american red cross unit new 2015-16 · why certification? certification vs. good samaritan law...

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AMERICAN RED CROSS CERTIFICATION COURSE

FIRST AID/CPR/AED FOR

SCHOOLS & THE COMMUNITY

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CERTIFICATION SCHEDULE/INFORMATION:

FEE AMOUNT: (CASH OR CHECK PAYABLE TO CHS) DUE DATE:

MY PRACTICAL EXAM DATE: MY WRITTEN EXAM DATE:

MY WRITTEN EXAM RETEST DEADLINE (IF NEEDED):

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AMERICAN RED CROSS CERTIFICATION COURSE INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION

IMPORTANT NOTE: THIS IS A RED CROSS PROGRAM WITH APPLICABLE RED CROSS STUDENT FEES FOR CERTIFICATION. ALL FEES AND DEADLINES ARE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STUDENT. PLEASE BE SURE TO MEET ALL DEADLINES FOR FEES AND TESTING TO AVOID FORFEITURE OF YOUR CERTIFICATION OPPORTUNITY.

I. Health precautions and guidelines during training a. Cleaning, decontamination and disease transmission

1. If guidelines are followed, you reduce the risk of disease transmission. 2. Request a breathing barrier and/or separate manikin…

a) If you have an acute condition (cold, sore throat, cuts or sores on hands or around mouth, etc.)

b) If you know you are seropositive (have had a positive blood test) for hepatitis b, hepatitis c or the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

c) If you have any type of condition that makes you unusually likely to get an infection.

d) To obtain information about testing for individual health status, visit the CDC website at: www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/c/faq.htm

e) Note: Persons who have had a hepatitis b vaccine will test positive for the hepatitis antibody. This should not be confused with a positive test for the hepatitis b surface antigen.

3. Cleaning guidelines a) Wash your hands thoroughly before participating in class activities involving use of

the manikins and/or AED b) Do not eat, drink, chew gum or use any lip balms while using the manikins c) Clean the manikin properly before use.

1) Wipe the manikins face and inner mouth vigorously with a gauze pad soaked in a fresh solution of liquid chlorine bleach (one quarter cup sodium hypochlorite to one gallon of tap water).

2) Allow the surfaces to remain wet for at least 1 minute. 3) Wipe dry with a clean paper towel 4) Do not place your finger into the mouth of a manikin to demonstrate a

finger sweep on a choking victim – simulate this skill unless otherwise directed by your instructor.

4. Physical stress and injury a) Successful course completion requires full participation in classroom and skill

sessions, as well as successful performance in skill and knowledge evaluations. b) Due to the nature of the skills in this course, you will be participating in strenuous

activities, such as performing CPR on the floor. c) If you have a medical condition or disability that will prevent you from

participating in the skills practice sessions, please let your classroom teacher know as soon as possible so that accommodations can be made.

d) Be aware that you will not be eligible to receive a course completion certificate unless you participate fully and meet all course objectives and prerequisites.

II. American Red Cross Preparedness Guidelines a. Have a family disaster plan – both household and individual

1. Build a home and school disaster supply kit in case you are confined to your home for an extended period of time due to disaster, storm, etc. and/or are told to evacuate on short notice

b. Get trained! c. Volunteer! d. Give Blood! e. For more information, visit www.redcross.org

http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hepatitis/c/faq.htm

http://www.redcross.org

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PROCEDURES FOR PRACTICAL AND WRITTEN CERTFICATION EXAM DAY

1 Arrive no later than 7:15am in the large gym on the Irish Road side of the facility. 2 Arrive well rested… you will be taking tests that involve physical activity… sleep well the night before! 3 Studying should be spread over several weeks – not one night. 4 Enter via the small gym to the front gym lobby to pick up registration materials, then move to the large gym 5 Certification Day Do’s and Don’ts…

a. DO… i. Bring your health notebook ii. Bring a pencil iii. Bring water, if you’d like iv. Bring some type of lip balm for AFTER certification v. Tie up long hair (not optional – we MUST see your mouth on the manikin) vi. Store your valuables in your hall locker or gym locker (or don’t bring them at all!) vii. Wear comfortable clothing that meets the school dress code (you will be on the floor and working

around bleach all day – don’t wear your favorite clothing!) viii. Bring your books for Periods 5-‐8 (you may be attending those classes) ix. Bring ALL of your homework – completed! Your teachers will expect it!

b. DON’T’s… i. Bring your backpack to the gym ii. Bring pens/markers, etc. to the gym – you may not use ink products around the manikins iii. Bring valuables to the gym – no cell phones may be used during certification iv. Bring food or beverages other than water – they are not permitted in the gym at any time v. Store your backpack/personal belongings in the locker room – we cannot be responsible for the

security of your belongings. vi. Do not use a big locker in the locker room to store your backpack (classes will be meeting with subs

in the absence of your teacher and will need the lockers) vii. Wear lip products before or during certification – they increase the risk of disease transmission and

are not permitted viii. Forget your homework and books for Periods 5-‐8! Your teachers are expecting it!

6 Schedule for the day a. You will have three scheduled opportunities to hand in work to your teachers during the day. Make

arrangements with your teacher for when and where to hand in that work. i. Morning 15-‐minute break ii. 45-‐minute lunch break iii. Post-‐testing 15 minute break

7 Notes on homework and your classes: a. You should bring the homework due for the day – your teachers will be expecting it. You should have made

arrangements in advance for turning in the work via their classroom, mailbox, department room or electronic submission.

b. You will receive a pass to take a break prior to your return to class in addition to time to get your CPR testing results immediately. You are to be in class by the time designated on your pass. failure to do so will result in a disciplinary referral.

8 Please notify your instructor at least one week in advance of any planned field trip or other absence from school on the certification days. Failure to do so may result in us being unable to accommodate you on another day, as the American Red Cross requires a specific ratio of students to instructors for our program to be in compliance with certification requirements.

9 Reminder: Any student who does not attend certification will be required to complete the Alternative Project in order to pass the course. This includes students who are ill or injured and unable to complete the practical exam!

10 If you are ILL on your scheduled certification date, you should attend the next day. If we cannot fit you in, we will attempt to get you in the following day (if there is one).

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WHY CERTIFICATION?

Certification vs. Good Samaritan Law protection in today’s society

ü What does American Red Cross Certification do for me?

1. 5.

2. 6.

3. 7.

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ü What does the Good Samaritan Law state?

“If a citizen acts in a prudent and reasonable manner, they may not be held liable for torts filed against them.”

ü What would a “reasonable” and “prudent” person do?

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REMEMBER THE RED CROSS MOTTO: “DO NO FURTHER HARM”

C.P.R. ACRONYMS and TERMS to remember

C.P.R.

A.E.D.

E.M.S.

D.N.R. and D.N.A.R.

Living Will

F.A.S.T.

H.A.IN.E.S. Position / Modified H.A.IN.E.S. Position

R.I.C.E.

I.C.D.

I.C.E.

EMERGENCY ACTION STEPS

S.I.D.S.

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CLASSWORK PACKET

Video & Discussion Worksheets and Notes

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VIDEO CHAPTERS: Introduction (Slide A.1) What Would You Do? (Slide A.2) Checking an Unconscious Person (Slide A.15) Introduction to CHECK—CALL—CARE______________00:00 Head-‐Tilt/Chin-‐Lift Technique______________________00:43 Checking for Breathing___________________________01:04 Unconscious Person Who is Vomiting_______________02:28 Unconscious Person Who is Breathing______________02:45 Modified H.A.IN.E.S. Recovery Position______________02:59 Checking an Unconscious Infant (Slide A.18) Introduction to CHECK—CALL—CARE______________00:00 Head-‐Tilt/Chin-‐Lift Technique______________________00:35 Checking for Breathing___________________________00:55 Giving Rescue Breaths___________________________01:12 Unconscious Infant Who is Breathing_______________01:43 Shock (Slide A.20) Signals of Shock_________________________________00:00 Steps to Minimize Shock__________________________01:08 Recognizing and Caring for Cardiac Emergencies (Slide B.3) Heart Attack Survivor Testimonials__________________00:00 Cardiac Chain of Survival _________________________02:21 CPR—Adult and Child (Slide B.4) Introduction_____________________________________00:00 Getting into Position and Practicing Compressions____00:39 Practicing Giving Rescue Breaths__________________02:15 Performing Cycles of CPR________________________02:53 Prompt Only____________________________________04:21 CPR Child _____________________________________06:35 CPR—Infant (Slide B.5) Introduction_____________________________________00:00 Getting into Position and Practicing Compressions____00:44 Practicing Giving Rescue Breaths__________________02:28 Performing Cycles of CPR________________________03:02 Prompt Only____________________________________04:41 Recognizing and Caring for Cardiac Emergencies (Slide B.5) Heart Attack Survivor Testimonials__________________00:00 Cardiac Chain of Survival _________________________02:21 Using an AED (Slide B.24) Introduction/Background__________________________00:00 Using an AED___________________________________00:42 Using an AED—Child and Infant ____________________02:38 Using an AED with Two Rescuers__________________03:34

Conscious Choking—Adult and Child (Slide B.28) Introduction_____________________________________00:00 Back Blows_____________________________________00:54 Abdominal Thrusts_______________________________01:15 Person becomes Unconscious_____________________01:49 Choking Child___________________________________01:55 Conscious Choking—Infant (Slide B.30) Introduction_____________________________________00:00 Back Blows and Chest Thrusts_____________________00:34 Unconscious Choking—Adult and Child (Slide B.32) Modified CPR Technique—Adult ___________________00:00 Modified CPR Technique—Child____________________01:23 Unconscious Choking—Infant (Slide B.33) Modified CPR Technique _________________________00:00 Recognizing Sudden Illness (Slide C.1) Introduction_____________________________________00:00 Common Signals of Sudden Illness_________________00:20 General Care for Sudden Illness____________________01:01 When to Call 9-‐1-‐1_______________________________01:22 Seizures________________________________________02:03 Fevers_________________________________________03:43 Fevers in Infants and Febrile Seizures_______________04:21 Stroke_________________________________________06:12 Playground Pandemonium (Slide C.20) Controlling External Bleeding (Slide C.21) Controlling External Bleeding______________________00:00 Imbedded Objects_______________________________01:25 Injuries to Muscles, Bones and Joints (Slide C.35) Splinting (Optional) Introduction_____________________________________00:00 Anatomic Splints_________________________________00:37 Soft Splints_____________________________________01:58 Sling and Binders________________________________02:59 Rigid Splints____________________________________04:01

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AMERICAN RED CROSS VIDEO PRESENTATION

INTRODUCTION (SLIDES 1-‐3 OF 190)

