american passages - learner...catharine maria sedgwick (1789–1867) 254 teaching tips 255 questions...
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AMERICANPASSAGESA L I T E R A R Y S U R V E Y
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AMERICANPASSAGESA L I T E R A R Y S U R V E Y
Instructor’s Guide
BW. W. NORTON
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Copyright © 2004 by The Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
First Edition.
Composition by PennSet, Inc.
Manufacturing by Maple-Vail.
Book design by Chris Welch.
Production manager: Diane O’Connor.
ISBN 0-393-97940-7 (pbk.)
W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10110
www.wwnorton.com
W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., Castle House, 75/76 Wells Street, London W1T 3QT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
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BRIEFCONTENTS
WHAT IS AMERICAN LITERATURE? An Overview 3
Unit 1 NATIVE VOICES: Resistance and Renewal in American Indian Literature 31
Unit 2 EXPLORING BORDERLANDS: Contact and Conflict in North America 81
Unit 3 UTOPIAN PROMISE: Puritan and Quaker Utopian Visions, 1620–1750 140
Unit 4 THE SPIRIT OF NATIONALISM: Declaring Independence, 1710–1850 190
Unit 5 MASCULINE HEROES: American Expansion, 1820–1900 243
Unit 6 GOTHIC UNDERCURRENTS: Ambiguity and Anxiety in the Nineteenth Century 297
Unit 7 SLAVERY AND FREEDOM: Race and Identity in Antebellum America 331
Unit 8 REGIONAL REALISM: Depicting the Local in American Literature, 1865–1900 380
Unit 9 SOCIAL REALISM: Class Consciousness in American Literature, 1875–1920 432
Unit 10 RHYTHMS IN POETRY: From the Beat of Blues to the Sounds of Everyday Speech 480
Unit 11 MODERNIST PORTRAITS: Experimentations in Style, World War I to World War II 526
Unit 12 MIGRANT STRUGGLE: The Bounty of the Land in Twentieth-Century American Literature, 1929–1995 572
Unit 13 SOUTHERN RENAISSANCE: Reinventing the South 614
Unit 14 BECOMING VISIBLE: Ethnic Writers and the Literary Mainstream, 1945–1969 664
Unit 15 POETRY OF LIBERATION: Protest Movements and American Counterculture 709
Unit 16 THE SEARCH FOR IDENTITY: American Prose Writers, 1970–Present 758
Appendix: WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE A1
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C O N T E N T S VII
Preface xxv
A CONTEXTUAL APPROACH TO TEACHING AMERICAN LITERATURE xxv
COMPANION ANTHOLOGY AND STUDY GUIDES xxvii
TELLING THE STORY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE xxxiii
GETTING STARTED xxxviii
Acknowledgments xli
TELLING THE STORY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE 3Literary Movements and Historical Change 3Overview Questions 5Contexts 6Multiculturalism 6
LITERATURE IN ITS CULTURAL CONTEXT 8Fine Arts 9History 11Material Culture 13Architecture 15
Religion 17Politics 18Music 19Psychology 22Cultural Geography 23Folklore 24Anthropology 25
GLOSSARY 26
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 29
CONTENTS
WHAT IS AMERICAN LITERATURE?An Overview
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VIII C O N T E N T S
Unit 1
NATIVE VOICESResistance and Renewal in American Indian Literature
NON-NATIVE REPRESENTATIONS OF INDIANS 59Roger Williams (c. 1603–1683) 59
Teaching Tips 61Questions 61Web Archive 61
Thomas Harriot (1560–1621) 62Teaching Tips 62Web Archive 62Questions 63
Suggested Author Pairings 63
CORE CONTEXTS 65“God Is Red”: The Clashes and Contacts of
Native Religion and Christianity 65Web Archive 66Questions 67
Healing Arts: The Navajo Night Chant(Nightway) 67
Questions 69Web Archive 69
Singing Mothers and Storytelling Grandfathers:The Art and Meaning of Pueblo Pottery 70
Web Archive 71Questions 72
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 72Native Weavers and the Art of Basketry 72
Questions 73Web Archive 73
Sacred Play: Gambling in Native Cultures 74Teaching Tips 75Web Archive 75Questions 76
ASSIGNMENTS 76Personal and Creative Responses 76Problem-Based Learning Projects 77
GLOSSARY 78
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 79
FURTHER RESOURCES 80
AUTHORS AND WORKS 31
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 31
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 31
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 32
STUDENT OVERVIEW 33
VIDEO OVERVIEW 34
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 35
TIMELINE 36
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 40Luci Tapahonso (b. 1953) 40
