americas infrastructure crisis
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In a country as vast as the U.S., with such great geographical
historical and political diversity, one challenge seems sadlyuniversal: the infrastructure we rely on to live and thrive
is rapidly coming unraveled. Roads, bridges, public transit,airports, water and sewage systemsmost are failing to keep
pace with the expanding needs of a burgeoning population,
and some are virtually on the brink of collapse.
The American Society of Civil Engineers assesses these
challenges on a national scale every four years, issuing acomprehensive Report Card on the state of our infra-
structure (see page 2). In ASCEs most recentReport Card,released in March 2009, no category of infrastructure
achieved a grade higher than C+, and the grades for
infrastructure that touches lives every dayour roadways,schools, water systems and airportsranged from C to D-.
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ASCEs 2009Report Card for Americas Infrastructure
highlights serious needs of the nations infrastructure
including focused, visionary leadership and adequatefundingthat can and must be addressed. To respond to
theReport Cards ndings, ASCE advanced the Key Solutionsas a starting point for discussion and real, positive change.
raising the grades
fiveKE
YS
olutionS
1
2
3
4
5
increase Federal leadership in inFrastructureDuring the 20th Century, the federal government led the way in building our
nations greatest infrastructure systems. Since that time, federal leadership
has decreased, and the condition of the nations infrastructure has suffered.
A strong national vision must originate with strong federal leadership and be
shared by all levels of government and the private sector.
promote sustainability and resilienceAmericas infrastructure must meet the ongoing needs for natural resources,
industrial products, energy, food, transportation, shelter and effective waste
management, and at the same time protect and improve environmental
quality. Sustainability and resiliency must be an integral part of improving
our infrastructure.
develop Federal, regional, and state inFrastructure plansInfrastructure investment at all levels must be prioritized and executed
according to well-conceived plans that both complement the national vision
and focus on system-wide outputs. The plans must reect a better dened set
of federal, state, local, and private sector roles and responsibilities and instill
better discipline for setting priorities and focusing funding to solve the most
pressing problems.
address liFe-cycle costs and ongoing maintenanceAs infrastructure is built or rehabilitated, life-cycle cost analysis should be
performed for all infrastructure systems to account for initial construction,
operation, maintenance, environmental, safety and other costs reasonably
anticipated during the life of the project, such as recovery after disruption
from natural or manmade hazards.
increase and improve inFrastructure investment From all stakeholdersAll levels of government, owners, and users must renew their commitment to
infrastructure investments in all categories. All available nancing options
must be explored and debated. The longer critical investments to improve the
operability, safety, and resilience of the nations infrastructure are withheld,
the greater the future cost and risk of failure.
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Tomorrows Needs
Some of the vision that the federalgovernment has provided in the pasthas been century-level visionit has
looked past several generations and
asked, what are the long-term needs
of the country that are going to
be met by this basic infrastructure
that we build?DavidConrad,NationalWildlife
Federation
CommuNiCaTe suCCess
Over the years I believe weve donereally well in addressing environmen-tal issues and sustainability issues,
but we simply have not done a verygood job of communicating that to the
taxpayer. Our ability to communicate
with policy makers or the taxpayer
really needs to be improved so that
people understand what we have
been able to accomplish.VictorMendez,P.E.,M.ASCE,
administrator,FederalHighways
Administration
all Have a role
How does ASCE help shape andinuence the American public andthe senior elected leadership so that
everybody in America feels they have
an obligation to future generations
to build an America that is built on
the lowest life-cycle costs?VADMMichaelLoose(Ret.),P.E.,
M.ASCE
NaTioNal sigNifiCaNCe
Given the fact that weve talked aboutthe lack of leadership, the lack of anational vision, the whole depoliti-
cizing of the process, public-private
partnerships, innovative nancing, if
what we do believe were missing on
the national level is this vision and
this mechanism for funding those
projects that are truly of national
signicancewhether they are port
projects, freight projectsall of
these things matter to the national
government.RobertPuentes,BrookingsInstitution
NaTioNal vs. loCal
At the local level, referendums carrystrongly because of specic projectlists, and I think that lesson has been
learned well because earmarking has
grown dramatically because of that
translation. The problem is it doesnt
address the national needs in any
clear way. What that argues for is
that there are different strokes for
different folks.JackBasso,AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportation
fcials
JAnuA 14, 15, 19, 2010 Washington,DC
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In every roundtable, participants
expressed rustration with the ederal
government or ailing to step up to its
role as an infrastructure leader. Some noted that the
federal government has taken a positive approach
in key areas of infrastructure planning and funding,
and recent steps toward increasing funding for infra-
structure projects was welcomed.