1 What does the David state as ‘the saddest experience a person can have’? a. When you get beat by an 8-‐year-‐old on Xbox b. You can’t buy the latest iPhone c. A friend or loved one needs CPR and you’re not able to give it d. One Direction actually breaks up e. None of the above

2 Why does Rose believe that people should be urged to get trained?

a. It’s a great social activity to get a bunch of moms together in the afternoon b. You can get a high-‐paying job c. You never know when you could save your child’s life d. It will look good on your resume e. None of the above

3 David reminds us that CPR is not always 100% successful, but why does he still believe it’s worthwhile to have the skill? a. Even though it may not work, it will still give them a chance to live b. You won’t get sued if you at least try c. You might get a reward if they live d. People will be impressed with your certificate e. None of the above

4 What do Diane and Rose describe the feeling as when they realize they must do CPR? a. I had saved someone’s life by stepping out of myself b. In the moment I was very calm; relied on the training it just kicks in – you know what to do c. Total panic d. Both A and B e. None of the above

5 What does it feel like AFTER doing CPR?

a. Overwhelming sense of panic b. Cheering and shouting c. Sense of relief d. Both A and C e. None of the above

WHAT WOULD YOU DO? (SLIDE 4 OF 190)

6 What does Steve do/say when Nina asks if he thinks if the white-‐haired man needs help? a. Returns to eating lunch b. It’s probably nothing c. It’s not our problem d. I hope you know what you’re doing, you could get sued e. All of the above

7 What do Nina, Steve and the other people around the gentleman say/do from the moment they see him until Nina

decides to take action? a. Say things like “somebody’s not happy with lunch” b. Go about eating their lunches, ignoring him c. The guy must be drunk d. Don’t want to expose their child to the situation e. All of the above

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8 What is the first thing Nina does when she arrives at the man’s side? a. Asks if he’s okay b. Tells a worker something is wrong with the man c. Identifies herself and her training d. Asks consent to help e. All of the above

SCENARIO: AT THE SCENE (SLIDES 5 – 16 OF 190)

Directions: Provide your answers below each question. Your teacher will discuss each answer. If you get the answer wrong, you should make note of the question and the correct answer in the space provided.

Question 1 (Slide A3): What should you do?






CHECKING AN UNCONSCIOUS ADULT AND CHILD (SLIDES 17 – 19 OF 190)

9 What are the Emergency Action Steps? a. Check, Cry, Call b. Call, Check, Care c. Check, Call, Care d. Act, Care, Tell e. All of the above

10 What must we add to the above steps if the unconscious person is a child?

a. Ask them their parents’ names b. Get consent from a parent or guardian c. Give them a toy so they don’t cry d. Call an adult to give care e. None of the above

11 What do you do in the “check” step?

a. Look in their wallet for identification b. Check the scene for safety then call 9-‐1-‐1 c. Check the victim d. Check the scene for safety, then check the person for responsiveness e. All of the above

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12 How do you “check” a person for responsiveness? a. Tap and shout to see if they respond b. Check their wallet for identification c. Shake them hard to see if they wake up d. All of the above e. None of the above

13 What do you do if the person is unresponsive?

a. Tap them harder… shake them if you must b. Begin CPR c. Call 9-‐1-‐1 or your Local Emergency Number d. All of the above e. None of the above

14 If they person is lying face down, what do you do?

a. Gently roll them onto their back, rolling them towards you b. Gently roll them onto their back, rolling them away from you c. Don’t roll them because it’s not necessary to for the next step d. All of the above e. None of the above

15 Why do you roll a victim?

a. Because it’s necessary to give care b. Because you want to see what they look like c. Because no one is comfortable on their stomach when unconscious d. All of the above e. None of the above

16 To roll the person onto their back, you should remember to,

a. Roll them gently b. Roll them towards you c. Roll them as a unit, keeping their head, neck and back in a line d. Roll them gripping their hip and shoulders e. All of the above

17 Once a person is on their back, you should next…

a. Give them rescue breaths b. Begin CPR c. Open their airway using the Head Tilt, Chin Lift Technique d. All of the above e. None of the above

18 To perform the Head Tilt, Chin Lift you must remember to…

a. Push down on the forehead while lifting up with two fingers under the bony part of the chin b. Pinch the nose and pull up while pushing your hand beneath the chin c. You shouldn’t tilt the head because there might be a neck injury d. All of the above e. None of the above

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19 What’s the difference in how you tilt the head for an adult versus a child? a. There is no difference b. You tilt the head back further c. You don’t tilt the head back as far d. All of the above e. None of the above

20 After tilting the head, you must determine if the person is breathing using which of the following?

a. Placing a hand on their chest to see if you can feel it moving for 5 seconds b. Look, listen and feel for no more than 10 seconds c. Look, listen and feel for at least 10 seconds d. All of the above e. None of the above

21 To determine if the person is breathing, you should…

a. Have your eyes towards the chest so you can look to see if the chest clearly rises and falls b. Have your ear near the person’s mouth so you can listen for air going in and out c. Have your ear near the person’s mouth so you can feel air escaping against your skin d. Both A & B e. All of the above

22 Normal breathing is…

a. Also known as Agonal breathing b. Quiet, effortless and even c. Different in everyone d. All of the above e. None of the above

23 If the person demonstrates Agonal Breathing, you should…

a. Do nothing. They are breathing b. Continue care. They are not breathing c. Wait for 9-‐1-‐1 to arrive because they will need oxygen d. All of the above e. None of the above

24 Once you determine that an Adult is not breathing, you should next…

a. Make sure 9-‐1-‐1 has been called and begin CPR b. Give 2 rescue breaths, then begin CPR c. Check for severe bleeding, then begin CPR after treating severe bleeding, if found d. All of the above e. None of the above

25 Once you determine a Child is not breathing, you should next…

a. Give 2 rescue breaths, check for severe bleeding, then begin CPR b. Check for severe bleeding, then begin CPR c. Give 2 rescue breaths, then begin CPR d. All of the above e. None of the above

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26 To give rescue breaths to a Child, you must remember… a. Give 2 rescue breaths, one after another, for 1 second each b. Pinch the nose shut before blowing air in c. Use a CPR breathing barrier if available d. All of the above e. None of the above

27 How do you know if you’re giving effective rescue breaths?

a. The breaths will go in b. The person’s chest will rise with each breath you administer c. Your breaths last for 1 second d. All of the above e. None of the above

28 What do you do if a breath does not go in? a. Retilt the head and try the breath again b. Push on their chest a few times, then try again c. Stick your finger down their throat and pull out the object that’s blocking the airway d. All of the above e. None of the above

29 What do you do after you administer two rescue breaths?

a. Begin CPR b. Check and treat severe bleeding, then begin CPR c. Begin CPR, then treat severe bleeding if you see any d. All of the above e. None of the above

30 If an unconscious person begins vomiting you should,

a. Roll them gently away from you onto their side and leave them there b. Roll them gently away from you onto their side and sweep out their mouth c. Roll them gently towards you onto their side and sweep out their mouth d. All of the above e. None of the above

31 If the person is unconscious but breathing, you should,

a. Maintain an open airway b. Monitor the person’s breathing and changes in their condition c. Wait for emergency responders to arrive and take over d. All of the above e. None of the above

32 A Modified H.A.IN.E.S Recovery position is used for…

a. If you cannot maintain an open airway because of fluids or vomit b. If you must leave the scene to call 9-‐1-‐1 c. If the person has severe bleeding d. Both A & B e. All of the above

33 To place a person who is lying on their back in a Modified H.A.IN.E.S. Recovery position, you should…

a. Bend the knee of the leg farthest away from you b. The arm farthest away from you should be moved above their head c. Gently roll the person away from you until they are lying on their side d. Stack the knees, bringing them one on top of the other e. All of the above

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34 If you must leave the person alone to tend to another victim or call 9-‐1-‐1, modify the H.A.IN. E. S. position by…

a. Tuck the hand not supporting the head beneath the chin b. Place the person face down with their head turned to the side c. Roll the person gently back onto their back d. All of the above e. None of the above

ADDITIONAL VIDEO/CLASSROOM NOTES:

SCENARIO: CHECKING AN UNCONSCIOUS ADULT and CHILD (SLIDES 16 – 21 OF 190)

Directions: Copy the steps provided for Checking an Unconscious Adult and Child on the slides that follow. Be sure to study and commit these steps to memory. We will be modifying them in some situations in later lessons.

(Slide 18): Checking an Unconscious Adult:

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2

3

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(Slide 19): Checking an Unconscious Child:

1

2

3

4

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35 After watching the segment “Checking an Unconscious Infant”, the following differences between a Child and an Infant are apparent: a. Tap the foot when checking for responsiveness b. Don’t tilt the head back as far as you would with a child when opening the airway (neutral position) c. When giving a rescue breath, make a seal over the mouth and nose d. Be sure the breath lasts for 1 second, but don’t blow as hard as you would for a child e. All of the above

(Slide 21): Checking an Unconscious Child:

1

2

3

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SHOCK (SLIDE 22 OF 190)

36 Shock is… a. A life-‐threatening condition b. A condition in which the body is unable to meet the demands for oxygen and blood c. A condition that shows itself in various ways throughout the body d. All of the above e. None of the above

37 A person who is in Shock may exhibit the following signals…

a. Feel apprehensive or anxious in early stages, then listless, confused and unable to speak b. Breathing may be rapid, then become slow, shallow and irregular as it progresses c. Body temperature may decrease, skin will be ashen or pale, cold and clammy d. Pulse will increase, then be rapid, weak and irregular followed by organs shutting down e. All of the above

38 Steps to Minimize Shock include…

a. Call 9-‐1-‐1 immediately b. Have the person lie down flat c. Control body temperature and any bleeding d. Give them nothing to eat or drink by mouth e. All of the above

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LESSON WRAP UP (SLIDES 23 -‐ 30 OF 190)

1 What are some common factors that keep people from responding to an emergency medical situation?

2 What is “normal breathing”?

3 You see a child sitting on the sidewalk near a bike with a cut on her leg. What should you keep in mind when giving her first aid care?