Teaching Tips 41Web Archive 41Questions 42
Simon J. Ortiz (b. 1941) 43Teaching Tips 44Questions 44Web Archive 44
Leslie Marmon Silko (b. 1948) 45Teaching Tips 46Questions 47Web Archive 47
Stories of the Beginning of the World 48Teaching Tips 49Questions 49Web Archive 49
Louise Erdrich (b. 1954) 50Teaching Tips 51Questions 52Web Archive 52
Chippewa Songs 52Teaching Tips 53Questions 53Web Archive 54
Black Elk (1863–1950) and John G. Neihardt(1881–1973) 54
Teaching Tips 56Questions 56Web Archive 56
Ghost Dance Songs 57Teaching Tips 58Questions 59Web Archive 59
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C O N T E N T S IX
Unit 2
EXPLORING BORDERLANDSContact and Conflict in North America
AUTHORS AND WORKS 81
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 81
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 82
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 82
STUDENT OVERVIEW 84
VIDEO OVERVIEW 85
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 87
TIMELINE 88
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 90Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) 90
Teaching Tips 91Questions 92Web Archive 92
Bartolomé de las Casas (1474–1566) 93Teaching Tips 95Questions 95Web Archive 95
Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1492–1584) 97Teaching Tips 98Web Archive 98Questions 99
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (c. 1490–1558) 99Teaching Tips 101Questions 101Web Archive 101
Garcilaso de la Vega (1539–1616) 102Teaching Tips 103Questions 103Web Archive 103
Samuel de Champlain (c. 1570–1635) 105Teaching Tips 106Questions 106Web Archive 106
John Smith (1580–1631) 107Teaching Tips 108Questions 110Web Archive 110
Adriaen Van der Donck (1620–1655) 111Teaching Tips 112Questions 112Web Archive 112
Americo Paredes (1915–1999) 113Teaching Tips 114Web Archive 114Questions 115
Gloria Anzaldúa (b. 1942) 115Teaching Tips 116Questions 117Web Archive 117
Suggested Author Pairings 118
CORE CONTEXTS 120Shared Spaces: Contact Zones and
Borderlands 120Web Archive 121Questions 122
Writing without Words: A Native AmericanView of Culture and the Conquest 123
Questions 125Web Archive 125
Model Women: La Virgen de Guadalupe, LaLlorona, and La Malinche as Archetypes ofMexican Femininity 126
Questions 129Web Archive 129
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 130Working Wonders: The Experience of “La
Maravilla/The Marvelous” in New WorldEncounters 130
Web Archive 131Questions 132
The Romance of Colonization 132Web Archive 133Questions 134
ASSIGNMENTS 134Personal and Creative Responses 134Problem-Based Learning Projects 135
GLOSSARY 135
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 138
FURTHER RESOURCES 139
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X C O N T E N T S
Unit 3
UTOPIAN PROMISEPuritan and Quaker Utopian Visions, 1620–1750
John Woolman (1720–1772) 164Web Archive 165Teaching Tips 166Questions 166
Samson Occom (1723–1792) 167Teaching Tips 168Questions 168Web Archive 168
Suggested Author Pairings 169
CORE CONTEXTS 171Apocalypse: The End of the World as They
Knew It 171Questions 173Web Archive 173
Souls in Need of Salvation, Satan’s Agents, orBrothers in Peace?: English Settlers’ Views ofNative Americans 174
Web Archive 176Questions 177
Puritan Typology: Living the Bible 178Questions 180Web Archive 181
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 181The Doctrine of Weaned Affections: In Search
of Spiritual Milk 181Web Archive 182Questions 183
Plain Style: Keeping It Simple 183Questions 184Web Archive 184
ASSIGNMENTS 185Personal and Creative Responses 185Problem-Based Learning Projects 185
GLOSSARY 186
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 188
FURTHER RESOURCES 189
AUTHORS AND WORKS 140
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 140
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 140
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 141
STUDENT OVERVIEW 142
VIDEO OVERVIEW 143
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 144
TIMELINE 144
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 146William Bradford (1590–1657) 146
Teaching Tips 147Questions 148Web Archive 148
Thomas Morton (c. 1579–1647) 148Teaching Tips 149Questions 150Web Archive 150
John Winthrop (1588–1649) 150Teaching Tips 151Questions 152Web Archive 152
Anne Bradstreet (c. 1612–1672) 152Teaching Tips 153Questions 154Web Archive 154
Mary Rowlandson (c. 1636–1711) 155Teaching Tips 156Questions 157Web Archive 157
