american theatre history. the first play ever produced on american soil… august 27, 1655 august...
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American Theatre History
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The first play ever produced on American soil…
August 27, 1655Ye Bare and Ye CubbAccomac, VirginiaFowkes’ Tavern
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The first playhouse in the American colonies…
1716Williamsburg, Virginia
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The first professional theatre in America…
1752William Hallam
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The first time American soldiers fired on American
citizens…The Astor Place
RiotsMay 7, 1849William Charles
MacCreadyEnglishAstor Place Opera
HouseShakespeareUpper class
Edwin ForrestAmericanBowery TheatreShakespeareWorking Class
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The Astor Place Opera House
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Bowery Theatre
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William Charles MacCready
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Edwin Forrest
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First President Assassinated…
Abraham Lincoln John Wilkes BoothFord’s Theatre, Washington D.C.April 14, 1865
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John Wilkes Booth (AKA J.B. Wilkes)
Actor and AssassinFirst stage appearance:17 years oldAugust 14, 1855Earl of Richmond in Richard IIICharles Street Theatre, Baltimore, MDDownfall?
Southern Sympathizer
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Sic Semper Tyrannis
April 14, 1865Went to get his mail, came out an
assassinStabbed Henry RathboneShot LincolnDove onstage to escapeBroke his legCarried to Garrett farmShot and Killed on April 26, 1865
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Common Works of the Late Nineteenth Century
Most popular:Shakespeare
“…Shakespeare, had he been alive at the time, would have been, at heart at least, an American.”
Development:Melodrama
A sensational dramatic piece with exaggerated characters and exciting events intended to appeal to the emotions of the audience
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One of the Most Famous Melodramatic Works
Uncle Tom’s Cabin Adapted by George AikenBased on the novel by Harriet Beecher
StoweVital Abolitionist novel
Created Stereotypes we still know today:The Mammy– affectionate, dark-skinned
grandmotherThe Pickaninny– black childrenUncle Tom– dutiful, faithful, hard-working servant-
slave
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“The Mammy”
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“The Pickaninny”
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“Uncle Tom”
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Climax
Eliza escaping with her child
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Theatrical Poster
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African Grove TheatreNew York City, New York3rd attempt
Most successfulFirst Play Written by an African-
AmericanThe Drama of King Shotaway
Shut down in 18231858
William Wells BrownThe EscapeEx-slave
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The Minstrel ShowPopular Form of Theatre at the timeWhite, or black, actors dressed in
“blackface”Comic skitsParodiesBuffoonerySlapstick
RevealedRacial stereotypingRacist Themes
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Theatrical SyndicateCreators
Charles FrohmanAl HaymanAde ErlangerMark FlawSam FlendersonFred Zimmerman
PurposeA systemized booking agency for
theatrical troupes across the US
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Rival: The Shubert Organization
CreatorsLee ShubertSam ShubertJacob Shubert
Purpose“Theatre for all”
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VaudevilleThe Variety Show
is bornSeries of
separate, unrelated acts grouped together and billed together
Types of ActsMusiciansSingersDancers
ComediansTrained animalsMagiciansImpersonatorsAcrobatsjugglers
SourcesConcert saloonMinstrelsyFreak showsDime museumsBurlesque
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Burlesque
Characteristics of Burlesque:Minimal costumingFocus on the female formSexual innuendoQuick-witted humorPunsShort routines or sketches
Think SNL
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Birth of the Musical
Comic Operas and Pantomimes performed
Minstrel shows - played banjos, tambourines, “bones”, sang, danced, and made jokes
Music Halls and Vaudevilles - unrelated acts, magic, jugglers, acrobats, sketches, animals, singers, and dancers
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What is a Musical?
a play or movie in which singing and dancing play an essential part
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The First Musical
The Black Crook - Sept 12, 1866 in New YorkRan 474 performances5 1/2 hours longMixture of drama, spectacle, scenery,
transformations with ballet and scantily clad dancers
Lots of scenic special effectsProduced in Birmingham, AL in 1882!
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The Black Crook