AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATESNumber 1307

Published byTHE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY January 14, 1946

New York City

ANNOTATED FAUNAL LIST OF THE GLEN DEAN FORMATIONOF CRANE, INDIANA'

BY OTTO HAAS

INTRODUCTION

The study of the fossils collected atCrane, Indiana, having been completed,publication of a comprehensive faunal listof the Glen Dean formation in that part ofsouthwestern Indiana appears to be desir-able.By way of introduction, a few words on

the localities and their stratigraphy mightbe expedient. Collections were made atseveral localities, most of them desertedquarries within a perimeter of from one-half to two-thirds of a mile around the roadjunction called Sargent's Corner (about2'/2 miles due south of the east end of LakeGreenwood) in Martin County, Indiana.These quarries were assigned the numbersI and Ia, both of them northwest, and II,IIa, IIb, and IIc, all southwest of Sar-gent's Corner, respectively. One morelocality, called "III," is about 11/3 milessouthwest of that point, directly across the

road from the South Transfer Depot ofthe Naval Ammunition Depot at Crane.The elevation of all these localities is be-tween 550 and 700 feet above sea level.The Glen Dean, which is the top forma-

tion of the Middle Chester or, to use a newterm introduced by J. M. Weller and A.H. Sutton (1940), of the Homberg group,attains in these localities thicknesses up to40 or 50 feet. It consists chiefly of lime-stone, with some interbedded shales in thelower portion of the formation, whereas itassumes a dense, cherty facies in its upper-most layers. The formation overlies theHardingsburg sandstone and is conform-ably overlain by the plant bearing TarSprings sandstone, basal formation of theUpper Chester (Elvira group). Except fora slight dip toward the south or southwest,the strata appear to be flat and undisturbedthroughout the area.

FAUNAL LIST

Faunistically, slight differences are foundbetween the various localities, certaingroups of fossils being more abundant inone than in the other. On the whole,however, the, formation may be considereda faunistic as well as a stratigraphic unitthroughout the area. Therefore, no differ-entiation as to localities is made in the fol-lowing faunal list. Forms particularly com-mon, which thus may serve as index fossilsfor the formation in that area, are precededby a "c," those particularly rare by an

"r"; these symbols should, however, beunderstood in a relative sense, indicating

1 Third report on the results of the writer's collect-ing trip to Crane, Indiana, in October, 1944; for thefirst and second reports see American Museum Novi-tates nos. 1289 and 1302.

the abundance or rarity, respectively, ofcertain forms within the major grouprather than within the fauna as a whole.

ANTHOZOATRIPLOPHYLLITES EASTON

c T. spinulosus (Milne Edwards andHaime)

VERMESSPIRORBIS DAUDIN

S. annulatus Hall ?BLASTOIDEA

PENTREMITES SAYThis genus, as represented at the

localities concerned, has been ex-plicitly discussed in Haas, 1945a.

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The forms recognized are hereenumerated merely for the sake ofuniformity.

c P. spicatus Ulrich, forma typicaP. spicatus TUlrich, var. porrecta Haas

r P. spicatus Ulrich, var. altipelvis Haasr P. cherokeeus Hall

P. elegans LyonP. pyramidatus UlrichP. okawensis S. Weller

c P. lyoni Ulrich, forma typicac P. lyoni Ulrich, var. gracilens Ulrich

P. brevis IJlrichr P. cf. brevis Ulrichr P. hambachi Butts ?

P. spec. indet.One of the specimens here in-

cluded (A.M.N.H. No. 26071:1)shows clearly the hydrospires; an-

other (on large slab A.M.N.H. No.26167) has the pinnules preserved.

CRINOIDEAZEACRINITES TROOST

r Z. wortheni (Hall)Calyx with stalk.

THOLOCRINUS KIRK

r T. spec.Crushed ventral sac of an unusu-

ally large individual' (A.M.N.H.No. 26076).

AGASSIZOCRINUS OWEN AND SHUMARDr A. spec.

Infrabasal cones.