Edward Taylor (c. 1642–1729) 158Teaching Tips 159Questions 159Web Archive 160
William Penn (1644–1718) 160Teaching Tips 161Web Archive 161Questions 162
Sarah Kemble Knight (1666–1727) 162Teaching Tips 163Questions 164Web Archive 164
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C O N T E N T S XI
Unit 4
THE SPIRIT OF NATIONALISMDeclaring Independence, 1710–1850
AUTHORS AND WORKS 190
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 190
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 191
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 191
STUDENT OVERVIEW 192
VIDEO OVERVIEW 193
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 194
TIMELINE 195
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 197Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758) 197
Teaching Tips 198Questions 199Web Archive 199
Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) 199Teaching Tips 200Questions 201Web Archive 201
J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur (1735–1813) 202
Teaching Tips 202Questions 203Web Archive 203
Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) 204Teaching Tips 205Web Archive 205Questions 206
Phillis Wheatley (c. 1753–1784) 207Teaching Tips 208Questions 208Web Archive 208
Royall Tyler (1757–1826) 209Teaching Tips 210Questions 211Web Archive 211
Susanna Rowson (c. 1762–1824) 212Teaching Tips 213Questions 214Web Archive 214
William Apess (1798–1839) 214Web Archive 215Teaching Tips 216Questions 216
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) 217Teaching Tips 218Web Archive 218Questions 219
Margaret Fuller (1810–1850) 220Teaching Tips 222Questions 222Web Archive 223
Suggested Author Pairings 223
CORE CONTEXTS 225Every Man for Himself: American
Individualism 225Questions 227Web Archive 227
A New Rome: Neoclassicism in the New Nation 228
Questions 230Web Archive 230
Mammoth Nation: Natural History andNational Ideals 231
Web Archive 233Questions 234
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 234The Awful Truth: The Aesthetic of the
Sublime 234Questions 236Web Archive 236
Miss America: The Image of Columbia 236Questions 238Web Archive 238
ASSIGNMENTS 238Personal and Creative Responses 238Problem-Based Learning Projects 239
GLOSSARY 239
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 241
FURTHER RESOURCES 242
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XII C O N T E N T S
Unit 5
MASCULINE HEROESAmerican Expansion, 1820–1900
Maria Amparo Ruiz de Burton (c. 1832–1895) 271
Teaching Tips 272Web Archive 272Questions 273
Nat Love (1854–1921) 273Teaching Tips 274Questions 275Web Archive 275
Suggested Author Pairings 276
CORE CONTEXTS 277America Unbridled: The Iron Horse and
Manifest Destiny 277Questions 280Web Archive 280
Competing Claims: The California Gold Rush 281
Web Archive 282Questions 283
Paradise of Bachelors: The Social World of Menin Nineteenth-Century America 284
Questions 286Web Archive 286
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 287Star-Spangled Moccasins: The American Flag in
Native American Culture 287Questions 289Web Archive 289
Picturing America: The Hudson River SchoolPainters 289
Questions 291Web Archive 291
ASSIGNMENTS 291Personal and Creative Responses 291Problem-Based Learning Projects 292
GLOSSARY 293
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 294
FURTHER RESOURCES 295
AUTHORS AND WORKS 243
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 243
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 244
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 244
STUDENT OVERVIEW 245
VIDEO OVERVIEW 246
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 248
TIMELINE 248
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 250James Fenimore Cooper (1789–1851) 250
Teaching Tips 251Questions 252Web Archive 252
Catharine Maria Sedgwick (1789–1867) 254Teaching Tips 255Questions 255Web Archive 255
Cherokee Memorials 256Teaching Tips 257Questions 258Web Archive 258
Corridos 259Teaching Tips 260Web Archive 260Questions 261
Caroline Stansbury Kirkland (1801–1864) 262Teaching Tips 263Questions 263Web Archive 263
Louise Amelia Smith Clappe (1819–1906) 264Teaching Tips 265Questions 265Web Archive 265
Walt Whitman (1819–1892) 266Teaching Tips 267Web Archive 267Questions 268
John Rollin Ridge (Yellow Bird) (1827–1867) 269
Teaching Tips 270Questions 270Web Archive 270
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C O N T E N T S XIII
Unit 6
GOTHIC UNDERCURRENTSAmbiguity and Anxiety in the Nineteenth Century