On the other hand, participants almost uni-
formly condemned the strings attached to federalfunds, citing situations where micromanagement
or unreasonable regulations are getting in the way.
For example, in Omaha a participant lamented that
federal regulations demanded formal assessments
of each plot of land being donated for right-of-way
for a water projectyet the assessment fees were up
to 10 times more than the value of the land rights.
Another Omaha participant suggested Wash-
ington adopt a performance-based policy that takes
into consideration the challenges facing local com-
munities. These would consist of broad guidelines
and specications, from which the local governmentswould develop detailed plans.
Tight strictures on spending also were a con-
cern. In the Boston roundtable, it was pointed out
that Massachusetts transportation needs and priori-
ties were vastly different from those in other states,
and that more money should be provided by the federal
government in the form of unrestricted grants.
Meanwhile, virtually all roundtable participants
agreed that the federal government could be a stronger
leader in the areas of innovation, research and best
practices. Due to their birds-eye-view of all the inno-
vations across the country, they could act efcientlyas a clearinghouse for information on advances in
materials and construction techniques, and facilitate
better, more coordinated regional planning.
In Houston, for example, participants pointed
out that a cookie-cutter plan for the country is
unlikely to work because issues vary so widely.
And despite the fact that local problems are typically
better understood at the local or regional levels,
federal restrictions in the form of strings attached
to funding only serve to hinder progress.
1
There is direct impact on the public, but there are very
few who really understand the intricacies of infrastructure,
and somehow there needs to be leadership providing the
basis of public education and public awareness.
RichardCapka,P.E.,M.ASCE,formeradministrator,
FederalHighwayAdministration
Federal
lea
ders
hip
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JuL 28, 2010 Houston
BuildiNg THe Case
Too often, government doesnt workenough on communicating the valueproposition. People think youre going
to ask them for more money, but that
nothing is going to change. You need
to start building a case so people can
see the value in doing something.GeorgeGreanias,PresidentandCE,
METR
sHow wHaT you did
The city raised water rates signi-cantly. The public is okay with this,though, because we keep reminding
them of what we did with their money.
People will pay for what they perceiveis a better product.DavidHarris,AssistantDivision
DirectorofPublicWorks,
Brownswood,Texas
THe upfroNT visioN
Should maintenance cost over the lifeof the project be included as an itemin the proposal? [Thats perhaps the
next step we should take.] We need
to inform the owners of what should
be done. Otherwise they will continue
to lack a long-term vision. And theyll
continue to look for the cheapest
possible methods.SteveCostello,P.E.,M.ASCE,Council
Member,CityofHouston
THe BasiCs aNd more
For economic development (of acity), infrastructure must provide aplatform on which companies can
operate freely, quickly and efciently
ultimately, the goal is to focus on
things that are an enhancement to
the city, not just providing a base
level of services that we must have
in order to operate.AnniseParker,MayorofHouston,
Texas
CASE STUDYAMulti-AgencyCommandCenter
H o u s t o n, t X e hosto raStar cosort s a part-
ersp etee or goveret ageces resposle
or provdg trasportato ad eergecy aageet
servces to te Soteast exas ego. e aclty ses
state-o-te-art tecologes to redce trac cogesto
ad prove roaday saety. i addto, raStar serves
as a coad ceter drg ood eergeces, org
to tgate jres, ataltes ad property daage. we
created 1994, raStar as te rst o ts d te
ato; t o serves as a odel orgazato or regoal
cooperato ad provdg a sae ad ole coty.
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There is strong public support for multiple-use and
multiple benet projects and for focusing on the livable
community. What this means is creatively looking
at using the public infrastructure as a way to promote
the livable community strategyfor example, to look
at putting trails on any utility corridors.
RichardDolesh,NationalRecreationandParksAssociation
2
promoting
sustainability
At every roundtable, participants agreed
that investing careullyand with the
right oresightwould now, in most cases,
deliver a project that would last longer and be less
costly to maintain.
Several roundtable participants brought up the
issue of low-bid requirements, which they said were
forcing them to choose contractors that they knew
would deliver poorer quality and that would likely
bring only greater expense and maintenance woes
down the road. Such regulations, participants said,
should be amended to include quality metrics as
well as initial price.
One potential solution mentioned is qualications-
based selection (QBS), which requires architectural
and engineering rms to compete based on skills,
experience and ability to perform the required
servicesnot just price. As one participant pointed
out in Omaha, the hidden costs of low bids often lie
in the litany of change orders, or in the long-term
maintenance needed to keep sub-par work from
unraveling over the years.
