american political parties - ms. cimino's u.s. history...
TRANSCRIPT
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American Political Parties
What are major / third political parties? What is the �two-party system�?
How has it effected American politics / elections?
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What Is a Political Party? • A political party is a group of citizens
who agree on major issues facing the nation – Economic, social, foreign policy, etc.
• This group works together to win elections and create public policies that reflect their views of society
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Political Parties in the US • The United States has a �two-party system�. – Two (2) major parties – Both parties work to win
over voters and control of local, state, and national offices
• Why only two parties? – Our History – Tradition – Our Election System
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What is the difference between a �liberal� and a
�conservative�? • �Liberal� -
– Equal rights of all individuals
– Government protection / assistance
– Gradual change
• Issues: – Equal rights for all – Social services – Government assistance
• �Conservative� - – Personal empowerment – Limited government – Personal liberty – Keep the status quo (unless…)
• Issues: – Less taxation / assistance – More traditional values – More economic independence
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US Political Spectrum
“Right” “Left”
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Radicals “move forward quickly”
Reactionaries “go back” to the old days
“Left” “Right”
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How do these terms effect our American political parties?
• Democrats: – (�liberal� - �the left�)
• Beliefs: – �Big� Government – Strict Regulations – More social programs – Pro-Choice – Smaller military
• Republicans: – (�conservative� - �the
right�)
• Beliefs: – �Small� government – Less Regulations – Less taxes / spending – Pro-Life – Strong military
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Parties Move Towards The Center • A platform is a
statement that puts forth the party's positions on issues. – Each individual
issue is called a plank.
• Both parties want votes. As a result, parties moving away from extreme positions. – �Moderate� (�The Middle�)
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Hamilton vs. Jefferson
• Political parties first emerged when followers of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson disagreed over major issues on the Constitution and government.
• Jefferson�s group: Democratic-Republicans.
– Feared a powerful central government. – Wanted the states to hold more power.
• Hamilton�s group: Federalists – Championed a strong national government
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Two Parties…One Administration?
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Jacksonian Democracy Reigns
• In 1828, the Democratic Party formed under the guidance of President Andrew Jackson. – Stood for the common citizen – Looked out for southern and western interests
(slavery)
• Those who did not support Jackson formed their own party called Whigs
• The Whigs and Democrats made up the two key parties in American politics for the next two (2) decades (20 years).
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Whigs = A Failed Party?
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The Two Major Parties Emerge
• In 1854 the Republican Party formed – Opposed the spread of slavery in US
territories – Gained prominent w/ the election of
President Abraham Lincoln in 1860
• The Whigs faded from American politics leaving the Democrats and Republicans in a two-party system that has dominated American politics ever since.
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Liberal
Conservative
Federalists
Democratic Republicans
Democratic Party
Whigs Republican
Party
Democratic Party
Democratic Party
Republican Party
1700’s 1820’s 1860’s 1930’s
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How is a political party organized at the national level?
• Political parties at the national level are organized around four (4) levels: – Party Convention
• Develops platforms – National Committee
• Handles party affairs – National Chairperson
• Directs party affairs – Campaign Committees
• Run elections
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How are political parties organized at the state / local level?
• State: – Similar to the national
level, but for the state
• Local: – Varies widely – Often focused on city
districts / individual polling place
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What are �third parties�? • Any party other than the two major
parties is known as a �third party.� • No third party has ever gained
control of the White House. – Success in Congress – Offices in lower levels of government.
• When these smaller groups challenge the two major parties, they can change the outcome of elections
Ralph Nader, Green Party Candidate, 2000
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Successful Third Party Politicians
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Successful Third Party Politicians
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Successful Third Party Politicians
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Is the Tea Party Next?
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What are �third parties�?
• Ideological Parties: – Third Parties who base
their political platform on a particular set of social or moral beliefs
• Examples: – Libertarian Party – Socialist Party – Communist Party
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What are �third parties�? • Single-Issue Parties:
– Third parties who base their political platform on a single-primary issue
• Examples: – Free-Soil Party – �Know-Nothing� Party – Right to Life Party
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What are �third parties�? • Economic Protest
Parties: – Third parties who base
their political platform on economic problems
• Examples: – Greenback Party – Popularist Party – The Tea Party
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What are �third parties�? • Splinter Parties:
– Third parties who have broken away from the major parties to pursue their own agenda
• Examples: – �Bull Moose� Party – Progressive Party – American Party
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How do voters generally receive third parties?
• Generally, third parties play the role of �spoiler� in an election
• Sometimes their issues get absorbed into the two-major parties