AUTHORS AND WORKS 297
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 297
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 297
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 298
STUDENT OVERVIEW 299
VIDEO OVERVIEW 300
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 301
TIMELINE 302
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 303Charles Brockden Brown (1771–1810) 303
Teaching Tip 303Questions 303Web Archive 303
Washington Irving (1783–1859) 304Teaching Tip 304Web Archive 304Questions 305
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804–1864) 305Teaching Tips 306Questions 306Web Archive 306
William Gilmore Simms (1806–1870) 307Web Archive 307Teaching Tip 308Questions 308
Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849) 308Teaching Tips 309Questions 309Web Archive 309
Henry Ward Beecher (1813–1887) 310Teaching Tip 311Questions 311Web Archive 311
Herman Melville (1819–1891) 311Teaching Tips 312Questions 312Web Archive 312
Emily Dickinson (1830–1886) 313Teaching Tips 314Questions 314Web Archive 314
Ambrose Bierce (1842–1914?) 314Teaching Tip 315Questions 315Web Archive 315
Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860–1935) 315Teaching Tips 316Questions 316Web Archive 316
Suggested Author Pairings 317
CORE CONTEXTS 318Swamps, Dismal and Otherwise 318
Questions 319Web Archive 319
The Spirit Is Willing: The Occult and Women inthe Nineteenth Century 320
Questions 322Web Archive 322
America on the Rocks: The Image of the “Shipof State” 322
Questions 324Web Archive 324
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 324Unnatural Reason/Weird Science 324
Questions 325Web Archive 325
“Sleeping Beauty”: Sentimentalizing Death inthe Nineteenth Century 325
Questions 326Web Archive 326
ASSIGNMENTS 327Personal and Creative Responses 327Problem-Based Learning Projects 327
GLOSSARY 328
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 329
FURTHER RESOURCES 330
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XIV C O N T E N T S
Unit 7
SLAVERY AND FREEDOMRace and Identity in Antebellum America
William and Ellen Craft (c. 1826–1897) 356Teaching Tips 357Questions 358Web Archive 358
Helen Hunt Jackson (1830–1885) 359Teaching Tips 360Questions 360Web Archive 360
Suggested Author Pairings 361
CORE CONTEXTS 362The Radical in the Kitchen: Women,
Domesticity, and Social Reform 362Questions 364Web Archive 365
Resistance, Rebellion, and Running Away: Actsof Defiance in Slave Culture 366
Questions 368Web Archive 368
Stirring Things Up: Slaves and the Creation ofAfrican American Culture 369
Web Archive 370Questions 371
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 371The Plantation: Cultivating a Myth 371
Questions 372Web Archive 372
Beyond the Pale: Interracial Relationships and“The Tragic Mulatta” 373
Questions 374Web Archive 374
ASSIGNMENTS 375Personal and Creative Responses 375Problem-Based Learning Projects 376
GLOSSARY 376
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 378
FURTHER RESOURCES 379
AUTHORS AND WORKS 331
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 331
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 331
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 332
STUDENT OVERVIEW 333
VIDEO OVERVIEW 334
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 335
TIMELINE 336
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 338Sorrow Songs 338
Teaching Tips 338Web Archive 338Questions 339
Briton Hammon (fl. 1760) 339Teaching Tips 340Questions 340Web Archive 340
Lydia Maria Child (1802–1880) 341Teaching Tips 342Web Archive 342Questions 343
Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) 344Teaching Tips 345Questions 345Web Archive 345
Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811–1896) 346Teaching Tips 347Questions 348Web Archive 348
Harriet Jacobs (c. 1813–1897) 348Teaching Tips 350Questions 351Web Archive 351
Frederick Douglass (1818–1895) 351Teaching Tips 352Web Archive 352Questions 353
Lorenzo Asisara (b. 1819) 353Teaching Tips 355Questions 355Web Archive 355
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C O N T E N T S XV
AUTHORS AND WORKS 380
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 380
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 380
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 381
STUDENT OVERVIEW 382
VIDEO OVERVIEW 383
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 385
TIMELINE 386
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 388Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) (1835–1910) 388