Crinoidea, genus and spec. indet.Stems, fragments and links

thereof, the first including some un-

usually long (up to 15 cm.) ones,one of them twisted.

ECHINOIDEA

Genus and spec. indet.Detached spines.

After completion of the present manuscript anotherwise very similar but much larger head of Tholo-crinus from quarry "Ia," measuring about 75 mm.in height and about 90 mm. in width, was sent inand generously presented to the American Museumof Natural History by Lieut. W. N. Dale. Whereasthe individual listed above might well be cons ecificwith the specimens of T. wetherbyi Wachsmuth andSpringer figured by Springer (1926, pl. 25, figs. 4-12),the one here dealt with (A.M.N.H. No. 26198) seemssuch a giant, when compared with those figures,that it may have to be referred to an independentspecies.

BRYOZOABATOSTOMELLA ULRICH

B. nitidula IJlrichSTENOPORA LONSDALE

S. tuberculata (Prout)S. cestriensis Ulrich

r S. ramosa UlrichS. spec.

ANISOTRYPA ULRICHr A. ? spec.

This form, represented by asingle well-preserved colony only,might be the Chester species grow-ing in hollow branches, mentionedbut not described or figured byUlrich (1890, p. 448). Even itsgeneric reference remains, however,doubtful; no ridges can be seenbetween the openings which areabout twice as large as in A. solidaUlrich.

LIOCLEMA ULRICHr L. cf. araneum Ulrich

The three colonies found in thepresent material deviate from Ul-rich's (1890, p. 431, pl. 75, fig. 9-9c)merely by having only six to eightinstead of nine to 10 zooecia on awidth of 2 mm. The apertures maybe subeircular in shape as well asoval, as stated in Ulrich's descrip-tion, but to judge by his figure 9this is equally true for his type.

ERIDOPORA ULRICHc E. macrostoma Ulrich

One colony (on slab A.M.N.H.No. 26130), selected as hypotype,is remarkable for its strong resem-blance to Ulrich's protograph (1882,pl. 6, fig. 2).

r E. punctifera Ulrich

FENESTRELLINA D'ORBIGNY (= FENESTELLAAUCTT.)

Pending Condra and Elias' appli-cation to the International Com-mission on Zoological Nomenclaturefor the retention of the genericname Fenestella Lonsdale, not Bol-ten (see Condra and Elias, 1941;

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FAUNAL LIST OF THE GLEN DEAN FORMATION

1944, p. 18), the name Fenestrellinais here used for the forms concerned,as suggested by Bassler. This, how-ever, solves only the formal nomen-clatorial problem. Even more com-plex is the other, which is biologicalas well as taxonomic and which re-sults from the fact, emphasized inan earlier report (Haas, 1945b, p.4), that in the Chester seriesbryozoan meshworks, conspecificwith each other, are found radiat-ing from Archimedes screws as wellas in the appearance of foliate ex-pansions without any connectionwith such screws. According toMcFarlan (1942, p. 444) "the bulkof Fenestellid fronds so common inChester limestones" has to be re-ferred "to the genus Archimedes"and "only F. cestriensis and F.exigua" are recognized by him "astrue Fenestrellina with any degreeof certainty." Condra and Elias(1944, p. 61), on the other hand,take the following attitude:since several American species ofFenestella are encrusted by essen-tially the same fibrous tissue as ob-served in Archimedes and no screwshave been found with them, andbecause some Archimedes screwsare found as superstructures uponFenestella zoaria, only the fronds ofFenestella type attached to flangesof a screw or reasonably proved tobe their broken portions-but notwhen they belong to Fenestellacolony which served as its base-should be classified as Archimedes.In doubtful cases the fragments ofFenestella types should be placedrather in the genus Fenestella thanin Archimedes." This recommenda-tion has been followed in the courseof the present study.

c F. cf. cestriensis (Ulrich)The specimens from Crane differ

from Ulrich's (1890, p. 597) originaldescription by having from 12 to16-instead of an average of 10-fenestrules to 1 cm.