4 The following are the ONLY times you should move an ill or injured person. Elaborate on each, giving more detail as to what each statement means about moving an injured or ill person… i. Immediate danger –

ii. To get to another person –

iii. To give proper care -‐

ADDITIONAL VIDEO/CLASS NOTES:

LESSON 2: CARDIAC EMERGENCIES (SLIDES 31 – 33 OF 190)

39 Signals of a Heart Attack often include… a. Persistent chest pain, discomfort or pressure lasting longer than 3-‐5 minutes or goes away and comes back b. Feeling like an elephant is sitting on your chest c. Difficulty breathing d. Sweating e. All of the above

40 A person having a heart attack may also…

a. Deny they’re having a heart attack b. Experience “women” symptoms such as stomach, back or jaw pain, fatigue or malaise c. Experience squeezing, tightness in their chest d. Nausea or vomiting e. All of the above

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RECOGNIZING AND CARING FOR CARDIAC EMERGENCIES (SLIDE 34 OF 190) *This slide provides a video interview with persons who have experienced a cardiac emergency

CPR – ADULT AND CHILD; iNFANT CPR; HANDS-‐ONLY CPR (SLIDES 35 – 41 OF 190)

41 The symptoms described by Rick, Brenda, Sheree, and Thomas about their heart attacks included… a. Severe indigestion not relieved by an antacid b. Someone standing on my chest, pain radiated into my jaw c. Profuse Sweating d. Sense of doom, scared e. All of the above

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43 Each of the following is a link in the Cardiac Chain of Survival EXCEPT, a. Early Defibrillation b. Early CPR c. Early Recognition of the Emergency Action Steps d. Early Recognition and Access to EMS e. Early Advanced Medical Care

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45 The correct order of the four links above is… a. D, E, B, A b. C, B, A, E c. E, D, A, B d. D, B, A, E e. B, D, E, A

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47 To correctly perform chest compressions, you must do all of the following EXCEPT, a. Place the palm of one hand on the center of the chest with the fingers of the other hand laced between the fingers of

the bottom hand b. Make a straight line between your shoulder and the heel of your hand c. Compress the chest at least 2” deep d. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest with the fingers of the other hand laced between the fingers of

the bottom hand e. Keep your arms as straight as possible with your fingers off the chest

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49 Each of the following is true about giving compressions to an adult EXCEPT, a. Compressions are performed 30 at a time b. You should compress the chest no more than 2” inches c. You should compress at a rate of at least 100 compressions per minute d. You should let the chest rise completely between each compression e. Your hands should not leave the chest during compressions

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51 Each of the following is true about a CYCLE of CPR EXCEPT, a. A cycle has 30 chest compressions b. A cycle of CPR should take 1 minute c. A cycle has 2 rescue breaths d. All of the above are true about cycles of CPR e. Only A & B are true about cycles of CPR

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53 To give rescue breaths, do all of the following EXCEPT, a. Use a breathing barrier if available b. Tilt the head back and lift the chin c. Form a tight seal over the victim’s mouth with your mouth d. Breathe in for 1 second e. None of the above

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54 What do you do if a Rescue Breath does NOT go in? a. Roll them into the H.A.IN.E.S. Recovery Position b. Keep doing Rescue Breaths anyway c. Retilt the head and try the rescue breath again d. Do CPR chest compressions on their abdomen to get the object out e. None of the above

55 Each of the following is a reason to stop CPR EXCEPT,

a. You notice an obvious sign of life b. You decide they’re deceased c. An AED is ready to use d. EMS arrives and takes over e. You’re too exhausted to continue

56 Which of the following is missing from the previous question as a reason you may stop giving CPR?

a. A member of the victim’s family identifies themselves to you b. Someone leaves to go get an AED c. The scene becomes unsafe d. Someone arrives with an Epi-‐Pen e. Another person involved in the scene who you suspect has a broken arm complains of pain

57 Each of the following is a difference in the method used in Child CPR vs. Adult CPR EXCEPT,

a. Don’t tilt the head back as far when giving rescue breaths b. After determining the victim is not breathing, give 2 rescue breaths c. Be sure to gain consent from a parent or guardian before giving any care to a child d. Compress the chest up to 2” e. Check for severe bleeding before beginning CPR

58 Each of the following is a difference in the method used in Child CPR vs. Infant CPR EXCEPT,

a. Place the head in a neutral position using just one hand on the forehead to maintain an open airway b. Place two fingers on infant’s chest, but above the notch on the end of the breastbone c. Cover the infant’s mouth and nose to give rescue breaths d. Compress the chest up to 1½” e. Perform 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths at a rate of 2 minutes per 5 cycles

59 Each of the following is true about Child and Infant CPR, but NOT about Adult CPR, a. Give 2 rescue breaths after determining the victim is not breathing b. Check for severe bleeding before beginning chest compressions c. Gain consent from a parent or guardian before giving care d. You must perform CPR in cycles of 5 compressions and 2 rescue breaths that last for 1 second each e. Both A & C above

LESSON WRAP UP (SLIDES 42 – 53 OF 190): Short Answer Questions

1 List some signals of a Heart Attack

2 List the Four Links in the Cardiac Chain of Survival

a. Early

b. Early

c. Early

d. Early

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3 What should you do if the chest does not clearly rise with the initial rescue breath?

4 Why might the chest not rise?

5 What is a CPR cycle for…

a. An adult?

b. A child?

c. An Infant?

6 If I witness the sudden collapse of a child, should I still give 2 initial rescue breaths? (Use the guidelines provided in the additional class notes below to answer this question).

ADDITIONAL CLASS/VIDEO NOTES:

a. When do I ‘CALL FAST, CALL FIRST’? (situations likely to be cardiac in nature) i. Any adult or child about 12 years of age or older who is unconscious ii. A child or infant who you witnessed suddenly collapse iii. An unconscious child or infant known to have heart problems

b. When do I ‘GIVE 2 MINUTES OF CARE, THEN CALL 9-‐1-‐1’ or ‘CARE FIRST’? i. Any unconscious child under the age of about 12 who you did not see collapse ii. Any victim of drowning (any age)

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ADDITIONAL PRACTICE: (SLIDES 35 – 41 OF 190)

CPR ADULT:

1 Answer the following questions about chest compressions: a. When placing your hand in the center of the chest, you should be careful to avoid placing it on the

and the .

b. What part of your hand should you use in the center of the chest?

c. Where are your shoulders in relation to your hands?

d. What is the position of your elbows during CPR?

e. What is the position of your head during CPR to avoid injury to yourself?

f. Describe the rhythm of your compressions during CPR.

g. What is the rate of compressions for each of the following increments of time?

1. 18 seconds, I should complete –

2. 1 minute, I should complete –

3. In 2 minutes, I should complete –

h. How deep should your compressions be?

i. True/False (explain if False): Compressions can be performed on any surface including a bed or in water.

2 Answer the following questions about rescue breaths: a. What is the American Red Cross alternative CPR method that would exempt you from performing rescue breaths in an

emergency?

b. What are the two reasons the use of a Breathing Barrier is preferred?

c. What method do you use to open the airway?

d. How far do you open an airway?

e. At what times must the airway be open?

f. What two things must be done in order to ensure that all of the air from each of your Rescue Breaths enters the person’s lungs?

g. How long should a Rescue Breath last?

h. When are Rescue Breaths given to an Adult?

i. What do I do if a Rescue Breath does not go in?

j. If I am performing CPR on a victim who I suspect is choking, what extra step must I take before giving the 2 rescue

breaths after 30 compressions?

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CPR CHILD:

1 Answer the following questions about chest compressions while referring to the questions of the same letter in the previous section about ADULT CPR: a. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

b. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

c. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

d. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

e. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

f. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

g. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

h. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

i. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

j. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

k. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

l. True/False (explain if False): Compressions can be performed on any surface including a bed or in water.

2 Answer the following questions about chest compressions while referring to the questions of the same letter in the previous section about Adult Rescue Breaths: a. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

b. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

c. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

d. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

e. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

f. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

g. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

h. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

i. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

j. True/False (explain if False): The child answer to this question is the same as it was for the adult?

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CPR iNFANT:

1 Answer the following questions about Chest Compressions by UNDERLINING the correct response (“SAME” or “DIFFERENT”) for an INFANT in comparison to the answer you gave in the previous section for a CHILD. If the answer is DIFFERENT, write the correct answer in the space provided, otherwise, write nothing. a. SAME/DIFFERENT: Landmark on chest where CPR is performed

b. SAME/DIFFERENT: The part of the hand used for chest compressions

c. SAME/DIFFERENT: Location of “free” hand during CPR

d. SAME/DIFFERENT: Rhythm of compressions during CPR

e. SAME/DIFFERENT: Rate of compressions for CPR

f. SAME/DIFFERENT: Depth of compressions during CPR

g. SAME/DIFFERENT: Surface on which you perform CPR

h. SAME/DIFFERENT: Laws of Consent with regards to giving care to an infant

2 Answer the following questions about Rescue Breathing by UNDERLINING the correct response (“SAME” or “DIFFERENT”) for an INFANT in comparison to the answer you gave in the previous section for a CHILD. If the answer is DIFFERENT, write the correct answer in the space provided, otherwise write nothing. a. SAME/DIFFERENT: The American Red Cross alternative CPR method that would exempt you from performing rescue

breaths in an emergency.

b. SAME/DIFFERENT: The two reasons the use of a Breathing Barrier is preferred.

c. SAME/DIFFERENT: The method do you use to open the airway

d. SAME/DIFFERENT: How far you open an airway.

e. SAME/DIFFERENT: When the airway is to be open.

f. SAME/DIFFERENT: The two things that must be done in order to ensure that all of the air from each of your Rescue Breaths enters the infant’s lungs?

g. SAME/DIFFERENT: How long a Rescue Breath should last.

h. SAME/DIFFERENT: When Rescue Breaths given to an Infant.

i. SAME/DIFFERENT: What to do if a Rescue Breath does not go in.

k. SAME/DIFFERENT: The extra step taken before giving the 2 rescue breaths after 30 compressions during CPR.

ADDITIONAL VIDEO/CLASS NOTES:

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LESSON 3: A.E.D. (SLIDES 54 – 78 OF 190)

60 Use of an A.E.D. happens during which link of the Cardiac Chain of Survival? a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth e. Use of an A.E.D. is not specified in the links of the Cardiac Chain of Survival

61 Each of the following statements about the Basics of AED use are true EXCEPT,

a. Analyzes the heart’s electrical rhythm and, if necessary, prompts you to deliver a shock that can help the heart restore an effective rhythm

b. AED’s are simple and safe to use c. Early CPR and use of an AED increases the chances of survival d. AED’s can be used on anyone in cardiac arrest, even children and infants e. Only A & C are true

Answer TRUE or FALSE for each of the following. If the question is FALSE, explain why in the space provided to the right.

