american foreign policy, 1985-90 chapter 33, section 4 the fall of the soviet union & problems...
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AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY, 1985-901985-90
CHAPTER 33, Section 4CHAPTER 33, Section 4
THE FALL OF THE SOVIET THE FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION & PROBLEMS IN THIRD UNION & PROBLEMS IN THIRD
WORLD COUNTRIESWORLD COUNTRIES
IMPORTANT TERMSIMPORTANT TERMS
• MIKHAIL GORBACHEVMIKHAIL GORBACHEV• I.N.F. TREATYI.N.F. TREATY• GLASNOSTGLASNOST• PERESTROIKAPERESTROIKA• COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT
STATESSTATES• TIANANMEN SQUARETIANANMEN SQUARE• SANDINISTASANDINISTA• CONTRASCONTRAS• OPERATION DESERT STORMOPERATION DESERT STORM
IMPORTANT DATESIMPORTANT DATES
• 1985: MIKHAIL GORBACHEV BECOMES 1985: MIKHAIL GORBACHEV BECOMES LEADER OF USSRLEADER OF USSR
• 1989:1989:– APRIL: TIANANMEN SQUARE MASSACREAPRIL: TIANANMEN SQUARE MASSACRE– NOVEMBER: BERLIN WALL OPENEDNOVEMBER: BERLIN WALL OPENED– DECEMBER: U.S. INVADES PANAMADECEMBER: U.S. INVADES PANAMA
• 1990: IRAQ INVADES KUWAIT1990: IRAQ INVADES KUWAIT
• 1991:1991:– JANUARY: OPERATION DESERT STORMJANUARY: OPERATION DESERT STORM– DECEMBER: COMMONWEALTH OF DECEMBER: COMMONWEALTH OF
INDEPENDENT STATES CREATED – FALL OF THE INDEPENDENT STATES CREATED – FALL OF THE SOVIET UNIONSOVIET UNION
CHANGE IN THE U.S.S.R.CHANGE IN THE U.S.S.R.• 1985: MIKHAIL GORBACHEV 1985: MIKHAIL GORBACHEV
BECOMES SOVIET LEADERBECOMES SOVIET LEADER• EFFECT?EFFECT?
– GORBACHEV WANTS TO IMPROVE GORBACHEV WANTS TO IMPROVE RELATIONSHIP W/ THE WEST (U.S.A.)RELATIONSHIP W/ THE WEST (U.S.A.)
– TWO BASIC IDEAS:TWO BASIC IDEAS:•GLASNOSTGLASNOST – OPENNESS IN DISCUSSING – OPENNESS IN DISCUSSING
SOCIAL PROBLEMSSOCIAL PROBLEMS•PERESTROIKAPERESTROIKA – RESTRUCTURING OF THE – RESTRUCTURING OF THE
SOVIET GOVERNMENT & ECONOMYSOVIET GOVERNMENT & ECONOMY•EXAMPLE? GORBACHEV ALLOWS…EXAMPLE? GORBACHEV ALLOWS…
– FREE ELECTIONSFREE ELECTIONS– FREEDOM OF THE PRESSFREEDOM OF THE PRESS– LIMITED PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF LANDLIMITED PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF LAND
CHANGES IN THE U.S.S.R.CHANGES IN THE U.S.S.R.• OTHER ACTIONS:OTHER ACTIONS:
– 1987: SIGNED I.N.F. (INTERMEDIATE RANGE 1987: SIGNED I.N.F. (INTERMEDIATE RANGE NUCLEAR FORCES) TREATY W/ U.S.NUCLEAR FORCES) TREATY W/ U.S.
– DID WHAT? DID WHAT? • REDUCED # OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS EITHER SIDE HADREDUCED # OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS EITHER SIDE HAD• ALLOWED EITHER SIDE TO INSPECT THE OTHER’S ALLOWED EITHER SIDE TO INSPECT THE OTHER’S
NUCLEAR STOCKPILESNUCLEAR STOCKPILES
• FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION:FALL OF THE SOVIET UNION:– NEW FREEDOMS LEAD TO MORE NATIONALISM NEW FREEDOMS LEAD TO MORE NATIONALISM
IN NON-RUSSIAN SOVIET REPUBLICS IN NON-RUSSIAN SOVIET REPUBLICS – MANY BEGIN TO DELCARE INDPENDENCEMANY BEGIN TO DELCARE INDPENDENCE– 1991: 1991:
• GORBACHEV RESIGNS AS SOVIET PRESIDENTGORBACHEV RESIGNS AS SOVIET PRESIDENT• 14 NON-RUSSIAN REPUBLICS DECLARE 14 NON-RUSSIAN REPUBLICS DECLARE
INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE
• RESULT? 1991: U.S.S.R. OFFICALLY ENDSRESULT? 1991: U.S.S.R. OFFICALLY ENDS• COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT
STATES (C.I.S.) TAKES IT’S PLACESTATES (C.I.S.) TAKES IT’S PLACE
DIVISIONS IN THE COMMUNIST DIVISIONS IN THE COMMUNIST WORLD WORLD
• 1988: GORBACHEV TELLS E. EUROPEAN 1988: GORBACHEV TELLS E. EUROPEAN SATELLITE NATIONS TO MOVE TOWARDS SATELLITE NATIONS TO MOVE TOWARDS DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY
• THEY DO: EXAMPLE? POLAND THEY DO: EXAMPLE? POLAND ESTABLISHES A NON-COMMUNIST, ESTABLISHES A NON-COMMUNIST, CAPITALIST NATIONCAPITALIST NATION
• 1989: EAST GERMANY OPENS THE BERLIN 1989: EAST GERMANY OPENS THE BERLIN WALLWALL
• 1990: GERMANY RE-UNITED1990: GERMANY RE-UNITED• RESULT? RESULT?