Teaching Tips 389Web Archive 389Questions 390
Bret Harte (1836–1902) 390Teaching Tips 391Questions 392Web Archive 392
Joel Chandler Harris (1848–1908) 392Teaching Tips 394Questions 394Web Archive 394
Sarah Orne Jewett (1849–1909) 396Teaching Tips 397Questions 398Web Archive 398
Kate Chopin (1851–1904) 398Teaching Tips 399Questions 400Web Archive 400
Mary E. Wilkins Freeman (1852–1930) 400Teaching Tips 402Questions 402Web Archive 402
Charles W. Chesnutt (1858–1932) 403Teaching Tips 404Questions 404Web Archive 404
Charles Alexander Eastman (Ohiyesa)(1858–1939) 405
Teaching Tips 406Web Archive 406Questions 407
Alexander Posey (1873–1908) 407Teaching Tips 408Web Archive 408Questions 409
Zitkala-Ša (Gertrude Simmons Bonnin)(1876–1938) 409
Teaching Tips 410Questions 411Web Archive 411
Suggested Author Pairings 412
CORE CONTEXTS 413The Best Seat in the House: Parlors and the
Development of Gentility in Nineteenth-Century America 413
Questions 415Web Archive 415
Moving Pictures: Native American Self-Narration 416
Web Archive 418Questions 419
Black, White, and Yellow: Coloring the News inLate-Nineteenth-Century America 419
Questions 422Web Archive 422
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 423Monkeying Around: Trickster Figures and
American Culture 423Questions 425Web Archive 425
The Human Framed: Anatomy, Photography,and Realism in Nineteenth-Century America 425
Questions 427Web Archive 427
ASSIGNMENTS 427Personal and Creative Responses 427Problem-Based Learning Projects 428
GLOSSARY 428
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 430
FURTHER RESOURCES 431
Unit 8
REGIONAL REALISMDepicting the Local in American Literature, 1865–1900
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XVI C O N T E N T S
AUTHORS AND WORKS 432
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 432
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 433
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 433
STUDENT OVERVIEW 434
VIDEO OVERVIEW 435
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 437
TIMELINE 438
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 439Sarah Morgan Bryan Piatt (1836–1919) 439
Teaching Tips 440Questions 440Web Archive 440
Henry James (1843–1916) 441Teaching Tips 442Questions 443Web Archive 443
Booker T. Washington (1856–1915) 444Teaching Tips 445Questions 446Web Archive 446
Abraham Cahan (1860–1951) 446Teaching Tips 448Questions 448Web Archive 448
Edith Wharton (1862–1937) 449Teaching Tips 450Questions 450Web Archive 450
Sui Sin Far (Edith Maud Eaton) (1865–1914) 451
Teaching Tips 452Web Archive 452Questions 453
W. E. B. Du Bois (1868–1963) 453Teaching Tips 455Questions 456Web Archive 456
Theodore Dreiser (1871–1945) 456Teaching Tips 457Questions 458Web Archive 458
Henry Adams (1838–1918) 458Teaching Tips 460Questions 460Web Archive 461
Anzia Yezierska (c. 1880–1970) 461Teaching Tips 463Questions 463Web Archive 463
Suggested Author Pairings 464
CORE CONTEXTS 465The Gospel of Wealth: Robber Barons and the
Rise of Monopoly Capitalism 465Web Archive 466Questions 467
Making Amendments: The Woman SuffrageMovement 467
Web Archive 469Questions 470
Coming to America: Immigrants at Ellis Island 470
Questions 472Web Archive 472
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 473How the Other Half Lived: The Lower
East Side 473Questions 474Web Archive 474
Elevating an Elite: W. E. B. Du Bois and theTalented Tenth 474
Questions 475Web Archive 476
ASSIGNMENTS 476Personal and Creative Responses 476Problem-Based Learning Projects 476
GLOSSARY 477
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 478
FURTHER RESOURCES 479
Unit 9
SOCIAL REALISMClass Consciousness in American Literature, 1875–1920
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C O N T E N T S XVII
AUTHORS AND WORKS 480
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 480
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 481
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 481
STUDENT OVERVIEW 482
VIDEO OVERVIEW 483
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 485
TIMELINE 486
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 488Robert Frost (1874–1963) 488
Teaching Tip 489Questions 489Web Archive 489
Carl Sandburg (1878–1967) 490Teaching Tips 491Questions 491Web Archive 491
William Carlos Williams (1883–1963) 492Teaching Tips 493Questions 494Web Archive 494
Ezra Pound (1885–1972) 494Web Archive 495Teaching Tips 496Questions 496