F. tenax (UJlrich)

F. serratula (IJlrich)F. spec.

ARCHIMEDES (LESUEUR) OWENObservations on some remarkable

specimens of this genus from Craneand on the genus as such were pub-lished in an earlier report (Haas,1945b). Here follows the enumera-tion of the various forms recognizedin the present material.

c A. invaginatus UTlrichA. invaginatus Ulrich, var.

A single short screw fragment(A.M.N.H. No. 26097), distin-guished by extraordinarily wideflanges, attaining up to 15 mm. indiameter, and by having only two(instead of 3.7-5) volutions to 2 cm.

A. swallovanus HallAn almost perfectly straight screw

(A.M.N.H. No. 26099:1), exhibit-ing 26 volutions, but still incom-plete, attains 115 mm. in length.

A. cf. swallovanus HallSome microstructural characters

of the frond (studied on reverse sideonly) deviate somewhat from IUl-rich's (1890, p. 574) description.

r A. lativolvis UTlrichA short screw fragment (A.M.

N.H. No. 26101:2) referred to thisspecies is remarkable for showingon the reverse surface of the flangeof its lower volution an almost com-plete pillar and the stumps, or atleast traces, of 10 more which arepartly or entirely broken off. An-other short screw fragment (A.M.N.H. No. 26168) exhibits a height ofthe only volution observable of asmuch as 5 mm., and its upper flangeis extraordinarily expanded on oneside so as to reach a diameter of al-most 20 mm. Even disregardingthis extraordinary expansion, theflange still measures nearly 15 mm.in diameter. For both these devia-tions from the dimensions hithertoobserved in the screws of A. lati-volvis, this fragment is only doubt-fully referred to UTlrich's species.Both the fragments here discussed

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show excellently the fine striation ofthe fibrous tissue as discussed (pp.30-33) and repeatedly illustrated(pl. 2, fig. 2, pl. 3, fig. 2, pl. 4, fig.7, pl. 6, figs. 1-3, pl. 11, figs. 4-7,pl. 37, fig. 3) by Condra and Elias,1944.

A. intermedius Ulrich, emend. Mc-Farlan

A. terebriformis Ulrichr A. meekanus HallA. meekanoides McFarlanA. maefarlani Condra and Elias

All the screws from Crane referredto this species resemble Ulrich's(1890, pl. 63) figure llb much moreclosely than his figure 11, which is,however, designated the holotypeby Condra and Elias (1944, p. 150).

A. distans 'UlrichHypotype (A.M.N.H. No. 26108)

remarkable for its close resemblanceto the specimen depicted by Ulrich(1890, pl. 63) in figure 9b, designatedlectotype by Condra and Elias(1944, p. 117).

r A. distans Ulrich, var.The few specimens referred to this

unnamed variety, all of them on thetwo large slabs A.M.N.H. Nos.26166 and 26167, deviate from thetypical form of this species merelyby their far more tender screws, withthree volutions to a length of 1 cm.(instead of 2 cm., as in the former).

r A. laxus 'Jlrich ?Only one rather scanty fragment

is doubtfully referred to this species.A. spec.

POLYPORA M'COYP. cestriensis UlrichP. tuberculata Prout

r P. spinulifera ITlrichP. spec.

SEPTOPORA PROUTr S. subquadravns Ulrich

Among the few specimens refer-able to this species a foliate, slightlywrinkled expanse from quarry "Ia"(A.M.N.H. No. 26115:1) is remark-able for its size; as preserved, it

attains approximately 12 cm. inlength and 9 cm. in width.

S. cestriensis ProutRHOMBOPORA MEEK

c R. armata UlrichA bifurcating branch of particu-

larly fine preservation (on slab

Fig. 1. Rhombopora armata Ulrich, hypotype,on slab A.M.N.H. No. 26150. Glen Dean lime-stone. Locality "III," Crane, Martin County,Indiana. Photomicrograph, X ca. 5. Lowestpart of specimen not seen in photomicrograph.Note paired arrangement of spines, chiefly onmain stem; some spines visible in profile.