62 True or False: Sudden cardiac arrest is the same thing as a heart attack? a. True b. False

63 AED pads must be removed before performing CPR.

a. True b. False

64 If the placement of the AED pads is reversed, the AED will NOT work.

a. True b. False

65 It is safe to use and AED in rain or snow.

a. True b. False

66 An AED cannot be used on a pregnant woman.

a. True b. False

67 If someone has chest hair, you should shave it before using the AED.

a. True b. False

68 If a person has a body piercing or is wearing jewelry, you should remove the item before using an AED.

a. True b. False

69 Never shock someone who has an implantable cardioverter-‐defibrillator (ICD) or pacemaker device.

a. True b. False

70 Never use an AED on an infant.

a. True b. False

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71 Never shock a person on a metal surface. a. True b. False

72 CPR should be delayed while someone is going for the AED

a. True b. False

73 AED stands for…

a. Automatic Electronic Device b. Automated Electrical Defibrillator c. Automatic External Device d. Automated External Defibrillator e. None of the above

74 What does an AED do?

a. Analyzes the heart’s rhythm b. Determines if an electrical shock is needed to restore an effective rhythm to the heart c. Speaks to you to tell you what to do and when d. All of the above e. Only A & B

75 What is the first thing you do to use an AED on a victim

a. Connect the electrodes b. Call 9-‐1-‐1 c. Turn it on d. Stop CPR e. None of the above

76 While all AED’s may vary in brand, appearance and location of buttons, the general instructions for the use of each is

the same. Are the answers below “I thru VI” in the correct order for using an AED? a. YES, the answers below are in the correct order for using an AED b. NO, the answers below are not in the correct order for using an AED

I. Turn it on II. Be sure the person’s chest is bare and dry, using a gauze pad to wipe the chest if necessary III. Remove the pads from their packaging and place them as pictured on the person’s chest IV. Plug in the connector on the end of the pads into the machine and follow the instructions V. Be sure no one is touching the person, including yourself, while the AED analyzes the person’s rhythm VI. When told to do so, push the flashing button to shock, making sure no one is touching the victim before you

do so

77 All of the following about AED usage are true EXCEPT, a. If you are touching the person when it is analyzing, the AED may pick up your heart rhythm b. If the AED is unable to restore an effective rhythm, it will tell you to continue CPR c. You should NOT remove the AED pads once you have applied them d. You may use an AED on a person weighing less than 55 lbs. if the pads are Pediatric electrodes e. If the person has chest hair, you MUST shave the chest before attempting to place pads on the chest

78 If another trained responder is operating the AED, CPR should be continued until the AED is…

a. in your presence b. turned on c. attached to the person d. analyzing the person’s rhythm e. you should continue CPR until the person working the AED tells you to stop

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LESSON WRAP UP: AED (SLIDES 79 – 84)

1. Why is it important not to touch the person while the AED is analyzing?

2. Why is it important not to touch the person while the device is defibrillating?

3. Why is it important to know CPR even if an AED is available?

LESSON 4: BREATHING EMERGENCIES (SLIDES 85 -‐ 86 OF 190)

79 Each of the following is true about breathing emergencies EXCEPT… a. They don’t usually become cardiac emergencies b. Commonly caused by injury, illness and disease c. Care for breathing emergencies is basically the same for adults and children d. Care for infants is slightly different than adults and children because of their smaller size e. Breathing emergencies can turn into cardiac emergencies

CONSCIOUS CHOKING ADULT AND CHILD (SLIDES 87 – 89 OF 190)

80 If a conscious adult or child has something in their airway, but is able to cough, speak and breathe, you should a. Give them five back blows to help them get the object out b. Encourage them to keep coughing c. Stay away so you don’t get sued d. Tell them to punch themselves repeatedly in the stomach e. None of the above

81 If a conscious adult or child can no longer cough, speak or breathe, you should first

a. Bend them over your arm and give 5 back blows b. Bend them over your arm and give them 3 back blows c. Wrap your arms around them and immediately give them that Heimlich thingy d. Ask them if they’re choking, identify yourself as someone trained and obtain consent to help e. Call 9-‐1-‐1

82 To remove an object usually requires more than one technique

a. True b. False

83 Use a combination of what to successfully dislodge an object

a. Only use the Heimlich Maneuver b. Five back blows and 5 chest thrusts c. Use only abdominal thrusts d. Use a combination of five back blows and five abdominal thrusts e. Wait for the person to become unconscious so you don’t get sued

84 When practicing first aid for a conscious person, you should NEVER apply the actual skills to a healthy person

a. True, you could seriously hurt them b. False, you won’t hurt them and it’s good practice

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85 After calling 9-‐1-‐1 and obtaining consent, the first thing you do for a conscious choking victim is to a. support them with over your forearm and bend them over so that their chest is at least parallel to the ground b. step behind them and place your foot between their feet, then reach around their body and find their navel c. lay them down on the ground and begin chest compressions d. begin rescue breathing e. None of the above

86 When performing back blows, you should…

a. Use the heel of your hand b. Place the back blows between the shoulder blades c. You never use back blows since the person may breathe the object in when you hit them d. Hit the person on the low back beneath the lungs to force he object up e. Both A & B

87 When performing abdominal thrusts, you should… a. Always place your foot between their feet in case they become unconscious b. Find their navel and use it as a guide as to where to place your fist c. Apply thrusts firmly, each one a separate attempt to remove the object d. Direct your thrusts in and up towards the shoulder blades e. None of the above are examples of what you should do when performing abdominal thrusts

88 If a person becomes unconscious while you are performing first aid for choking, you should…

a. Begin CPR as soon as you lower them to the floor b. Continue doing abdominal thrusts only c. Check first for signs of life d. Begin doing only rescue breathing e. Open their airway and stick your finger down their throat to attempt to remove the object

89 If the person is a child, you will have to do all of the following EXCEPT…

a. Kneel down behind them b. Get consent from a parent or guardian, if present c. Use less pressure than you would for an adult d. Do chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts since they are so small e. You must do all of the above for a child

90 Once you place your hands on a conscious choking victim, you should NEVER remove your hands from them because

they may become unconscious and fall. a. True b. False

CONSCIOUS CHOKING ADULT AND CHILD (SLIDES 90 – 92 OF 190)

91 If an infant is choking you use the same method you would use on an adult and child EXCEPT… a. Instead of abdominal thrusts, you will use chest thrusts b. You will hold the baby upside down to perform both back blows and thrusts c. You will not need to obtain consent since a baby can’t talk d. Only A & C e. None of the above are exceptions

92 You will know a conscious infant is choking because they cannot

a. Cough b. Cry c. Breathe d. All of the above e. None of the above

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93 The first thing you do when you determine a conscious infant is choking is, a. Turn them over on your forearm and deliver 5 back blows b. Turn them over on your forearm and deliver 5 chest thrusts c. Turn them over on your forearm and deliver 5 abdominal thrusts d. Call 9-‐1-‐1 e. Obtain consent from a parent or guardian

94 When performing conscious infant choking skills, you should…

a. Not obstruct the infant’s mouth with your hand when the infant is face down b. Never hold the infant with one hand when turning them over c. Keep the forearm of the supporting arm on your thigh d. Continually watch the infant’s face for signs of an object and/or consciousness e. All of the above

95 When performing chest thrusts on a conscious choking infant, you should do all of the following EXCEPT…

a. Have your fingers in line with the breast bone b. Have your fingers across the horizontal plane of the breast bone c. Compress the chest up to 1½“ d. Have the infant’s head lower than their chest e. Support the back of your forearm using your thigh

96 If the infant begins to cough, cry or breathe before 9-‐1-‐1 arrives, you can call EMS and tell them not to come because

the infant’s breathing has been restored. a. True b. False

97 If a choking infant becomes unconscious, lower them to the floor as you would an adult.

a. True b. False

LESSON WRAP UP: CONSCIOUS CHOKING (SLIDES 93 – 110 OF 190)

1. What are some of the signals of a breathing emergency?

2. What should you do if the person does not give consent?

3. What is the best way to check whether an adult is unconscious?

4. You suspect that Sheila is in shock. She tells you that she is very thirsty. Should you give her water?

5. You notice a young child put a piece of hard candy in his mouth. He is coughing forcefully but has a frightened look on his face. What should you do?

6. What if a conscious choking person becomes unconscious?

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7. When should you stop CPR?

8. Should you move a person from a bed to the floor to perform CPR?

9. Do you have consent to care for a child if the parent says no even if the child is unconscious?

LESSON 5: SUDDEN ILLNESS (SLIDE 111 OF 190)

RECOGNIZING SUDDEN ILLNESS (SLIDE 112 OF190)

98 Using the list below, determine the answer. True or False: The signals on the list below are signals of sudden illness, a group of conditions that can strike without warning. a. True b. False

i. Stroke ii. High Fever iii. Heart attack iv. Fainting v. Dizziness

vi. Unconsciousness vii. Seizures viii. Poisoning ix. Diabetic

emergency

x. Trouble breathing xi. Asthma xii. Allergic reactions

99 General rules to follow when treating Sudden Illness include which of the following? a. Do no further harm b. Help the person to rest comfortably c. Monitor breathing and consciousness d. Maintain body temperature e. All of the above

100 Call 9-‐1-‐1 for all of the following EXCEPT…

a. Unconsciousness or altered levels of consciousness b. Trouble breathing or no breathing c. An ankle sprain d. Signals of a heart attack e. Severe bleeding


a. Persistent abdominal pain or pressure b. A broken finger c. Vomiting blood or passing blood d. Severe or critical burns e. I should call 9-‐1-‐1 for all of the above conditions


a. Seizures b. Stroke c. Suspected or obvious injuries to the head, neck or spine d. A person who has an open fracture but is refusing care e. There are no reasons on the list that would be exceptions for calling 9-‐1-‐1

103 All of the following are true about seizures EXCEPT…

a. They are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain b. The person may have a blank stare c. The person may experience a period of distorted sensation when they cannot respond d. The person may have convulsions e. All of the above are true about seizures

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104 Convulsions are… a. Uncontrollable muscular contractions b. Potentially harmful to the person providing care c. Potentially harmful to the victim if you try to restrain them d. Potentially harmful to the victim if there are solid objects nearby e. Both A & B


a. The person’s seizure lasts more than 5 minutes b. The person is pregnant c. The seizures repeat with no signs of slowing d. The person is injured or does not regain consciousness e. There are no exceptions for calling 9-‐1-‐1 on the above list


a. The person is a child who experienced a Febrile Seizure b. The seizure took place in the water c. The cause of the seizure is unknown or the person has no history of seizures d. The person has diabetes e. There are no exceptions for calling 9-‐1-‐1 on the above list


a. The person has no known history of seizures b. The person has no known history of epilepsy c. The person is an elderly person who may have suffered a stroke d. The seizure lasted more than 5 minutes, but there were no convulsions e. There are no exceptions for calling 9-‐1-‐1 on the above list

108 To care for a person who is actively seizing, you should do all of the following EXCEPT…

a. Remove nearby objects b. Protect the airway c. Allow the seizure to run its course d. Stick something soft between the person’s teeth to keep the person from locking their jaw e. You should do all of the above for a seizure