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle) (1886–1961) 496Teaching Tips 497Web Archive 497Questions 498
T. S. Eliot (1888–1965) 498Teaching Tips 499Questions 500Web Archive 500
Claude McKay (1889–1948) 501Teaching Tips 502Web Archive 502Questions 503
Genevieve Taggard (1894–1948) 503Teaching Tips 504Questions 504Web Archive 504
Jean Toomer (1894–1967) 505Teaching Tips 506Questions 506Web Archive 506
Langston Hughes (1902–1967) 507Teaching Tips 508Web Archive 508Questions 509
Suggested Author Pairings 509
CORE CONTEXTS 511Harlem in the 1920s: The Cultural Heart of
America 511Questions 512Web Archive 512
Orientalism: Looking East 513Questions 515Web Archive 515
Primitivism: An Antidote for the Modern 515Web Archive 517Questions 518
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 518Broadcasting Modernization: Radio and the
Battle over Poetry 518Questions 519Web Archive 519
The New Negro and the Reconstruction ofAfrican American Identity 519
Questions 520Web Archive 522
ASSIGNMENTS 521Personal and Creative Responses 521Problem-Based Learning Projects 521
GLOSSARY 522
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 524
FURTHER RESOURCES 524
Unit 10
RHYTHMS IN POETRYFrom the Beat of Blues to the Sounds of Everyday Speech
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XVIII C O N T E N T S
AUTHORS AND WORKS 526
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 526
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 526
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 527
STUDENT OVERVIEW 529
VIDEO OVERVIEW 530
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 531
TIMELINE 532
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 533Gertrude Stein (1874–1946) 533
Teaching Tips 533Questions 534Web Archive 534
Susan Glaspell (1876–1948) 535Teaching Tips 536Questions 536Web Archive 536
Sherwood Anderson (1876–1941) 537Teaching Tip 538Questions 538Web Archive 538
Wallace Stevens (1879–1955) 539Teaching Tips 539Questions 540Web Archive 540
Marianne Moore (1887–1972) 540Teaching Tips 541Questions 542Web Archive 542
Nella Larsen (1891–1964) 542Teaching Tips 543Questions 544Web Archive 544
F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896–1940) 545Teaching Tips 546Questions 546Web Archive 546
John Dos Passos (1896–1970) 547Teaching Tips 548Questions 548Web Archive 548
Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961) 549Teaching Tip 550Questions 550Web Archive 550
Hart Crane (1899–1932) 551Teaching Tips 552Questions 552Web Archive 552
Suggested Author Pairings 553
CORE CONTEXTS 555The War to End All Wars: The Impact of
World War I 555Web Archive 556Questions 557
Modernity and Technology: The Age ofMachines 558
Questions 560Web Archive 560
Cultural Change, Cultural Exchange: The JazzAge, the Depression, and TransatlanticModernism 561
Questions 563Web Archive 563
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 564“An Explosion in a Shingle Factory”: The
Armory Show and the Advent of Modern ArtQuestions 565Web Archive 566
Experimentation and Modernity: Paris,1900–1930 565
Questions 566Web Archive 568
ASSIGNMENTS 567Personal and Creative Responses 567Problem-Based Learning Projects 567
GLOSSARY 568
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 570
FURTHER RESOURCES 571
Unit 11
MODERNIST PORTRAITSExperimentations in Style, World War I to World War II
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C O N T E N T S XIX
AUTHORS AND WORKS 572
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 572
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 573
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 573
STUDENT OVERVIEW 574
VIDEO OVERVIEW 575
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 577
TIMELINE 578
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 580Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862) 580
Teaching Tips 581Questions 581Web Archive 581
Upton Sinclair (1878–1968) 581Teaching Tips 582Web Archive 582Questions 583
Robinson Jeffers (1887–1962) 583Teaching Tips 584Questions 584Web Archive 584
John Steinbeck (1902–1968) 585Teaching Tips 585Web Archive 585Questions 586
Muriel Rukeyser (1913–1980) 586Teaching Tips 587Questions 587Web Archive 587
Carlos Bulosan (1913–1956) 588Teaching Tips 589Questions 589Web Archive 589
Tomas Rivera (1935–1984) 590Teaching Tips 591Questions 591Web Archive 591
Rudolfo Anaya (b. 1937) 591Teaching Tips 592Questions 592Web Archive 592
Alberto Ríos (b. 1952) 593Teaching Tip 593Web Archive 593Questions 594