A.M.N.H. No. 26150) is selectedas hypotype and shown in figure 1.1

c R. minor Ulrichr R. tabulata Ulrich

R. tenuirama UlrichR. spec.

STREBLOTRYPA ULRICHS. nicklesi Ulrich

The hypotype, a Y-shaped branchon slab A.M.N.H. No. 26154, isexcellently preserved and, therefore,shown in figure 2.'

PRISMOPORA HALLr P. serrulata Ulrich

BRACHIOPODAORTHOTETES FIsCHER

r 0. kaskaskiensis (McChesney)One of the few specimens present

(A.M.N.H. No. 26175) approachesin the character of ornamentationthe one figured by S. Weller (1914,pl. 6, fig. 15) under the designation0. kaskaskiensis (?).

1 For permission to use the facilities of the Geo-logical Department of Columbia University for thesephotomicrographs, which were painstakingly takenby Mrs. Catherine S. Seymour, I am greatly indebtedto Profs. Marshall Kay and H. N. Coryell.

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FAUNAL LIST OF THE GLEN DEAN FORMATION

Fig. 2. Streblotrypa nicklesi Ulrich, hypotype,on slab A.M.N.H. No. 26154. Glen Dean lime-stone. Locality "III," Crane, Martin County,Indiana. Photomicrograph, X ca. 10. Unfor-tunately the half-tone does not show the srmiallpores surrounding the zooecial apertures as dis-tinctly as does the original photomicrograph.

LINOPRODUCTUS CHAOFound in quarries "II" and "IIc"

only.L. ovatus (Hall)'

S. Weller's (1919, p. 132, pl. 16,figs. 1-15) conception of this speciesis here followed; accordingly L.pileiformis (McChesney) is consid-ered a synonym of Hall's species.

L. ovatus (Hall), var. ? (A.M.N.H.No. 26178)

In a ventral valve otherwiseagreeing with the typical specimensreferred to L. ovatus, the width isonly slightly more than two-thirdsof its convexity, as compared to a

ratio of six to five according to S.Weller's (1914, p. 133) measure-ments. The same extremely narrowshape is found in a considerablysmaller, incomplete ventral valve.However, it cannot be safely ex-

cluded that this deviation in shapemight be due only to crushing.

DIAPHRAGMUS GIRTYD. elegans (Norwood and Pratten)

A few specimens have not onlyspine bases, as mentioned by Weller(1914, p. 137), but well-developed,though fine spines preserved on thepostero-lateral slopes of the ventralvalves.

1 Quoted as Productus ovatus Hall in previous liter-ature.

STENOSCISMA CONRAD2S. explanata (McChesney)

Found in quarries "I" and "IIc"only.

DIELASMA KINGr D. shumardanum (Miller)

A single specimen present.SPIRIFERiNA DORBIGNY

S. transversa (McChesney)

RETICULARIINA FREDERICKSc R. spinosa3 (Norwood and Pratten)

Two specimens (A.M.N.H. No.26184/1) are worth mentioning forhaving the sinus of the ventral valve,or at least its posterior part, markedby a straight row of spines alongthe median line.

SPIRIFER SOWERBYS. increbescens Hall, var.

This characteristic species is rep-resented at Crane by the smaller andmore delicate variety stated by Wel-ler (1920, pp. 374-375) to be charac-teristic of the Lower and MiddleChester faunas, even apparentlyfull grown shells in the present ma-terial never exceeding 18 mm. inlength and 25 mm. in width, ascompared to lengths of 31 and 28mm., respectively, and widths of 40and 44 mm., respectively, recordedby Weller (1914, p. 343) for typicalshells of this species, as occurringin the UJpper Chester. That author(1920, p. 374) points out that "inmuch of the past literature the nameS. increbescens has been applied toall of these shells in the Chesterfaunas." The form listed under thisname by IJlrich (1917, p. 229, No.130) from all of his Glen Dean locali-ties may, therefore, well be the sameas that occurring at Crane.