At several roundtables, participants also pointed
to public education as a weak spot in achieving more
sustainable infrastructure. Especially in tough eco-
nomic times, citizens tend to focus on the initial price
tag associated with construction. And few politicians
are eageror well preparedto stand up and argue
for spending more even if the merits of doing so are
compelling. Engineers can and should play a signi-
cant role in building the case for a longer-term view,
participants said.
Several participants at the Raleigh roundtable
called for establishment of sustainability standards
for various types of infrastructure. Such standards
would allow proposals and bids to be assessed in light
of their potential resilience and longevity.
In Houston, participants provided some practical
ideas that would be green and cheap. One idea is to
synch up road and water system repairs, so you can x
both at the same time in ways that reduce environmen-
tal impact and cost. Another idea is to improve trafc
managementsuch as using blinking yellow lights at
off-peak timesto move trafc and reduce emissions.
Several roundtable participants touched on the
need to balance multiple factors in seeking to build
sustainable infrastructure. Some highlighted their own
approaches, while others focused on the triple bottom
line approach, which measures sustainability based
on its environmental, economic and social impacts.
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AuuS 16, 2010 Sacramento
iTs aBouT eduCaTioN
Funding is only half of the solution.There is absolutely no sense of conti-nuity or agreement in terms of what
must be done. We need to do a better
job educating people on what infra-
structure means to the country.JimEarp,ExecutiveDirector,
CaliforniaAllianceforJobs
Sacramento
No riBBoN CuTTiNgs
Maintenance isnt sexy. We know thatpoliticians are drawn to projects withribbon cuttings. But we have to focus
on maintenance. Its not efcient to
only go in and x it when the projectis about to fail.RickLand,P.E.,M.ASCE,Chief
Engineer&DeputyDirectorfor
ProjectDelivery,CaliforniaDT
gaiNiNg aligNmeNT
If we dont know where were goingcollectively, well just end up in a bigknot in the middle. Before we start
spending more money we need to
bring governance and institutional
structures into line.DaleBonner,Secretary,Business,
Transportation&HousingAgency,
California
THe Big piCTure
We are looking at what-if scenariosfor future funding. For example, if[California] is successful at pushing
electric cars, then Caltrans is out a
certain percentage of gas tax revenue.In essence, 10 percent success with
electric cars, means minus 10 percent
for Caltrans.JuliaBurrows,ManagingPartner,
ValleyVision,Inc.
CASE STUDYFloodSAFECalifornia
s acram e nt o , ca floodSAfE Calora s a sstaale
tegrated ood aageet ad eergecy respose
syste operatg trogot Calora tat proves
plc saety, protects ad eaces evroetal ad
cltral resorces, ad spports ecooc grot y
redcg te proalty o destrctve oods, prootg
eecal oodpla processes ad loerg te daages
cased y oodg. Created 2006 y te Cal ora
Departet o water esorces, floodSAfE coordates
te eorts o state, local ad ederal parters, ad t
s ded y a $5 llo state od. e progras goal s
to rg 200-year ood protecto to te Sacraeto-Sa
Joaq Valley y te ed o 2025.
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Across the roundtables, there was enthu-
siasm about the potential synergies and
benefts o more integrated planning
across states and regions, and even nationally.
However, the realities of political drivers and
jurisdictional complexity often make integratedinfrastructure projects and planning hard to execute.
A frequent theme was the fragmented nature
of federal-to-state and state-to-local relationships.
For example, in the Boston roundtable, leaders of a
land use commission on Cape Cod, Mass., lamented
the difculty of trying to coordinate land use and
infrastructure planning for 15 extremely autonomous
towns. Two-thirds of the nitrogen-sensitive water-
sheds cross town lines, making a regional approach
essential for making headway in preservation.
Participants at several roundtables suggested
that help with promoting a more regional approachshould be, and has been, a role for the federal
government. In Omaha, it was noted that when the
Clean Water Act was rst passed, the Environmental
Protection Agency strongly encouraged and supported
regional planning. This planning came with nancial
incentives, an approach the federal government might
use successfully in other areas.
Not all infrastructure projects require regional
planning though, noted a Houston roundtable
participant. Projects should be tieredlocal, state,
regionalto reect the breadth of their impact.
Planners should analyze which projects require
broader regional or statewide planning and which
dont, so that ofcials can focus their energy on
the right partnerships.
In Sacramento, a participant noted that science
and technology move so quickly that they are usually
ahead of policy and that rigid plans can do little to
keep pace. Thus a solution might be to focus on priori-
ties at the national, state and local levels, rather than
be hemmed in and held back by too much planning.