Helena Maria Viramontes (b. 1954) 594Teaching Tips 595Questions 595Web Archive 595
Suggested Author Pairings 596
CORE CONTEXTS 597The Great Depression and the Dust Bowl 597
Questions 598Web Archive 598
Documentary Photography and Film 599Questions 601Web Archive 601
Unionism and the Farm Workers Movement 601
Web Archive 603Questions 604
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 604Socialism and Communism 604
Questions 606Web Archive 606
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) 607Questions 608Web Archive 608
ASSIGNMENTS 608Personal and Creative Responses 608Problem-Based Learning Projects 609
GLOSSARY 610
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 612
FURTHER RESOURCES 613
Unit 12
MIGRANT STRUGGLEThe Bounty of the Land in Twentieth-Century American Literature, 1929–1995
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XX C O N T E N T S
AUTHORS AND WORKS 614
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 614
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 614
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 615
STUDENT OVERVIEW 616
VIDEO OVERVIEW 617
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 619
TIMELINE 620
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 621John Crowe Ransom (1888–1974) 621
Teaching Tips 622Questions 622Web Archive 622
Katherine Anne Porter (1890–1980) 622Teaching Tips 623Questions 624Web Archive 624
Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960) 625Teaching Tips 626Web Archive 626Questions 627
William Faulkner (1897–1962) 627Teaching Tips 629Questions 629Web Archive 629
Thomas Wolfe (1900–1938) 630Teaching Tips 631Questions 632Web Archive 632
Robert Penn Warren (1905–1989) 633Teaching Tips 633Questions 634Web Archive 634
Richard Wright (1908–1960) 635Teaching Tip 635Questions 636Web Archive 636
Eudora Welty (1909–2001) 637Teaching Tips 638Questions 638Web Archive 638
Tennessee Williams (1911–1983) 639Teaching Tips 640Questions 640Web Archive 641
Flannery O’Connor (1925–1965) 641Teaching Tips 642Questions 643Web Archive 643
Suggested Author Pairings 643
CORE CONTEXTS 645Taking a Stand: The Southern Agrarians
Respond to a Changing World 645Questions 647Web Archive 647
Separate Is Not Equal: Enforcing the Codes ofthe Jim Crow South 648
Questions 650Web Archive 650
Mass Culture Invasion: The Rise of MotionPictures 651
Questions 653Web Archive 653
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 654Hitting the Road: How Automobiles and
Highways Transformed American Life 654Questions 655Web Archive 655
Promises Unfulfilled: Sharecropping in theSouth 656
Questions 657Web Archive 658
ASSIGNMENTS 658Personal and Creative Responses 658Problem-Based Learning Projects 658
GLOSSARY 659
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 661
FURTHER RESOURCES 662
Unit 13
SOUTHERN RENAISSANCEReinventing the South
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C O N T E N T S XXI
AUTHORS AND WORKS 664
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 664
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 665
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 665
STUDENT OVERVIEW 666
VIDEO OVERVIEW 668
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 670
TIMELINE 671
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 672Bernard Malamud (1914–1986) 672
Teaching Tip 673Questions 673Web Archive 673
Ralph Ellison (1914–1994) 673Teaching Tips 674Web Archive 674Questions 675
Saul Bellow (b. 1915) 676Teaching Tips 676Web Archive 676Questions 677
Arthur Miller (b. 1915) 678Teaching Tips 678Web Archive 678Questions 679
Gwendolyn Brooks (1917–2000) 680Teaching Tips 680Web Archive 680Questions 681
Grace Paley (b. 1922) 681Teaching Tips 682Questions 682Web Archive 682
James Baldwin (1924–1987) 683Teaching Tips 684Questions 684Web Archive 684
Paule Marshall (b. 1929) 685Teaching Tips 685Questions 686Web Archive 686
Philip Roth (b. 1933) 686Teaching Tips 687Web Archive 687Questions 688
N. Scott Momaday (b. 1934) 688Teaching Tips 689Web Archive 689Questions 690
Suggested Author Pairings 690
CORE CONTEXTS 692With Justice for All: From World War II to the
Civil Rights Movement 692Web Archive 693Questions 694
Suburban Dreams: Levittown, New York 695Questions 696Web Archive 696
Living with the Atomic Bomb: NativeAmericans and the Postwar Uranium Boomand Nuclear Reactions 697
Questions 699Web Archive 699
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 700Jazz Aesthetics 700
Questions 701Web Archive 701
