american history chapter 16: the new deal
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American History Chapter 16: The New Deal. I. Forging a New Deal. Objectives. Explore Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt’s roles in restoring the nation’s hope. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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American History Chapter 16: The New Deal
I. Forging a New Deal
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Objectives
• Explore Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt’s roles in restoring the nation’s hope.
• Learn about the major New Deal programs that were created in the first hundred days, and find out about some of FDR’s key players in these programs.
• Discover what caused the New Deal to falter.• Review the key goals and accomplishments of
the Second New Deal• Interpret the significance of the outcome of
the 1936 election.
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Bell Ringer
• Imagine that all members of your household were out of work, had no hope of finding a job, and received no government benefits.
• What would you want your government to do?• What are some current government programs
that are designed to help families that are out of work?
• Page 536
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A) Restoring the Nation’s Hope
• Second Bonus Army – Eleanor calmed them down
• FDR spoke in “fireside chats” to the people – restored hope
1) New Deal: referred to the relief, recovery, and reform programs of FDR’s administration
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B) The First Hundred Days
2) Hundred days: Period at the start of FDR’s presidency in 1933, when many New Deal programs were passed by Congress
• Bank holiday – closed down all banks – could only re-open if deemed “healthy” by the government – 2/3 were – confidence
• Savings increased – loans increased – money into the economy
• FDIC – insure bank deposits• Federal Securities Act – business must publish info
about finances• SEC – Securities and Exchange Commission –
regulate stock market• Devalued the US dollar – made things cheaper –
stimulate trade – raise farm prices
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a) Providing Relief and Creating Jobs
• FERA established – Federal Emergency Relief Administration – help poor
3) Public works programs: government funded projects to build public facilities – create jobs
4) Civilian Conservation Corps: maintained forests, beaches, and parks (2.5mil)
• CWA – Civil Works Administration – roads, parks, and airports (4mil)
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b) Regulating the Economy
• NIRA – National Industrial Recovery Act
• NRA – National Recovery Administration created codes to spell out fair business practices
• Helped labor
• PWA – Public Works Administration – Grand Coulee Dam, Triborough Bridge, and Key West Highway
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c) Assisting Homeowners and Farmers• HOLC – Home Owners Loan Corporation –
refinanced loans at lower interest
5) Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA): paid subsidies to farmers that cut production
6) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA): provided cheap power, flood control, and recreational opportunities in a underdeveloped
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C) Key Players in the New Deal
• FDR had a “brain trust” of people that helped him
• Frances Perkins – first women cabinet member – Labor
• Mary McLeod Bethune – black women – National Youth Administration (jobs for people 16 – 25) - highest black position during New Deal
• Eleanor Roosevelt – traveled for her husband – some thought did too much – most admired her for her political skills, humanity, and idealism
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D) The New Deal Falters
• Programs did not help wide scale
• Hoover – worried about increase of government power – socialism
• Supreme Court declared NIRA unconstitutional – it could make laws
• Also declared the AAA tax unconstitutional
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E) A Second New Deal
7) Second New Deal: (Second Hundred Days): more social welfare benefits, stricter controls over business, more support for unions, higher taxes on rich
• WPA (Works Progress Administration) – work for 8 mil people
• Resettlement Administration and later the Farm Security Administration loaned 1 bil to farmers.
• REA – Rural Electrification Administration – brought electricity to farmers
8) Wagner Act: legalized collective bargaining and closed shops
9) Closed shops: workplaces open only to union members
10) Social security systems: OASDI – financial security to people who cannot support themselves
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F) The 1936 Election
• FDR destroyed Republican Alfred Landon 523 – 8 in the electoral college
• Showed that the people really really really supported FDR.
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Review
• How did Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt work to restore the nation’s hope?
• What major New Deal programs were created in the first hundred days, and who were some of FDR’s key players in these programs?
• What caused the New Deal to falter?• What were the key goals and
accomplishments of the Second New Deal?• What did the outcome of the 1936 election
indicate?