TORYNIFER HALL AND CLARKET. setiger4 (Hall)

2 Antedates Camerophoria King, mostly quoted"Camarophoria" in previous literature.

3 Mostly quoted as Spiriferina spinosa in previousliterature.

4 Mostly quoted as Reticularia setigera in previousliterature.

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CLEIOTHYRIDINA BucKmANc C. sublamellosa (Hall)r C. sublamellosa (Hall), var. (A.M.N.H.

Nos. 26190, 26190/1)Deviates from the typical form

by its unusual width, amounting toabout five-fourths of the length, ascompared to twenty-one-twentiethsonly in the average specimen meas-ured by S. Weller (1914, p. 483).

COMPOSITA BROWNC. trinuclea (Hall)

S. Weller's (1914, p. 486; 1920,pp. 354, 361) conception of thisspecies is here followed. Its highvariability, as pointed out by thatauthor, is fully confirmed by thematerial from Crane which includesmost of the various forms illustratedin Weller's (1914) plate 81. Thehypotype (A.M.N.H. No. 26191/1:1) is closely reminiscent of the "veryperfect specimen" shown in hisfigures 16-20 of that plate; anotherfine shell from quarry "II" (A.M.N.H. No. 26191/1:2) of that shownin his figures 25, 26; still another(A.M.N.H. No. 26191/1:3) of thecomparatively large shell repre-sented in Weller's figures 31-34, asis a shell from quarry "I" (A.M.N.H. No. 26191:2). Still anotherspecimen from the latter locality(A.M.N.H. No. 26191:1) closelyresembles the narrow form illus-trated in Weller's figures 35 and 36,whereas a few smaller shells fromquarry "II" (A.M.N.H. No. 26191/1 :4-6) stand out by being unusuallywide. Some more, rather small in-dividuals from quarries "I," "II,"and "IIb" (A.M.N.H. Nos. 26191:3,26191/1:7, 8, 26191/2) representthe more delicate form illustratedby Weller's figures 27-30.

r C. subquadrata (Hall) (A.M.N.H. No.26192)A single shell, attaining 21.3 mm.

in length, 20.6 mm. in width, and12.1 mm. in thickness, resembles inits size as well as in its shape soclosely the specimens referred by S.

Weller (1914, p. 489, pl. 81, figs.1-15; 1920, p. 375, pl. 11, figs.12-14) to the true C. subquadrata,especially those illustrated in plate81, figures 9-11, and plate 11, figures12, 13, that it has to be assigned tothat species, despite Weller's tend-ency (1920, p. 375) to restrict it tothe Upper Chester. However, theboundary between C. trinuclea andC. subquadrata appears to be afluent one. The specimen heredealt with may well be one of thosewhich, in Weller's (1920, p. 354)words, "are intermediate in charac-ter between any of the groups thatmay be recognized."

r C. laevis S. WellerRepresented by a single individ-

ual.r C. spec.

PELECYPODACANEYELLA GIRTY

C. ? spec.On the strength of its resemblance

to some of Girty's (1909, pl. 3)figures of his C. wapanuckensis, es-pecially figures 8 and 10, the onlypelecypod from Crane, rather poorlypreserved and measuring about 9mm. in length, is tentatively iden-tified as above.

GASTROPODAPLATYCERAS CONRAD; SUBGENUS ORTHO-NYCHIA HALLc P. (O.) spec.

STRAPAROLUS MONTFORT; SUBGENUS EUOM-PHALUS SOWERBYr S. (E.) planidorsatus Meek and Wor-

then ?r Bellerophontid gastropodr High-spired gastropods, somewhat

reminiscent of CeraunocochlisKnight, gen. and spec. indet.1

r High-spired gastropod (cf. Cerauno-cochlis Knight), or echinoid spine ?

1 For determination of these gastrop-ds and valu-able suggestions for that of some of the others and ofthe specimens here doubtfully referred to Spirorbisannulatus Hall, I am greatly indebted to Dr. J.Brookes Knight, of the United States NationalMuseum.