109 A fever occurs when a person’s body temperature is higher than

a. 100.4 degree Fahrenheit b. 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit c. 100 degrees Fahrenheit d. 104 degrees Fahrenheit e. None of the above

110 Signals of a fever include all of the following EXCEPT…

a. Chills and body aches b. Headache c. Hot skin d. Lack of appetite e. Sleeping a lot

111 Common facts about Febrile Seizures include all of the following EXCEPT…

a. Occurs in young children b. Caused by a fever over 103 degrees Fahrenheit c. Lasts less than 5 minutes d. Not usually life-‐threatening e. All of the above are common facts about Febrile Seizures

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112 Signs of a Febrile Seizure may include all of the following EXCEPT… a. Upward rolling of the eyes b. Unconsciousness c. Becoming rigid d. Holding his/her breath e. All of the above are signs of a Febrile Seizure

113 In the case of a Febrile Seizure, call 9-‐1-‐1 for all of the following EXCEPT…

a. Life-‐threatening condition exists such as trouble breathing or loss of consciousness b. It’s the child’s first seizure or lasts for more than 5 minutes c. Seizures continue d. The seizure is followed by a quick rise in body temperature e. None of the above are exceptions to calling 9-‐1-‐1 in the case of Febrile Seizures

114 You should seek immediate evaluation by a medical professional for…

a. Infants younger than 3 months with any fever b. Children younger than 2 years with a fever greater than 103 degrees c. Children older than 3 months of age with any fever d. Both A & B above e. Both A & C above

115 To care for fever, do all of the following except…

a. Keep them as comfortable as possible b. Plenty of clear fluids c. Gently cool the child – do not rapidly cool d. Do not give aspirin as it may lead to Reye’s Syndrome e. All of the above are used to care for fever

116 The acronym F.A.S.T. refers to steps in caring for what condition?

a. Heart Attack b. Diabetic Emergency c. Seizure d. Stroke e. Shock

117 F.A.S.T. stands for…

a. Fever, Arteries, Seizure, Temperature b. Fever, Arteries, Stenosis, Temperature c. Face, Arms, Speech, Time d. Face, Arteries, Speech, Time e. None of the above

118 A Stroke is also known as a…

a. Seizure b. Heart attack c. Cardiac Arrest d. Brain Attack e. None of the above

119 The most significant things to remember about Stroke are…

a. Blood flow is blocked from reaching a part of the brain b. A stroke can cause permanent damage to the brain c. A person with symptoms of a stroke needs immediate medical attention d. All of the above e. There is nothing truly significant about Stroke

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120 Signals of Stroke may include all of the following EXCEPT… a. Memory loss over several years leading up to the stroke b. Weakness or numbness of the face, arms or legs c. Severe unexplained headache d. Facial droop e. All of the above are signs of stroke

121 Other signals of Stroke may include all of the following EXCEPT…

a. Difficulty speaking, confusion b. Loss of consciousness c. Loss of balance, difficulty walking d. Incontinence e. All of the above are signs of stroke

LESSON WRAP-‐UP: SUDDEN ILLNESS (SLIDES 113 -‐ 132 OF 190)

1 What sudden illness is caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain?

2 What does F.A.S.T. stand for?

3 If you suspect that someone might be having a stroke, how might you observe weakness or numbness in one arm?

4 For a young child or an infant, is a febrile seizure lasting less than 5 minutes life threatening?

5 Should you call 9-‐1-‐1 or the local emergency number if a person had a seizure that took place in the water but lasted less than 5 minutes?

6 What might cause you to suspect a person is having an allergic reaction?

7 When should you call 9-‐1-‐1 or the local emergency number for someone you suspect is having an allergic reaction?

8 A co-‐worker appears to faint after standing in the back of a crowded conference room for 20 minutes. He quickly regains consciousness and says he feels fine. Should you call 9-‐1-‐1 or the local emergency number?

9 When you are checking a person who appears to be suddenly ill, what clues might indicate the cause of the sudden illness?

10 You suspect that a young child has swallowed a large amount of prescribed medicine. The child is complaining of a stomachache. Should you give the child something to drink?

LESSON 6: ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES (SLIDE 133 OF 190)

Heat-‐Related Illnesses (SLIDES 134 – 136 of 190)

122 All of the following statements about Heat Related Illnesses are true EXCEPT… a. Are caused by overexposure to heat b. Are caused by dehydration c. May include heat cramps d. Are nothing to worry about e. All of the above are true about Heat Related Illnesses

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123 All of the following statements about Heat Cramps are true EXCEPT… a. They are painful muscle spasms typically in the legs or abdomen b. Are the least severe of the heat related illnesses c. Are the first indication the body is having trouble with the heat d. Are not considered life threatening if treated quickly e. Are considered life threatening and 9-‐1-‐1 should be called immediately

124 All of the following statements about Heat Exhaustion are true EXCEPT…

a. It is more severe than leg cramps but if treated quickly does not require a 9-‐1-‐1 call b. The person may have cool, moist skin despite the heat c. The person may experience dizziness and nausea d. The person may experience a feeling of exhaustion e. All of the above statements about Heat Exhaustion are true

125 All of the following statements about Heat Stroke are true EXCEPT…

a. Heat stroke is life-‐threatening and warrants a 9-‐1-‐1 call b. Heat stroke is the least common, but most severe heat related illness c. Characterized by high body temperature and changes in consciousness d. Can be diagnosed by using F.A.S.T. e. Other symptoms may include vomiting, rapid pulse and/or breathing

126 Care for Heat Cramps by doing which of the following?

a. Loosen or remove clothing b. Move person to a cool place c. Give person a sports drink, fruit juice, milk or water d. Call 9-‐1-‐1 e. Both B & C

127 Care for Heat Exhaustion by doing which of the following?

a. Loosen or remove clothing b. Give light fluids, about four ounces every 15 minutes c. Call 9-‐1-‐1 d. Rapidly cool the body in an ice bath e. Both A & B

128 Care for Heat Stroke by doing which of the following?

a. Call 9-‐1-‐1 b. There is no need to call 9-‐1-‐1 if you get the body temperature down c. Rapidly cool the body d. Use F.A.C.E. e. Both A & C

Cold-‐Related Illnesses (SLIDES 137 – 140 of 190)

129 Each of the following statements about Hypothermia is true EXCEPT… a. Is the lowering of the body’s core temperature b. Can only happen during the winter months c. Body functions are impaired d. Can range from mild to severe e. Can be life-‐threatening

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130 Care for Hypothermia by doing which of the following? a. Call 9-‐1-‐1 if the condition is worsening b. Move the person to a warm place and remove any wet clothing c. Rapidly cool the body d. Use F.A.C.E. e. Both A & B

131 Signals of Hypothermia include all of the following EXCEPT…

a. Wet clothing b. Shivering c. Numbness d. Glassy stare e. All of the above are signals of Hypothermia

132 Hypothermia is an emergency when…

a. Shivering continues even though you’ve re-‐warmed the person b. You are unable to re-‐warm the person c. The person becomes unconscious d. All of the above are emergencies that warrant a 9-‐1-‐1 call e. Only B & C

133 All of the following statements about Frostbite are true EXCEPT…

a. It is the freezing of a body part b. It can result in the loss of fingers, hands, arms, toes, feet and legs c. You must warm the part right away, even if they must remain outside and it will refreeze d. It may be characterized by numbness in the affected areas e. The skin may appear waxy, cold to the touch or discolored

134 All of the following statements about caring for Frostbite are true EXCEPT…

a. Do not re-‐warm the body part if there is a chance of it refreezing b. Do not break open blisters c. Soak in water no warmer than 105 degrees Fahrenheit for about 20-‐30 minutes d. For mild frostbite, re-‐warm using skin-‐to-‐skin contact e. All of the above statements about caring for Frostbite are true

LESSON WRAP-‐UP (SLIDES 141 – 144 of 190)

1 It is a windy summer day and you notice a young boy shivering on the side of the pool. Could he be at risk for hypothermia?

2 If you suspect heat stroke and you have called 9-‐1-‐1 or the local emergency number, what should you do next?

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LESSON 7: SOFT TISSUE INJURIES (SLIDE 145 of 190)

Playground Pandemonium (SLIDE 146 of 190)

135 Which of the following statements about the video clip is FALSE? a. The responders saw the incident happen b. There were two victims c. The children were conscious when found d. The responders identified themselves and obtained consent e. The responders spoke to the victim(s) using words they could understand

Controlling External Bleeding (SLIDES 147 – 149 of 190)

136 Which of the following steps about treating severe bleeding is incorrect? a. You must obtain consent b. You should apply a pressure bandage and then add a roller bandage to hold the pressure bandage in place c. You should continue to apply additional bandages until the bleeding stops, removing the used bandages before

you add new ones to prevent infection d. You should still follow the Emergency Action Steps even if the person is conscious e. Take steps to minimize shock and call 9-‐1-‐1 if you haven’t already done so

137 Which of the following should NOT be done when caring for an embedded object?

a. Pull out the object, then apply direct pressure b. Leave the object in but surround the object with bandages before wrapping the roller gauze around the object c. Call 9-‐1-‐1 for the local emergency number d. Take steps to minimize shock e. Minimize movement of the affected limb

138 Which of the following is true about caring for a Nosebleed?

a. Lean the head forward while pinching the nostrils b. Lean the head back while pinching the bridge of the nose c. Lean the head forward while pinching the bridge of the nose d. Lean the head back while pinching the nostrils e. None of the above will stop the common nosebleed in 10 minutes

139 Additional steps to take in controlling especially stubborn nosebleeds may include all EXCEPT…

a. Putting pressure on the upper lip beneath the nose b. Sucking on ice c. Applying ice to the bridge of the nose d. Putting pressure on the forehead between the eyebrows e. All of the above will stop a nosebleed EXCEPT B & D

Burn Care – Fact or Fiction (SLIDES 150 – 170 of 190)

140 You should put butter on a burn to soothe the pain a. Fact b. Fiction

141 You should not remove any pieces of clothing that stick to the burned area.

a. Fact b. Fiction

142 You should put ice or ice water on a burn.

a. Fact b. Fiction

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143 The first step in caring for a thermal burn is to cool the burn with large amounts of cold running water. a. Fact b. Fiction