3
integrated
plann
ing
Most infrastructure issues are local issues and
constitutionally we have a federal role and then the
rest of it goes back to the states, and the piece thats
missing is the regions. I think how we need to think
about it in terms of roles and responsibilities is, what
can local government do with regional government?
RogerMillar,P.E.,F.ASCE,Missoula,MT
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wroNg foCus
People are driving down a highwaythats falling apart. And they look, andsound walls are going up. They won-
der: Is that whats happeningis that
how theyre spending moneyinstead
of repairing the roads?TomKinton,Jr.,CEandExecutive
Director,MassachusettsPort
Authority.
Tug of war
Its a matter of too many peopletouching too few dollars. As a result,people lack condence that projects
will be executed properly. The
federal governments role should beto provide funding, but then localities
should be empowered to decide how
to distribute it.JeffreySimon,Director,
MassachusettsRecoveryand
Reinvestmentfce
look aT THe sysTem
Sustainability is not just about theenvironment. Its about the economyas welland about how people access
their jobs and get good services. For
example, it doesnt make sense to put
in permeable pavement if it has to
be shipped here from the other side
of the globe.TabithaHarkin,SpecialProjects
Coordinator,CapeCodCommission
THe soCial NeTwork
The fact is that most of the publicdoesnt care about these issues. So,public outreach needs to change. Right
now, its geared toward advocacy orga-
nizations and people with extra time.
So, how do you reach people who are
busy? We have to take advantage of
social networking and other tools.AdamPloetz,AICP,DeputyDirector
orSustainableDevelopment,495/
MetroWestPartnership
AuuS 31, 2010 Boston
CASE STUDYFromDirtytoGreen
B o s t o n, m a bostos aror as oce o as oe o
Aercas drtest aterays, t tas to a sstatal
state vestet ad egeerg reatrogs, t s o
oe o te atos ost otale evroetal sccess
stores. Coceved te late 1980s ad operato sce
1995, te Deer islad reatet Plat s te ey copoet
te massacsetts water esorces Atortys $3.85
llo aror clea-p project. Deer islad s otale or
sg state o te art tecologes, sc as dstctve
egg-saped dgesters ad a 9.5-le-log dscarge ppe,
ad or provdg excess capacty drg et eater. i
addto, te slad eatres trals ad recreato areas,
as ell ts o poer plat ad eergy-geeratg dll.
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Across the roundtables, participants
agreed that there is continuing tension
between the unding needs or old and
new infrastructure. Several participants pointed
out that the public and politicians alike are drawn
to ribbon-cuttings and fanfare, which makes it more
difcult to draw attention to the need for investments
for ongoing maintenance across the life-cycle ofthe infrastructure.
In Raleigh, one participant cited sewer and
water system maintenance as particularly challenging
to elevate in the public debate. Such invisible infra-
structure is, too often, out of sight and out of mind,
which clearly impedes efforts to win nancial
support for system preservation or upgrades.
The consensus across the roundtables was that
ofcials must do a better job of educating the public
on the needs of ongoing maintenancebefore a system
failure draws lingering inadequacies into the spotlight.
A participant in Boston pointed out that mainte-
nance funding would be less of an issue if the federal
government would change its existing policies, which
focus exclusively on new infrastructure. This is one
reason that Massachusetts spends ten times as much
on new highway construction as it does on mainte-
nance ($1.1 billion vs. $100 million*). The ideal would be
to have access to a greater array of funding options to
meet core maintenance requirements across the state.
Roundtable participants generally agreed that
the key to winning public support for maintenance
expenditures was formulating detailed maintenance
schedules and then persistently making the case. Also,
when considering new infrastructure, ofcials mustconsider what it will add to maintenance and operation
costs. When such matters are taken into account at
the front end of the process, decision-makers are able
to move forward with their eyes wide open.
*SoUrCE Je mlla, Secretary ad CE, massD
4
liFe-cycl
e
cost
s
I would say, very simply, that maintenance projects dont
get people elected. There are common themes in all of these
questions of separating the political decision from the right
decision, and I think thats fundamental to anything that
were going to do thats going to solve the problem. The
reason why maintenance budgets are where they are is
because you cant cut a ribbon on a maintenance project.
AlexHerrgott,professionalstaff,U.S.Senate
CommitteeonEnvironmentandPublicWorks
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SEPEmbE 16, 2010 Raleigh
look uNderNeaTH
The essence of our issues can be sum-marized as out of sight, out of mind.[If you cant see it, it doesnt exist. But,
a lot of our infrastructure is under-
ground.] So, the question is: What do
we have to do now to preserve sewer
systems and water systems.GregTurner,AssistantCityManager,
Winston-Salem
geT a move oN
All infrastructure projects are basedon having the nancing to pay forthe project. Now, the Highway Trust
Fund has gone broke twice in the last
ve years. Theyve got to do some-thing on the big-ticket infrastructure
projects. Its taking eight to 12 years
to get permits. In that time you lose
your ability to nance.DavidJoyner,ExecutiveDirector,NC
TurnpikeAuthority
advoCaCy or CHeCk?
