american occupation in the philippines

8/13/2019 American Occupation in the Philippines

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AMERICAN OCCUPATION IN THE

PHILIPPINESI. Objectives of Americans for the PhilippinesII. Military Government

III. The Schurman Commission

IV. The Taft Commission

V. The Spooner AmendmentVI. Civil Government on the Philippines

VII. The Philippine Bill of 1902

VIII. The Political Parties

IX. The Philippine Assembly

X. Filipinization of the Government

XI. Jones Law of 1916

XII. Hare-HawesCutting Act and Tydings McDuffie Law

XIII. The 1935 Constitution

XIV. The Commonwealth Government


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Objectives of Americans to the

Philippines

Economic Group

Military Group

Religious GroupBenevolent Assimilation

The Philippines is ours not to exploit but to

develop, to civilize, to educate and to train inthe science of government.


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Military Government

August 14, 1898July 4, 1901

Military Governors of the Philippines1. Wesley Merritt

2. Elwell Otis

3. Arthur MacArthur


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The Schurman Commission

Led by Dr. Jacob Schurman on March 4, 1899

Arrived at the time of Filipino-American War

Recommended to President McKinley to keepthe Philippines because the Filipinos were

not yet ready for independence.


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The Taft Commission

March 16, 1900 arrived on June 3, 1900

Facilitate the establishment of Civil Government in thePhilippines

Establish municipal governments

400 laws, among were the following:1. Appropriation of P2,000,000 for the construction and

maintenance of roads and bridges

2. Establishment of the Philippine Constabulary

3. Establishment of Civil Service Commission

4. Establishment of Bureau of Agrigulture

5. Creation of the province of Benguet

6. Organization of municipal and local governments


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Spooner Amendment

The passage of the Spooner

Amendment on March 2, 1901

confirmed the presidential power

to establish a military government

in the Philippines. It also

reiterated the power of the

President to establish a civil

government if the conditions inthe country warranted it.


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The Civil Government

Established on July 4, 1901

The Philippines is for the Filipinos

Peace and order (Visayas and Mindanao) P6,000,000 budget

Buy the Friar Lands (410,000 acres)


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Governor-Generals

William Howard Taft

Luke Wright

Henry Ide

James Francis Smith

William Cameron Forbes

Newton Gilbert

Francis Burton Harrison

Charles Yeater


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Governor-Generals

Leonard Wood

Eugene Allen Gilmore

Henry Stimson

Eugene Allen Gilmore

Dwight Davis

George C. Butte

Theodore Roosevelt, Jr.

Frank Murphy


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The Philippine Bill 0f 1902

Bill of Rights (similar to the Americans)

Resident Commissioners

Establishment of the Philippine Assembly

conditions:

1. Full restoration of peace and order

2. Conduct of a nationwide census

3. A two-year moratorium after thepublication of census


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The Formation of Political Parties

Nacionalista Party

- Wanted immediate independence

Federal Party

- Wanted the Philippines to be a state

of the United States

Sergio Osmea, Sr.

Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera


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The Philippine Assembly

July 30, 1907

Inaugurated on October 16, 1907 at ManilaGrand Opera House

Nacionalista won 59 seats (majority)

Sergio Osmea elected as Speaker of the Houseand Manuel Quezon as Majority Floor Leader

The assemblymen were proud of their newresponsibilities so they did their best in enactinglaws that would uplift the condition of theFilipinos


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The Philippine Assembly

Some of the laws passed by the Assembly were

the following:

1. Gabaldon Act of 1907, which provided for

appropriation of 1,000,000 for theconstruction of schools

2. Establishment of the University of the

Philippines3. Establishment of an agricultural bank which

later became the Philippine National Bank.


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Filipinization of the Government

Francis Burton Harrison (1913-1921)

The Positions held by the Americans

were filled up by qualified Flipinos as

soon as they were vacated

Became even more rapid during the

administration of Gov. Gen. Harrison.He increased the number of Filipinos in

the Philippine Commission

During Gov. Harrisons tenure, the

Civil Retirement Act was passed and

this speeded up Filipinization. By theend of his term in 1921, there were

13,240 Filipinos and only 641

Americans in the civil service.


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JonesLaw of 1916

August 29, 1916

The first organic law which provided for

granting o Philippine independence

From the efforts of Manuel Quezon as

resident commissioner

It provided for a bicameral assembly

It also provided that the executive department

would remain under American control


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Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act and Tydings-

McDuffie Law

Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act

-product of OsRox Mission

-caused the division of the legislature

-rejected on October 17, 1933 by the legislature Tydings-McDuffie Law

-product of Quezon Mission

-almost word-for-word restatement of Hare-

Hawes-Cutting Act-approved unanimously by the legislature on May1, 1934


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Independence by fulfillment of

conditions

The Tydings-McDuffie Law provided for the grantingof independence upon fulfillment of the followingconditions:

1. Acceptance of the law

2. Holding of a Constitutional Convention

3. Ratification of the Constitution by means of aplebiscite

4. General elections for commonwealth officials5. Establishment of a ten-year commonwealth

government


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The Constitutional Convention

Inaugurated on July 30, 1934

Known in history as the 1934 ConstitutionalCommission

Claro M. Recto elected as president as well as the otherFilipinos in the Congress and Senate (RupertoMontinola, First VP; Teodoro Sandiko, Second VP;Narciso Pimentel, Sec.; Narciso Diokno, Sgt. at Arms)

February 8, 1935, approval of the constitution

March 23, 1935, signed and approved by PresidentFranklin Roosevelt

May 14, 1935, ratified in a plebiscite


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Signing of 1935 Constitution


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Election of Commonwealth Officials

September 17, 1935

Coalition Party: Quezon-Osmea tandem

Landslide victory of the coalition Osmea got the highest votes

Quezon surpassed his opponents Gregorio

Aglipay and Emilio Aguinaldo Sworn before Chief Justice Ramon Avancea


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Inauguration of Commonwealth

Government

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