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Differs from the high-spired gas-tropods listed above, which attainheights of from 3 to 5 mm. only,chiefly by its much larger size, at-taining about 15 mm. in height.

r Gastropod, gen. and spec. indet.Also small (may have reached a

height of 6 or 7 mm.), but generi-cally different from those listedabove.

r Gastropods, gen. and spec. indet.Of similarly small size.

TRILOBITAKASKIA J. M. WELLER

K. chesterensis S. Weller and J. M.Weller (= ? Phillipsia stevensoniMeek)Except for one poorly preserved

but complete individual, the ninespecimens present are pygidia only.I wish to extend my thanks to Dr.J. Marvin Weller of the IllinoisState Geological Survey for his iden-tification of this form. In a letterdated Urbana, March 6, 1945, Dr.

Weller repeats the view, previouslystated in his paper on Carboniferoustrilobite genera (1936, p. 710), thatK. chesterensis might be a synonymof Phillipsia stevensoni. As a matterof fact, pygidia from Pennsylvaniaand Alabama, labeled Phillipsiastevensoni Meek in the collections ofthe American Museum of NaturalHistory (two of them from the Hallcollection, the others presented byProf. J. J. Stevenson), are indis-tinguishable from the Crane speci-mens, as are those given by the samedonor to Walker Museum fromJ. M. Weller's types (see Weller,1936, p. 711). In his letter, quotedabove, he believes conspecificity of"Phillipsia" stevensoni and Kaskiachesterensis even to be probable,but he hesitates to replace the latterspecific name by the former becauseMeek's species has never been ade-quately described and figured, andthe types cannot be located.

Pygidium of an indeterminate trilobite

STRATIGRAPHICAL CONCLUSIONS

If the present faunal list is comparedwith Ulrich's (1917, pp. 226-230) of theGlen Dean formation, which seems to beso far the most complete one given for thatformation, it cannot be surprising thatUlrich's list, covering "four collectionstaken from as many widely separatedplaces in Kentucky" and including for thesake of correlation western Illinois, enu-merates many more forms (altogether 162)than the Crane list which deals with onelimited area and includes altogether 86forms.On the other hand, if slight differences

as indicated by a "cf." preceding, or a"var." following the specific name areneglected on either side and if the smallgastropods from Crane which could not bereliably determined even as to their genericaffinities are left out of account, the nameslisted above are, with comparatively fewexceptions, found in UIlrich's list as well.Most of these exceptions are, however,

not real ones: Ulrich's "Zaphrentis spin-ulifera" is merely a synonym of Triplophyl-lites spinulosus. My varieties of Pentre-mites spicatus are mentioned though notnamed in Ulrich's paper of 1917. P. lyoni,var. gracilens Ulrich is not included in hislist, but this variety is recorded by him(1917, p. 263) "from either the Golcondaor the Glen Dean limestone in. . . Ken-tucky." The form listed above as Tholo-crinus spec. is very closely related to, ifnot at least in part (see p. 2, footnote 1)identical with, T. wetherbyi (Wachsmuthand Springer), which is in turn merelyKirk's (1939, p. 471) new name for Hydrei-ocrinus wetherbyi, listed by UJlrich underNo. 41. Linoproductus ovatus does not ap-pear in Ulrich's list, but Productus pilei-formis does, which is, according to S. Weller,a synonym of the former. Compositatrinuclea is another form not explicitlylisted by LJlrich, but according to S. Weller

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(1920, p. 375) it might well be hidden underhis C. subquadrata.

Furthermore, Ulrich's "Spirorbis sp."may well be considered the equivalent ofmy Spirorbis annulatus Hall ?, as may his"Phillipsta sp." be that of Kaskia chester-ensis and, perhaps, his "Anisotrypa n. sp."that of my A.? spec.