144 When caring for a chemical burn, you should brush off any dry chemicals before flushing with tap water.

a. Fact b. Fiction

145 If a chemical burns the eye, loosely cover it with a gloved hand or sterile dressing until EMS personnel take over.

a. Fact b. Fiction

146 You should have the person remove items of clothing that may be contaminated with chemicals when you care for a

person with a chemical burn. a. Fact b. Fiction

147 If you encounter a person with an electrical burn, your first step should be to tap the person on the shoulder and

shout, “Are you okay?”. a. Fact b. Fiction

148 An electrical burn can cause cardiac and respiratory emergencies.

a. Fact b. Fiction

149 You should care for a radiation burn as you would for a thermal burn.

a. Fact b. Fiction

LESSON 8: iNJURIES TO MUSCLES, BONES & JOINTS (SLIDE 171 -‐ 172 of 190)

Splinting (SLIDE 173 -‐ 177 of 190)

150 Common injuries to Muscles, Bones & Joints may include all of the following except… a. Sprain (stretching of the ligaments of joints) b. Arthritis (sudden disintegration of the joint) c. Strain (tearing of the fibers of muscles/tendons) d. Broken (also known as a fracture – the breaking of a bone) e. Dislocations (joint displacement)

151 Common signals that may indicate injury to these body parts include all EXCEPT…

a. Snapping or popping sound b. Inability to move the body part c. Loss of feeling d. Grating bones, swelling or deformity e. All of the following may indicate injury

152 The acronym R.I.C.E. stands for what four methods of care in these injuries?

a. Rest, Immobilize, Care, Elevation b. Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation c. Rest, Ice, Care, Eliminate d. Rest, Immobilize, Compression, Elevation e. Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevation

38

153 Remember all EXCEPT which of the following when caring for these injuries? a. Only splint if you have to move a victim b. Do not move or straighten the injured area c. Stabilize the injured area in the position it was found, but do not splint if it causes more pain d. Apply cold, but be sure to place a thin layer between the cold and the skin e. All of the following are acceptable ways to care for injuries to bones, muscles and joints

154 Which of the following are common types of splints?

a. Rigid b. Anatomical c. Soft d. Sling & Binder e. All of the above

155 To apply a splint, you should do all of the following EXCEPT,

a. Apply the splint so it extends above and below the injury b. Splint the body part in the position it was found c. Do not try to straighten the body part to fit a splint, rather make the splint fit the body part d. Tie the splint on tightly so that circulation is limited, thereby limiting swelling to the joint e. Recheck splints for feeling, warmth and color regularly after applying the splint

156 True or False: Anatomic splint the injured area to another body part

a. True b. False

157 True or False: Sling & Binder splints use a 3-‐ring binder to secure the limb inside a sling

a. True b. False

158 True or False: Rigid splints use a solid, hard object to support the injured area such as a piece of wood rather than an

object such as a magazine a. True b. False

159 True or False: Soft splints use a blanket, pillow or some other form soft object that would mold to the injury

a. True b. False

Head, Neck & Spinal Injuries (SLIDES 178 of 190)

160 Which of the following are precautions you should take if you suspect a head, neck or spinal injury? a. Do not remove helmets or facemask b. Support the head in the position you found it. If it is turned to one side, do not try to align it c. Minimize any movement of the body from head to toe d. When talking to the victim, have them respond verbally and avoid nodding the head e. All of the above are precautions I should take if I suspect a head, neck or spinal injury

Additional Classroom/Video Notes:

39

DAZED AND CONFUSED (SLIDE 179 of 190)

1 In the scene pictured on slide 179, what are the signals of an injury?

2 In the scene pictured on slide 179, what may have happened?

3 In the scene pictures on slide 179, what kind of injury could this be?

DAZED AND CONFUSED (SLIDE 180 of 190)

4 In the scene pictured on slide 180, what do you see happening?

5 In the scene pictured on slide 180, why is the responder positioned the way she is?

6 In the scene pictures on slide 180, what care steps should the responder be following?

CONCUSSION (SLIDES 181 – 182 of 190)

161 All of the following are signals of a concussion EXCEPT? a. A loss of consciousness b. Light sensitivity c. memory loss d. headache and/or nausea e. speech problems

162 To care for a person with a suspected concussion you should do all of the following EXCEPT…

a. Support the head and neck in the position found b. Maintain and open airway c. Control bleeding, accept for applying pressure to a skull fracture d. Loosely cover areas leaking clear fluids e. All of the above are methods of caring for a concussion

LESSON WRAP-‐UP (SLIDES 183 -‐ 188 of 190)

1 How do you control bleeding when it is associated with an open fracture?

2 If you suspect that a person has a head, neck or spinal injury and the person starts to vomit, what should you do?

3 Asher, age 8, tripped and bumped his head. At first you thought it was just a minor bump, but he will not stop crying. Now you are worried the injury might be more severe. What signals would indicate the injury is severe?

*Afraid you’ll forget what to do? Get the FREE RED CROSS FIRST AID APP Today! Text “GETFIRST” TO 90999 or Search “American Red Cross in your App store!

40

ADDITIONAL RED CROSS MODULES: Your instructor may also choose to show you the following modules from the Red Cross. Please take notes on these modules if your teacher shows them, otherwise they will be discussed and/or demonstrated at your practical.

STREAMING VIDEO FROM INSTRUCTOR’S CORNER (Requires instructor log-‐in, not for student home access)

OPTIONAL MODULE 1: APPLYING A MANUFACTURED TOURNIQUET

OPTIONAL MODULE 2: ASSISTING WITH AN ASTHMA INHALER

OPTIONAL MODULE 3: BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS TRAINING

OPTIONAL MODULE 4: HANDS-‐ONLY CPR

OPTIONAL MODULE 5: THE HEART’S ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

OPTIONAL MODULE 6: SPLINTING

OPTIONAL SKILL POSTER 1: CONSCIOUS CHOKING

OPTIONAL SKILL POSTER 2: HAND WASHING

41

ADDITIONAL CLASSROOM/VIDEO NOTES:

42

ADDITIONAL CLASSROOM/VIDEO NOTES:

45

PRACTICAL EXAM READY REFERENCE CARDS

Adult First Aid/CPR/AEDREADY REFERENCE

46

AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE FOR SAFETY, CHECK THE PERSON:

CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESSTap the shoulder and shout, “Are you OK?”

CALL 9-1-1If no response, CALL 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.�Q If an unconscious person is face-down, roll face-up,

supporting the head, neck and back in a straight line. If the person responds, obtain consent and CALL 9-1-1 or the local emergency number for any life-threatening conditions. CHECK the person from head to toe and ask questions to find out what happened.

OPEN THE AIRWAYTilt head, lift chin.

TIP: Use disposable gloves and other personal protective equipment and obtain consent whenever giving care.

CHECKING AN INJURED OR ILL ADULT APPEARS TO BE UNCONSCIOUS

PANEL 2

47

CHECK FOR BREATHINGCHECK quickly for breathing for no more than 10 seconds. �Q Occasional gasps are not breathing.

QUICKLY SCAN FOR SEVERE BLEEDING

WHAT TO DO NEXT�Q Give CARE based on conditions found. �Q IF NO BREATHING—Go to PANEL 6 or PANEL 7

(if an AED is immediately available).�Q IF BREATHING—Maintain an open airway and monitor

for any changes in condition.

PANEL 3

48

CONSCIOUS CHOKING CANNOT COUGH, SPEAK OR BREATHE

AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED OR ILL PERSON, HAVE SOMEONE CALL 9-1-1 AND GET CONSENT.

GIVE 5 BACK BLOWS Give 5 back blows.�Q Bend the person forward at the waist and

give 5 back blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of one hand.

GIVE 5 ABDOMINAL THRUSTS�Q Place a fist with the thumb side against

the middle of the person’s abdomen, just above the navel.

�Q Cover your fist with your other hand.�Q Give 5 quick, upward abdominal thrusts.

CONTINUE CAREContinue sets of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until the:�Q Object is forced�out.�Q Person can cough forcefully or breathe.�Q Person becomes unconscious.

WHAT TO DO NEXT

�Q IF THE PERSON BECOMES UNCONSCIOUS—CALL 9-1-1, if not already done, and give care for an unconscious choking adult, beginning with looking for an object (PANEL 5, Step 3).

PANEL 4

49

AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED OR ILL PERSON:

GIVE 30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS

Push hard, push fast in the middle of the chest at least 2 inches deep and at least 100 compressions per minute

GIVE 2 RESCUE BREATHS�Q Tilt the head back and lift the chin up.�Q Pinch the nose shut then make a complete

seal over the person’s mouth.�Q Blow in for about 1 second to make the

chest clearly rise.�Q Give rescue breaths, one after the other.

Note: If chest does not rise with rescue breaths, retilt the head and give another rescue breath.

DO NOT STOPContinue cycles of CPR. Do not stop CPR except in one of these situations:�Q You find an obvious sign of life, such as breathing.�Q An AED is ready to use.�Q Another trained responder or EMS personnel take over. �Q You are too exhausted to continue.�Q The scene becomes unsafe.

WHAT TO DO NEXT�Q IF AN AED BECOMES AVAILABLE—Go to AED, PANEL 7.�Q IF BREATHS DO NOT MAKE THE CHEST RISE— AFTER RETILTING HEAD—Go to

Unconscious choking, PANEL 5.

TIP: Person must be on firm, flat surface.

CPR NO BREATHING

TIP: If at any time you notice an obvious sign of life, stop CPR and monitor breathing and for any changes in condition.

PANEL 6

50


TURN ON AED Follow the voice and/or visual prompts.

WIPE BARE CHEST DRY

ATTACH PADS

TIP: Remove any medication patches with a gloved hand.

AED—ADULT OR CHILD OLDER THAN 8 YEARS OR WEIGHING MORE THAN 55 POUNDSNO BREATHING

PANEL 7

TIP: Do not use pediatric AED pads or equipment on an adult or child older than 8 years or weighing more than 55 pounds.

51

PLUG IN CONNECTOR, IF NECESSARY

STAND CLEARMake sure no one, including you, is touching the person.�Q Say, “EVERYONE, STAND CLEAR.”

ANALYZE HEART RHYTHMPush the “analyze” button, if necessary. Let AED analyze the heart rhythm.

DELIVER SHOCKIf SHOCK IS ADVISED:�Q Make sure no one, including you, is

touching the person.�Q Say, “EVERYONE, STAND CLEAR.”�Q Push the “shock” button, if necessary.

PERFORM CPRAfter delivering the shock, or if no shock is advised:�Q Perform about 2 minutes (or 5 cycles) of CPR.�Q Continue to follow the prompts of the AED.

TIPS:

breathing and for any changes in condition.

second responder operates the AED.

PANEL 8

52


COVER THE WOUND Cover the wound with a sterile dressing.

APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE UNTIL BLEEDING STOPS

COVER THE DRESSING WITH BANDAGE

Check for circulation beyond the injury (check for feeling, warmth and color).