– SOVIET-DOMINATED E.EUROPE ENDSSOVIET-DOMINATED E.EUROPE ENDS– THE IRON CURTAIN FALLSTHE IRON CURTAIN FALLS
CENTRAL AMERICA & CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN CARIBBEAN PROBLEMS PROBLEMS• SEE MAP, P.999 FOR DETAILSSEE MAP, P.999 FOR DETAILS• CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN: Always CENTRAL AMERICA & CARIBBEAN: Always
important for U.S. foreign policy / security important for U.S. foreign policy / security since early 20since early 20thth Century Century
• WHY? WHY? – LocationLocation– Resources: Sugar, fruits, minerals, tobaccoResources: Sugar, fruits, minerals, tobacco
• EXAMPLE?EXAMPLE?– Location: Panama – Panama CanalLocation: Panama – Panama Canal– Resources: Cuba – Tobacco, SugarResources: Cuba – Tobacco, Sugar
• SO WHAT? U.S. Gov’t, Military, & businesses SO WHAT? U.S. Gov’t, Military, & businesses had a large presence therehad a large presence there
C. AMERICA & CARIBBEAN C. AMERICA & CARIBBEAN PROBLEMS PROBLEMS
• WHY WOULD THE U.S. BE CONCERNED IF IT’S WHY WOULD THE U.S. BE CONCERNED IF IT’S INFLUENCE IN THAT REGION WAS THREATENED?INFLUENCE IN THAT REGION WAS THREATENED?
• HISTORY OF U.S. INTEREST IN LATIN AMERICA:HISTORY OF U.S. INTEREST IN LATIN AMERICA:– Examples?Examples?
• 1823: THE MONROE DOCTRINE1823: THE MONROE DOCTRINE• 1903: THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY1903: THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY
– EXPLAINEXPLAIN
• NEW PROBLEMS:NEW PROBLEMS:– 1959: CASTRO’s TAKEOVER OF CUBA – THE COLD 1959: CASTRO’s TAKEOVER OF CUBA – THE COLD
WAR RIVALRY ENTERS THE W. HEMISPHEREWAR RIVALRY ENTERS THE W. HEMISPHERE– 1970’s & 80’s: DRUG TRAFFICKING FROM S. AMERICA 1970’s & 80’s: DRUG TRAFFICKING FROM S. AMERICA
USES REGION TO FUNNEL DRUGS TO U.S.USES REGION TO FUNNEL DRUGS TO U.S.
THE COLD WAR & LATIN THE COLD WAR & LATIN AMERICAAMERICA• COLD WAR RIVALRY JUMPS INTO C. & SOUTH COLD WAR RIVALRY JUMPS INTO C. & SOUTH
AMERICAAMERICA
• 1979: NICARAGUA CIVIL WAR ENDS: 1979: NICARAGUA CIVIL WAR ENDS: COMMUNIST REBELS WINCOMMUNIST REBELS WIN
• ““SANDINISTASSANDINISTAS”- ”- NICARAGUAN NICARAGUAN COMMUNISTS; AIDED BY SOVIETS & CUBANSCOMMUNISTS; AIDED BY SOVIETS & CUBANS
• U.S. WORRIED “DOMINO THEORY” TYPE OF U.S. WORRIED “DOMINO THEORY” TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICADEVELOPMENT IN LATIN AMERICA
• RESPONSE: U.S. SUPPORTS ANTI-RESPONSE: U.S. SUPPORTS ANTI-COMMUNIST GOV’Ts. & REBELS IN C. COMMUNIST GOV’Ts. & REBELS IN C. AMERICAAMERICA– EXAMPLE? EXAMPLE? ““CONTRASCONTRAS” ” – – ANTI-COMMUNIST ANTI-COMMUNIST
GUERILLAS FIGHTING AGAINST SANDINISTASGUERILLAS FIGHTING AGAINST SANDINISTAS
• That aboutThat about
covers it ;covers it ;
Sandinista!,Sandinista!,
The Clash,The Clash,
19801980
C. AMERICAN PROBLEMS C. AMERICAN PROBLEMS (cont’d.)(cont’d.)
• PANAMA: DICTATOR, GEN. MANUEL NORIEGAPANAMA: DICTATOR, GEN. MANUEL NORIEGA• NORIEGA ALLOWS DRUG TRAFFICKERS NORIEGA ALLOWS DRUG TRAFFICKERS
(mostly Cocaine traffickers) TO USE PANAMA (mostly Cocaine traffickers) TO USE PANAMA A TRANSIT POINT FOR DRUGS HEADED TO N. A TRANSIT POINT FOR DRUGS HEADED TO N. AMERICAAMERICA
• PROBLEM? YESPROBLEM? YES– U.S. HAS TO REDUCE FLOW OF DRUG TO U.S.U.S. HAS TO REDUCE FLOW OF DRUG TO U.S.– SECURITY OF PANAMA CANAL A CONCERNSECURITY OF PANAMA CANAL A CONCERN
• RESULT? RESULT? – 1989: U.S. MILITARY INVADES PANAMA1989: U.S. MILITARY INVADES PANAMA– NORIEGA CAPTURED BY U.S., TRANSPORTED TO NORIEGA CAPTURED BY U.S., TRANSPORTED TO
U.S. FOR PROSECUTIONU.S. FOR PROSECUTION– NORIEGA CONVICTED OF DRUG SMUGGLING & NORIEGA CONVICTED OF DRUG SMUGGLING &
IMPRISONEDIMPRISONED