Baseball: An American Pastime 701Questions 703Web Archive 703
ASSIGNMENTS 704Personal and Creative Responses 704Problem-Based Learning Projects 705
GLOSSARY 706
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 707
FURTHER RESOURCES 708
Unit 14
BECOMING VISIBLEEthnic Writers and the Literary Mainstream, 1945–1969
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XXII C O N T E N T S
AUTHORS AND WORKS 709
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 709
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 710
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 710
STUDENT OVERVIEW 712
VIDEO OVERVIEW 713
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 714
TIMELINE 715
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 716Allen Ginsberg (1926–1997) 716
Teaching Tips 717Questions 717Web Archive 717
John Ashbery (b. 1927) 718Teaching Tips 719Web Archive 719Questions 720
James Wright (1927–1980) 721Teaching Tip 722Questions 722Web Archive 722
Adrienne Rich (b. 1929) 723Teaching Tips 724Questions 724Web Archive 725
Gary Snyder (b. 1930) 726Teaching Tip 727Questions 727Web Archive 727
Sylvia Plath (1932–1963) 728Teaching Tips 729Questions 730Web Archive 730
Audre Lorde (1934–1992) 731Teaching Tip 731Web Archive 731Questions 732
Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) (b. 1934) 733Teaching Tips 734Questions 734Web Archive 734
Joy Harjo (b. 1951) 735Teaching Tips 735Questions 736Web Archive 736
Lorna Dee Cervantes (b. 1954) 737Teaching Tip 737Web Archive 737Questions 738
Suggested Author Pairings 739
CORE CONTEXTS 741The War in Vietnam: The War at Home 741
Questions 742Web Archive 743
The Beat Generation: Living (and Writing) onthe Edge 743
Questions 745Web Archive 745
Black Arts: A Separate Voice 745Questions 746Web Archive 747
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 748The Women’s Movement: Diving into
the Wreck 748Web Archive 750Questions 751
Poetry of Transcendence: Poets Look to theAmerican Landscape 751
Questions 753Web Archive 753
ASSIGNMENTS 754Personal and Creative Responses 754Problem-Based Learning Projects 755
GLOSSARY 755
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 756
FURTHER RESOURCES 756
Unit 15
POETRY OF LIBERATIONProtest Movements and American Counterculture
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C O N T E N T S XXIII
AUTHORS AND WORKS 758
OVERVIEW QUESTIONS 758
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 759
INSTRUCTOR OVERVIEW 759
STUDENT OVERVIEW 760
VIDEO OVERVIEW 761
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR THE VIDEO 762
TIMELINE 763
AUTHOR/TEXT REVIEW 766Toni Morrison (b. 1931) 766
Teaching Tips 766Web Archive 766Questions 767
Thomas Pynchon (b. 1937) 768Teaching Tips 768Web Archive 768Questions 769
Toni Cade Bambara (1939–1995) 770Teaching Tips 771Questions 771Web Archive 771
Maxine Hong Kingston (b. 1940) 772Teaching Tips 773Questions 773Web Archive 773
Diane Glancy (b. 1941) 775Teaching Tips 775Web Archive 775Questions 776
Alice Walker (b. 1944) 777Teaching Tips 777Web Archive 777Questions 778
David Mamet (b. 1947) 779Teaching Tips 780Questions 780Web Archive 781
Leslie Feinberg (b. 1949) 782Teaching Tips 782Questions 783Web Archive 783
Judith Ortiz Cofer (b. 1952) 783Teaching Tips 784Questions 784Web Archive 784
Sandra Cisneros (b. 1954) 786Teaching Tips 787Questions 787Web Archive 787
Suggested Author Pairings 788
CORE CONTEXTS 790Escaping Their Cages: Performance Artists in
the Twentieth Century 790Questions 792Web Archive 792
Memorials: The Art of Memory 793Questions 795Web Archive 795
Collage: Putting the Pieces Together 797Questions 799Web Archive 799
EXTENDED CONTEXTS 800Gay and Lesbian Identities in Contemporary
American Writing 800Questions 802Web Archive 802
Locking the Gates: The City within the City 803Questions 803Web Archive 803
ASSIGNMENTS 804Personal and Creative Responses 804Problem-Based Learning Projects 805
GLOSSARY 806
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 807
FURTHER RESOURCES 808
Unit 16
THE SEARCH FOR IDENTITYAmerican Prose Writers, 1970–Present
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XXIV C O N T E N T S
Getting Started A1Thesis Sentences A1Introductions A3Making Arguments A3Paragraphs A8Comparisons A9Conclusions A9Revising and Peer Editing A10
Taking Exams A10Grammar and Punctuation Tips A12Writing Web Pages A13Creating a Slide Show A14A Brief Overview of MLA Style A16
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY A17
APPENDIXWriting about Literature