatory requirements. 

7 ASTM D6316‐b09e1 covers the determination of total, combustible and carbonate carbon remaining in solid by‐products of the coal combustion process such as fly‐ash, ash, char, slag and similar materials.  Multiple methodologies are included as well as calculations required.  It does not does not address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with the CCP. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to determine the appropriate hazard classifications, establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine regulatory requirements.     

Appendix F Analytical Methods for Assessing CCP Compositions Page 3 of 4   

  

Table 2 provides identified alternative test methods to determine the component substances that may be present in a typical in a CCP.  These methods may be performed should a full analysis not be required or as an alternate to the methods presented in Table 1 for the noted substances.   Table 2: Alternate test methods for specific substances in a typical CCP1  

Analytical Technique  Compounds Identified 

Ion chromatography (IC)  Bromide salts Chloride salts 

Ammonium sulfate Ammonium bisulfate 

Inductively Couple Plasma (ICP) Spectroscopy   Calcium oxide (total) 

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)  Calcium carbonate Calcium sulfate 

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)   Ammonium sulfate Ammonium bisulfate 

1 The methods specified here represent the identified methods; they do not include all potential analytical options.   Should an ACAA member company determine that testing for a singular analyte is required, Table 3 lists the same analytical techniques identified above on a substance by substance basis.    Table 3: Analytical methods on a substance basis 

Compound  Analytical Techniques 

Silicon dioxide (SiO2 [amorphous and crystalline])  XRF Silica, crystalline  XRD1 or PLM Silica, crystalline, respirable  XRD with Sieve analysis2 or CCSEM 

Aluminosilicates: (Sum of Amorphous silicon dioxide and Aluminum oxide)  XRF 

Barium oxide (BaO)  XRF Calcium carbonate   XRD or TGA 

Calcium oxide (CaO) (total)  XRD Calcium oxide (CaO) (free)  ASTM C25 Appendix X6 methodology 

Calcium Sulfate  XRD or TGA 

Carbon  LOI analysis or Carbon analysis (carbon analyzer)4 

Iron oxide   XRF Magnesium oxide (MgO)  XRF Manganese dioxide (MnO2)  XRF Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5)  XRF Potassium oxide (K2O)  XRF Sodium oxide (Na2O)  XRF Titanium dioxide (TiO2)  XRF Ammonium bisulfate  XRD or TKN or IC Ammonium sulfate  XRD or TKN or IC Bromide Salts (various) (including NaBr)  XRD or IC 

Appendix F Analytical Methods for Assessing CCP Compositions Page 4 of 4   

  

Compound  Analytical Techniques 

Chloride salts (various)3  XRD or IC Halide salt (not further specified) ‐ Arising from As‐ Hgx (Novinda)  XRD 

Magnesium sulfate  XRD 

Sodium sulfate  XRD or IC 1 XRD: NIOSH method 7500 (modified). 2 XRD: NIOSH method 7500 coupled with wet sieving at 10µm. 3 ASTM C114 for acid soluble chlorides and ASTM C1218 for water soluble chlorides. 4 LOI may be assessed via ASTM D7348‐0, why ASTM D6316‐b09e1 determines the total, combustible and carbonate carbon remaining in solid by‐products of the coal combustion process  Potential Analytical Laboratories   Although some ACAA member companies analyze their CCPs in‐house, the laboratories listed in Table 4 have been used by ACAA member companies to perform some or all testing noted above to determine the composition of their CCPs.    Inclusion on this list does not imply an endorsement of a specific laboratory, nor does exclusion imply that a laboratory is not capable or qualified to provide the data necessary to determine CCP composition.  Laboratory choice is at the discretion of the member company and use of a listed laboratory is not required.    Table 4: Analytical testing laboratories 

SGS North America Inc. / Minerals Services Division http://www.sgsgroup.us.com/ 

4665 Paris Street, Suite B‐200 Denver, CO 80239 

Wyoming Analytical   1511 Washington Avenue Golden, CO 80401 (303) 278‐2446 

RJ Lee Group, Inc. (Headquarters) http://www.rjlg.com/ 350 Hochberg Road Monroeville, PA 15146 (724) 325‐1776 Fax: (724) 733‐1799 

Xenco Laboratories http://www.xenco.com/ 

TestAmerica 

http://testamericainc.com/ 

Energy Laboratories  www.energylab.com 

Helena, MT (877) 472‐0711 Billings, MT (800) 735‐4489 Casper, WY (888) 235‐0515 Gilletts, WY (866) 686‐7175 Rapid City, SD (888) 872‐1225 College Station, TX (888) 690‐2218 

RESPIRABLE SILICA – this lab says they can get to 0.1% detection limit DCM Science Laboratory https://www.dcmsciencelab.com/ 12421 W. 49th Avenue, Unit #6 Wheat Ridge, CO 80033 Office: 303.463.8270 800.852.7340 ‐ Toll‐Free 303.463.8267 ‐ Fax