Six more of the names listed above butnot found in Ulrich's list can be disposed ofthanks to the fact that they are recordedelsewhere from the Glen Dean. Pentre-mites okawensis, a species established onlyafter 1917 by S. Weller (1920, p. 358) on aform occurring in the Glen Dean as well asin the Golconda, is recorded also by Butts(1926, p. 198) from the Glen Dean horizon(see also J. M. Weller, 1931, p. 286).Zeacrinites wortheni is stated by Springer(1926, p. 82) to be a crinoid "from the...Glen Dean of Kentucky and Okawof Illinois." Archimedes lativolvis Ulrich(1905) is, according to McFarlan (1942,p. 441), "rather common in and character-istic of the Golconda," but it "has alsobeen recognized, though it is not common,in the Paint Creek and the Glen Dean."Orthotetes kaskaskiensis appears in S. Wel-ler's (1920, p. 196) faunal list of the GlenDean, though not in UIlrich's. Compositatrinuclea-even should it not be covered byUlrich's listing of C. subquadrata(seep.7andabove)-occurs, anyway, according to S.Weller (1920, p. 361), "in abundance inthe Golconda and Glen Dean faunas inHardin County and elsewhere, whereverthese formations are well exposed." Fi-nally, Caneyella wapanuckensis, to which theonly pelecypod from Crane appears to beclosely comparable, is recorded not only byGirty (1909, p. 35) from the Caney shale ofOklahoma, but also by Butts (1926, p.200) from the Floyd shale of Alabamawhich is correlated by him (ibid., p. 204)with "either Gasper or lower Bangor (GlenDean)."

Thus, of all our forms seemingly or reallymissing in Ulrich's list there remain onlythree that to the best of my knowledgehave not yet been explicitly recorded fromthe Glen Dean formation. The strati-graphic range of two of them, Stenoporacestriensis IJlrich and Composita laevis S.

Weller, is given by their authors (Ulrich,1890, p. 442; S. Weller, 1914, p. 492) as"Chester group" without any more preciseindication of the horizon. The same holdstrue of Archimedes meekanoides McFarlan,as far as Condra and Elias (1944, p. 126)are concerned. McFarlan himself (1942,p. 442), however, states his species to be''common in the Renault and Paint Creekformations," but it is certainly not surpris-ing to find a Chester Archimedes one or, asin the present case, even two (limestone)formations above those of its greatestabundance.Thus the paleontological evidence, as

documented by the above faunal list, fullyconfirms the assignment of the fossiliferouslimestones of Crane to the Glen Dean for-mation. This result is still corroborated bythe fact that these limestones are conform-ably overlain by a plant-bearing sandstonewhich cannot be anything else than TarSprings sandstone, the earliest Pennsyl-vanian being separated throughout thatregion by a "marked unconformity" fromthe Chester (J. M. Weller, 1931, p. 266;McFarlan, 1943, p. 96).The agreement with the Glen Dean

faunas of adjacent areas is, however, notnearly so perfect with respect to the most.common forms which might serve as indexfossils. Of the forms marked "c" in theabove list only Petremites lyoni and Erido-pora macrostoma are granted "a high prac-tical value as guide fossils" by UJlrich (1917,pp. 224, 226, 227), and Pentremites spicatusis recognized as characteristic of the GlenDean formation by S. Weller (1920, p. 197)and J. M. Weller (1931, p. 263). On theother hand, Prismopora serrulata, not in-cluded in his "starred" forms by lJrich(1917, pp. 224-225) merely because it isfound also, though rarely, in the Gasperlimestone, called the most important indexfossil of the Glen Dean limestone by S.Weller (1920, p. 196), J. M. Weller (1931,p. 263), and Butts (1926, p. 200), and statedto be particularly useful also by McFarlan(1943, pp. 30-31), is rather' poorly repre-sented (by about half a dozen speci-mens) in the Crane area. There is no traceto be found of the "Prismopora gardens"emphasized by S. Weller (pp. 197, 374).