APPLY MORE PRESSURE AND CALL 9-1-1If the bleeding does not stop:�Q Apply more dressings and bandages. �Q Continue to apply additional pressure.�Q Take steps to minimize shock.�Q CALL 9-1-1 or the local emergency number if not already done.

TIP: Wash hands with soap and water after giving care.

CONTROLLING EXTERNAL BLEEDING

PANEL 9

53


REMOVE FROM SOURCE OF BURN

COOL THE BURNCool the burn with cold running water at least until pain is relieved.

COVER LOOSELY WITH STERILE DRESSING

CALL 9-1-1CALL 9-1-1 or the local emergency number if the burn is severe or other life-threatening conditions are found.

CARE FOR SHOCK

BURNS

PANEL 10

54


CALL 9-1-1 OR POISON CONTROL HOTLINE For life-threatening conditions (such as if the person is unconscious or is not breathing, or if a change in the level of consciousness occurs), CALL 9-1-1 or the local emergency number. ORIf the person is conscious and alert, CALL the National Poison Control Center (PCC) hotline at 1-800-222-1222 and follow the advice given.

PROVIDE CAREGive CARE based on the conditions found.

POISONING


CALL 9-1-1 OR THE LOCAL EMERGENCY NUMBER

MINIMIZE MOVEMENTMinimize movement of the head, neck and spine.

STABILIZE HEADManually stabilize the head in the position in which it was found.�Q Provide support by placing your hands on both sides of the person’s head.�Q If head is sharply turned to one side, DO NOT move it.

HEAD, NECK OR SPINAL INJURIES

PANEL 11

55


THINK F.A.S.T. Face— Ask the person to smile. Does one side of face droop?Arm— Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward? Speech— Ask the person to repeat a simple sentence (such as, “The sky is blue.”). Is the speech slurred? Can the person repeat the sentence correctly?Time— CALL 9-1-1 immediately if you see any signals of a stroke. Try to determine the time when signals first appeared. Note the time of onset of signals and report it to the call taker or EMS personnel when they arrive.

PROVIDE CAREGive CARE based on the conditions found.

STROKEFOR A STROKE, THINK F.A.S.T.

PANEL 12 Copyright © 2011 by The American National Red CrossStock No. 656732

56

NOTES ON UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING:

57

Pediatric First Aid/CPR/AED READY REFERENCE

59

AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE FOR SAFETY, CHECK THE CHILD OR INFANT:

CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS Tap the shoulder and shout, “Are you OK?” �Q For an infant, you may flick the bottom

of the foot.

CALL 9-1-1 If no response, CALL 9-1-1 or the local emergency number. �Q If an unconscious child or infant is face-down, roll face-up, supporting the head,

neck and back in a straight line.

If ALONE—Give about 2 minutes of CARE, then CALL 9-1-1. If the child or infant responds, CALL 9-1-1 or the local emergency number for any life-threatening conditions and obtain consent to give CARE. CHECK the child from head to toe and ask questions to find out what happened.

TIPS: Use disposable gloves and other personal protective

equipment whenever giving care.

Obtain consent from parent or guardian, if present.

CHECKING AN INJURED OR ILL CHILD OR INFANTAPPEARS TO BE UNCONSCIOUS

PANEL 2

60

OPEN THE AIRWAY Tilt head back slightly, lift chin.

CHECK FOR BREATHINGCHECK quickly for no more than 10 seconds.�Q Occasional gasps are not breathing.�Q Infants have periodic breathing, so changes

in breathing pattern are normal for infants.

GIVE 2 RESCUE BREATHS If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths.�Q Tilt the head back and lift the chin up.�Q Child: Pinch the nose shut, then make a

complete seal over child’s mouth.�Q Infant: Make complete seal over infant’s

mouth and nose.�Q Blow in for about 1 second to make the

chest clearly rise.�Q Give rescue breaths, one after the other.

QUICKLY SCAN FOR SEVERE BLEEDING

WHAT TO DO NEXT �Q IF THE CHEST STILL DOES NOT CLEARLY RISE AFTER RETILITING HEAD —Go to

Unconscious Choking, PANEL 6.�Q IF NO BREATHING—Go to CPR, PANEL 7 or AED, PANEL 8 (if AED is immediately

available). �Q IF BREATHING—Monitor breathing and for any changes in condition.

TIPS: If you witnessed the child or infant suddenly

collapse, skip rescue breaths and start CPR (PANEL 7).

retilt the head and give another rescue breath.

PANEL 3

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CONSCIOUS CHOKING—CHILD CANNOT COUGH, SPEAK OR BREATHE

AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED OR ILL CHILD, HAVE SOMEONE CALL 9-1-1 AND GET CONSENT FROM THE PARENT OR GUARDIAN, IF PRESENT.

GIVE 5 BACK BLOWS Bend the child forward at the waist and give 5 back blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of one hand.

GIVE 5 ABDOMINAL THRUSTS �Q Place a fist with the thumb side against

the middle of the child’s abdomen, just above the navel.

�Q Cover your fist with your other hand.�Q Give 5 quick, upward abdominal thrusts.

CONTINUE CARE Continue sets of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until the:�Q Object is forced out.�Q Child can cough forcefully or breathe.�Q Child becomes unconscious.

WHAT TO DO NEXT �Q IF CHILD BECOMES UNCONSCIOUS—CALL 9-1-1, if not already done. Carefully

lower the child to the ground and give CARE for an unconscious choking child, beginning with looking for an object (PANEL 6, Step 3).

TIP: Stand or kneel behind the child, depending on his or her size.

PANEL 4

62

CONSCIOUS CHOKING—INFANT CANNOT COUGH, CRY OR BREATHE

AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED OR ILL INFANT, HAVE SOMEONE CALL 9-1-1 AND GET CONSENT FROM THE PARENT OR GUARDIAN, IF PRESENT. GIVE 5 BACK BLOWS

Give firm back blows with the heel of one hand between the infant’s shoulder blades.

GIVE 5 CHEST THRUSTS Place two or three fingers in the center of the infant’s chest just below the nipple line and compress the breastbone about 1½ inches.

CONTINUE CARE

Continue sets of 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts until the:�Q Object is forced out.�Q Infant can cough forcefully, cry or breathe.�Q Infant becomes unconscious.

WHAT TO DO NEXT �Q IF INFANT BECOMES UNCONSCIOUS—CALL 9-1-1, if not already done. Carefully

lower the infant onto a firm, flat surface and give CARE for an unconscious choking infant, beginning with looking for an object (PANEL 6, Step 3).

TIP: Support the head and neck securely when giving back blows and chest thrusts. Keep the head lower than the chest.

PANEL 5

63

CPR—CHILD AND INFANT NO BREATHING

AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED OR ILL CHILD OR INFANT:

GIVE 30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS Push hard, push fast in the middle of the chest.�Q Child: Push about 2 inches deep.�Q Infant: Push about 1½ inches

deep.�Q Push fast, at least 100

compressions per minute.

GIVE 2 RESCUE BREATHS �Q Tilt the head back and lift the chin up.�Q Child: Pinch the nose shut, then make a complete

seal over child’s mouth.�Q Infant: Make complete seal

over infant’s mouth and nose.�Q Blow in for about 1 second to

make the chest clearly rise.�Q Give rescue breaths, one after

the other.

DO NOT STOP Continue cycles of CPR. Do not stop CPR except in one of these situations:

WHAT TO DO NEXT FOR CHILD AND INFANT �Q IF AN AED BECOMES AVAILABLE—Go to AED, PANEL 8.�Q IF BREATHS DO NOT MAKE CHEST RISE—Give CARE for unconscious choking

(PANEL 6).

TIP: Child or infant must be on firm, flat surface.

TIP: If at any time you notice an obvious sign of life, stop CPR and monitor breathing and for any changes in condition.

PANEL 7

�Q You find an obvious sign of life, such as breathing.

�Q An AED is ready to use.

�Q Another trained responder or EMS personnel take over.

�Q You are too exhausted to continue.�Q The scene becomes unsafe.

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AED—CHILD AND INFANT YOUNGER THAN AGE 8 OR WEIGHING LESS THAN 55 POUNDS NO BREATHING

AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED OR ILL CHILD OR INFANT:

TURN ON AED Follow the voice and/or visual prompts.

WIPE BARE CHEST DRY

ATTACH PADS If pads risk touching each other, use front-to-back pad placement.

PLUG IN CONNECTOR,

IF NECESSARY

PANEL 8

TIP: When available, use pediatric settings or pads when caring for children and infants. If pediatric equipment is not available, rescuers may use AEDs configured for adults.

65

TIPS:

the second responder operates the AED.

breathing and for any changes in condition.

STAND CLEAR Make sure no one, including you, is touching the child or infant.�Q Say, “EVERYONE, STAND CLEAR.”

ANALYZE HEART RHYTHM

Push the “analyze” button, if necessary. Let AED analyze the heart rhythm.

DELIVER SHOCK IF A SHOCK IS ADVISED:�Q Make sure no one, including you,

is touching the child or infant.�Q Say, “EVERYONE, STAND CLEAR.”�Q Push the “shock” button, if necessary.

PERFORM CPR After delivering the shock, or if no shock is advised:�Q Perform about 2 minutes (or 5 cycles) of CPR.�Q Continue to follow the prompts of the AED.

PANEL 9

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CONTROLLING EXTERNAL BLEEDING

AFTER CHECKING THE SCENE AND THE INJURED CHILD OR INFANT:

COVER THE WOUND Cover the wound with a sterile dressing.

APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE UNTIL BLEEDING STOPS

COVER THE DRESSING

WITH BANDAGE Check for circulation beyond the injury (check for feeling, warmth and color).

APPLY MORE PRESSURE AND CALL 9-1-1 If the bleeding does not stop:�Q Apply more dressings and bandages.�Q Continue to apply additional pressure.�Q Take steps to minimize shock.�Q CALL 9-1-1 if not already done.

TIP: Wash hands with soap and water after giving care.

PANEL 10

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BURNS


REMOVE FROM SOURCE OF BURN

COOL THE BURN Cool the burn with cold running water at least until pain is relieved.

COVER LOOSELY WITH STERILE DRESSING

CALL 9-1-1 CALL 9-1-1 or the local emergency number if the burn is severe or other life-threatening conditions are found.

CARE FOR SHOCK

PANEL 11

68

POISONING


CALL 9-1-1 OR POISON CONTROL HOTLINE For life-threatening conditions (such as if the child or infant is unconscious or is not breathing or if a change in the level of consciousness occurs), CALL 9-1-1 or the local emergency number. ORIf conscious and alert, CALL the National Poison Control Center (PCC) hotline at 1-800-222-1222 and follow the advice given.

PROVIDE CARE Give CARE based on the conditions found.

SEIZURE


CALL OR HAVE SOMEONE CALL 9-1-1

REMOVE NEARBY OBJECTS �Q DO NOT hold or restrain the child or infant.�Q DO NOT place anything between the teeth or in the mouth.

AFTER SEIZURE PASSESMonitor breathing and for changes in condition.

WHAT TO DO NEXT �Q Comfort and reassure the child or infant. If

fluids or vomit are present, roll the child or infant to one side to keep the airway clear.

�Q Provide CARE based on conditions found.

PANEL 12 Copyright © 2011 by The American National Red CrossStock No. 656733

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WRITTEN EXAM REVIEW

TRAINING MANUAL NOTES

71

THE BIG PICTURE: REMEMBER YOUR ROLE IN THE EMS SYSTEM

STEP 1 RECOGNIZE THAT AN EMERGENCY EXISTS

STEP 2 DECIDE TO ACT

STEP 3 ACTIVATE THE EMS SYSTEM

STEP 4 GIVE CARE UNTIL HELP TAKES OVER

A. get consent B. prevent spread of disease/be prepared/equipment C. emergency action steps (check-call-care)

1. abc’s: airway– breathing-circulation 2. be prepared for shock and special situations

AMERICAN RED CROSS WORKBOOK AND WRITTEN EXAM REVIEW AND FIRST AID OUTLINE

1. The leading causes of death in the United States are… (p. 1)

A. HEART DISEASE -

B. SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST -

C. NUMBER ONE CAUSE OF DEATH IN THE U.S.A. -

D. DEATHS DUE TO UNINTENTIONAL INJURY -

E. NUMBER DISABLED DUE TO UNINTENTIONAL INJURY -

2. TO RECOGNIZE AN EMERGENCY WHEN YOU SURVEY THE SCENE, LOOK FOR… (p. 2-3)

A. UNUSUAL NOISES -

B. UNUSUAL SIGHTS -

C. UNUSUAL ODORS -

D. UNUSUAL APPEARANCES/BEHAVIORS -

72

3. DECIDING TO ACT: COMMON FACTORS THAT KEEP PEOPLE FROM ACTING ARE… (p. 3-4)

A.

B.

C.

E.

F.

G.

D.

4. TO ACTIVATE THE EMS SYSTEM, YOU CALL… (p. 4)

5. GETTING PERMISSION TO GIVE CARE (The Rules of Consent) - (p. 5)

A. CONSCIOUS ADULT –

B. UNCONSCIOUS ADULT –

C. CONSCIOUS MINOR CHILD –

D. UNCONSCIOUS MINOR CHILD –

6. DISEASE TRANSMISSION AND PREVENTION (p. 5, 7-8)

A. HOW DISEASE SPREADS (p. 5)

B. PREVENTION WHILE GIVING CARE (p. 5-6)

C. CLEANING UP BLOOD SPILLS (p. 7)

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D. FOCUS ON HIV AND AIDS (p. 8)

7. TO BE PREPARED FOR EMERGENCIES, HAVE/KNOW: (p. 6-7)

A. IMPORTANT MEDICAL INFORMATION

1. FAMILY MEDICAL INFORMATION

2. MEDICAL ID TAG, BRACELET, ETC.

3. HOUSE/APT. # EASY TO READ

4. FIRST AID KIT

5. BE TRAINED AND PREPARED

B. OTHER THINGS YOU CAN DO TO PREPARE FOR EMERGENCIES

1. POISON CONTROL CENTER (p. 6) -

2. EMERGENCY NUMBERS (p. 6) – [9-1-1 vs, 3-1-1 et al.] -

3. I.C.E. CELL PHONES AND TURN GPS TO ‘LOCATION ON’

74

8. EMERGENCY ACTION STEPS: CHECK-CALL-CARE

A. CHECK the SCENE and the PERSON (p. 8-9) –

1. Is it…

2. Is…

3. How many…

4. Is anyone…

5. What is…

6. Checking Children & the Elderly –

7. Identifying Life-Threatening Conditions –

75

B. CALL 9-1-1 OR local emergency number (p. 10-11) – LIFE THREATENING CONDITIONS LIST:

*1. 10.

*2. 11.

*3. 12.

*4. 13.

*5. 14.

6. 15.

7. 16.

8. 17.

9. 18.

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C. IF YOU ARE ALONE, ALWAYS ‘CALL FIRST’ FOR… (p. 11)

1.

2.

3.

D. IF YOU ARE ALONE, ALWAYS ‘CARE FIRST’ FOR… (p. 11)

1.

2.

NOTE: “Call First” situations are likely to be cardiac emergencies, where time is a critical factor. “Care First” situations are often related to breathing emergencies.

E. CARE (p. 11-22) - GENERAL GUIDELINES a. determine if they are conscious or unconscious and b. follow appropriate steps below c. always remember

i. check first for life-threatening conditions ii. do no further harm iii. monitor breathing &: consciousness iv. help them rest comfortably v. maintain body temperature vi. reassure person vii. give any speciic care as needed viii. transporting the person yourself (details later in this unit)

1. NEVER Transport at person: a. When…

b. When…

c. If…

77

F. CARE FOR CONSCIOUS VICTIM: (p. 14-17)

1. INTERVIEWS

a. the person –

b. the bystanders -

c. Interview questions -

1.

2.

3.

4.

2. HEAD-TO-TOE EXAM

G. CARING FOR AN UNCONSCIOUS VICTIM (p. 17-20)

1. AIRWAY –

2. BREATHING - (LOOK, LISTEN, FEEL)

3. CIRCULATION -

78

H. WHAT TO DO NEXT: (P. 19)

1. IF YOU MUST LEAVE -

a. RECOVERY POSITION (P. 21) -

1. Adult/Child –

2. Infant -

b. H.A.IN.E.S. (p. 19, 21-22)

2. AGONAL BREATHING (p. 19) -

NOTE: USING CPR BREATHING BARRIERS (p. 19) –

11. SPECIAL SITUATIONS (p. 20-21)

A. AIR IN THE STOMACH

A. VOMITING

B. MOUTH-TO-NOSE BREATHING

C. MOUTH-TO-STOMA BREATHING

D. HEAD, NECK, SPINAL INJURIES

79

E. DROWNING VICTIMS

F. INCIDENT STRESS REACTIONS (p. 22-23) –

12. GUIDELINES FOR COPING WITH INCIDENT STRESS (p. 23) -

13. TECHNIQUES FOR MOVING AN ILL OR INJURED PERSON

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

14. TYPES OF NON-EMERGENCY MOVES

A.

B.

15. TYPES OF EMERGENCY MOVES

A.

B.

80

C.

D.

E. REACHING A PERSON IN THE WATER

1.

2.

3.

16. SHOCK IS… (p. 16)

17. THE SIGNS OF SHOCK ARE… (p. 16)

18. TREATING SHOCK: (p. 16-17)

*GENERAL REMINDER:

“IF THE FACE IS RED, RAISE THE HEAD… IF THE FACE IS PALE, RAISE THE TAIL”

*DO NOT ELEVATE IF IT CAUSES PAIN OR DISCOMFORT!

81

19. OXYGEN DEPRIVATION (p. 55)

A. 0 MINUTES –

B. 4-6 MINUTES -

C. 6-10 MINUTES -

D. OVER 10 MINUTES -

20. RESPIRATORY DISTRESS (p. 56) –

21. RESPIRATORY ARREST (p. 56) –

23. CAUSES OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS/ARREST (p. 56) –

24. ASTHMA (p. 56) –

25. C.O.P.D. (p. 56) –

26. OTHER RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS (p. 57-58)

A. EMPHYSEMA

B. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS –

C. ACUTE BRONCHITIS –

D. HYPERVENTILATION –

E. ALLERGIC REACTIONS –

a. ANAPHYLAXIS –

82

F. CROUP –

G. EPIGLOTTITIS –

27. CAUSES OF CHOKING

A. ADULTS (p. 59) –

B. CHILDREN/INFANTS (p. 59-60) –

C. CHOKING PREVENTION (p. 59) –

28. CARE FOR CHOKING

A. ENCOURAGE COUGHING – B. HOW DO I KNOW IF THEY’RE CHOKING?

29. SPECIAL SITUATIONS FOR CONSCIOUS CHOKING ADULT OR CHILD (p. 61-62)

A. LARGE OR PREGNANT PERSON

B. BEING ALONE AND CHOKING

C. A PERSON IN A WHEELCHAIR

83

30. ASPIRIN AND HEART ATTACK (p. 33)

A. After calling 9-1-1, if a conscious person can answer “NO” to all of the questions below in “2.”, you may offer him or her two chewable baby aspirins (81mg each) or up to one 5-grain (325mg) adult aspirin with a small amount of water. Be sure you use only aspirin – not Tylenol, acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as Motrin, Advil or ibuprofen, Naproxen and Aleve. Do NOT use coated aspirin products or products meant for multiple uses such as cold, fever and headache.

B. The questions to ask if the person is able to take medicine by mouth… 1. Are you…

2. Do you have…

3. Are you taking any blood thinners such as…

4. Have you been told…

A. If you are unable or unwilling for ANY REASON to perform FULL CPR, give continuous chest compressions after calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number. Continue giving chest compressions until EMS Personnel take over or you notice any obvious sign of life, such as breathing.

31. THE CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL

A.

B.

C.

D.

84

USE THE PAGES THAT FOLLOW TO TAKE ANY ADDITIONAL NOTES YOU CHOOSE ON THE FOLLOWING PAGES FROM THE ONLINE TRAINING MANUAL.

ü NOTES ON CARDIAC DISEASE AND EMERGENCIES (p. 29-43)

ü NOTES ON A.E.D. USE (p. 44-53)

ü NOTES ON BREATHING EMERGENCIES AND CHOKING (p. 54-70)

ü NOTES ON SUDDEN ILLNESSES (p.71-83)

ü NOTES ON ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES (p. 84-100)

ü NOTES ON SOFT TISSUE INJURIES (p.101- 118)

ü NOTES ON INJURIES TO MUSCLES, BONES & JOINTS (p.119-137)

ü NOTES ON SPECIAL SITUATIONS & CIRCUMSTANCES (p.138 - 150)

ü NOTES ON ASTHMA (p.151- 156)

ü NOTES ON ANAPHYLAXIS & EPINEPHRINE AUTO-INJECTORS (p.157-162)

ü NOTES ON INJURY PREVENTION & EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS (p. 163 - 171)

ü NOTES ON REMOVING GLOVES and DISEASE PREVENTION (p. 24)

ü NOTES ON CARDIAC DISEASE AND EMERGENCIES (p. 29-43)

american red cross unit new 2015-16 · why certification? certification vs. good samaritan law...

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