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FAUNAL LIST OF THE GLEN DEAN FORMATION

Even much rarer in the fauna here dealtwith is Archimedes laxus, considered an-other characteristic Glen Dean fossil byall the authors quoted above. A singleshort fragment from Crane may be refer-able to this species. Another bryozoan,considered by McFarlan (1943, p. 91) "themost consistent and at the same time [an]abundant" Glen Dean fossil, Cheilotrypahispida Ulrich, is entirely missing at Crane,as are the crinoids distinguished by theirwing plates, Pterotocrinus bifurcatus and

P. acutus, both granted index fossil rank byIJlrich (1917, p. 227) and J. M. Weller(1931, p. 263) and the former by S. Weller(1920, p. 197) also.An attempt to investigate how far these

differences in the abundance of certainguide fossils are due to variations in eco-logical conditions, as expressed in facies dif-ferences between various exposures of theGlen Dean formation, might well be worthwhile.

LITERATURE CITEDBUTTS, CHARLES

1926. The Paleozoic rocks. In Geology ofAlabama. Geol. Surv. Alabama,Special Report, no. 14, pp. 41-230, pls.3-76, figs. 2-4.

CONDRA, G. E., AND M. K. ELIAS1941. Fenestella Lonsdale and Fenestrellina

d'Orbigny. Jour. Paleont., vol. 15.pp. 565-566.

1944. Study and revision of Archimedes(Hall). Geol. Soc. Amer. SpecialPaper, no. 53, viii + 293 pp., 6 figs.,41 pls., 83 tables.

GIRTY, GEORGE H.1909. The fauna of the Caney shale of Okla-

homa. U. S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 377,106 pp., 13 pls.

HAAS, OTTO1945a. Remarks on some Chester Pentremites.

Amer. Mus. Novitates, no. 1289, 9pp., 42 figs.

1945b. Notes on Archimedes. Ibid., no. 1302,5 pp., 3 figs.

KIRK, EDWIN1939. Two new genera of Carboniferous

inadunate crinoids. Jour. WashingtonAcad. Sci., vol. 29, pp. 469-473.

McFARLAN, ARTHUR C.1942. Chester Bryozoa of Illinois and western

Kentucky. Jour. Paleont., vol. 16,pp. 437-458, pls. 65-68.

1943. Geology of Kentucky. Lexington,The University of Kentucky, 531 pp.,42 figs., 117 pls.

SPRINGER, FRANK1926. Unusual forms of fossil crinoids. Proc.

U. S. Natl. Mus., vol. 67, art. 9, 137pp., 9 text figs., 26 pls.

ULRICH, E. 0.1882. American Palaeozoic Bryozoa. Jour.

Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, pp.121-175, pls. 6-8.

1890. Palaeozoic Bryozoa. In Palaeontologyof Illinois. Geological Survey ofIllinois, vol. 8, pp. 283-688, pls. 29-78.

1905. Geology and general relations. Part Iof Lead, zinc, and fluorspar deposits ofwestern Kentucky. U. S. Geol. Surv.Prof. Paper no. 36, pp. 7-105, pls. 1-7.

1917. The formations of the Chester seriesin western Kentucky and their corre-lates elsewhere. In Mississippian for-mations of western Kentucky. Frank-fort, Kentucky Geological Survey, iv+ 272 pp., 11 pls.

WELLER, JAMES MARVIN1931. The Mississippian fauna of Kentucky.

In The Paleontology of Kentucky,etc. Frankfort, Kentucky GeologicalSurvey, pp. 249-290, fig. 28, pls. 33-44.

1936. Carboniferous trilobite genera. Jour.Paleont., vol. 10, pp. 704-714, pl. 95.

WELLER, J. W., AND A. H. SUTTON1940. Mississippian border of eastern inte-

rior basin. Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petrol.Geol., vol. 24, pp. 765-858, 15 figs.,1 table.

WELLER, STUART1914. The Mississippian Brachiopoda of the

Mississippi valley basin. IllinoisGeol. Surv. Monogr. 1, text (508 pp.,36 figs.) and plates (186 pp., 83 pls.).

1920. The geology of Hardin County andthe adjoining part of Pope County.Illinois Geol. Surv. Bull., no. 41, 416pp., 30 figs., 11 pls., 4 tables.

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