When it comes to federal leadership,are we asking them for advocacy, orare we asking them to write a check?
Small towns want the check, but
theres too much red tape that goes
along with it, and thats frustrating.RandyVoller,Mayor,Townof
Pittsboro
desigN yields saviNgs
High performance design is a slamdunk for government. We own build-ings for the long term. We can see
return within a few years, in terms
of energy and other savings.EllenReckhow,ViceChairman,
DurhamCountyBoardof
Commissioners
CASE STUDYAFuture-ProofTermina
rale i gH , nc ce a ajor arle , te aleg-Dra
Arport Atorty as aced t atag a agg ad
epty eral C. istead o leasg te space to aoter
arle, te atorty 2002 voted to replace te otdated
teral t a e, state-o-te-art aclty. Egeers
desged a eergy-ecet teral ad added eatres to
elp passegers avgate te area easly ad coortaly. i
addto, te atorty estalsed a coo se progra,
allog arles to se ay part o te aclty ad protectg
te arport ro cossteces te arle dstry.
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5
increasing
investment
The extreme shortage o inrastructure
unding represented a rustrating road-
block or participants at every roundtable.
The nations inadequately low gas tax was noted by
a range of individuals, but there was a consensus that
efforts to increase the tax may continue to be futile.Two reasons for this were raised the most often.
The rst is that few Washington leaders are willing
to step up and propose or support an increase in the
gas tax, for fear of being labeled as tax-raisers when
reelection time returns. The second reason is that,
even if such an increase were on the table, Americans
are increasingly skeptical that the money would
actually make it to the roads, bridges and other
infrastructure they use every day.
This second sentiment was echoed across the
roundtables in various forms, most often as: Send a
tax dollar to Washington and get (not very many) cents
back in infrastructure funding for the state or local
governments specic needs.
Several roundtable participants said that state
and local governments have stepped up and either
funded priority projects themselves, or worked with
local federal ofcials on ensuring that priority proj-
ects received funding. For example, continuing levee
repairs around Sacramento, funded primarily at the
state level, are an ongoing project that state and local
ofcials have worked on closely with the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers.
The key to garnering support for increased
infrastructure funding, according to most roundtable
participants, is to better educate the public. Cities
have had much greater success in passing infrastruc-
ture bond proposals when the public has known
specically what the money was going to produce
and what the benet would be.
Roundtable participants agreed that public-
private partnerships had potential as a means to
nd funding for infrastructure. Examples of these
partnerships ranged from toll roads, to asking devel-
opers to contribute to the cost of project amenities
like parks and sidewalks.
It was suggested that bringing the private sector
to the table has other advantages. For example, by
bringing companies in to discuss prospective projects,
the focus tends to be long termthat is, potential
private partners will focus on the costs of building and
maintaining an asset over 30 years. If a project doesnt
promise an advantageous return on investment, the
private partner will declineand it may mean that the
project itself needs rethinking to be nancially viable.
In all of the roundtables, the matter of political
courage arose as a necessary ingredient to focus
more funding on infrastructure maintenance and
improvement. For example, one of Annise Parkers
rst ofcial acts as the new mayor of Houston was
to fortify the citys water and sewer system with a 35
percent water rate hike. A city council member who
voted for the rate hike credited the mayors courage,
adding that straightforward, clear communications
with policymakers and the public helped to make
the change more understandable and acceptable.
In Sacramento, the federal government was
criticized for making funding decisions on a too-
narrow view of infrastructure projectfocusing on
big-x, single-purpose solutions. For example, restor-
ing a bridge might be the primary mission, but there
is a range of associated factors to consider. A broader
view would take into account the potential creation
of local construction jobs, increased tourism and
other benets. The key is to pull all the benets
together to build a compelling case for investment.
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SEPEmbE 29, 2010 maha
TakeN for graNTed
Its a tough challenge to raiserevenues. The public is not attuned.Were spoiled as Americans. We turn
on a light switch, or drive somewhere
and we take it for granted. As policy-
makers we dont do a good enough
job of communicating the cost to
make all of this happen.TimGay,NebraskaStateSenator
leave deTails To us
Every project has a focus and a mis-sion. As long as were mission focused,the federal government should give us
the leeway to do itnot worry about
the size of the manhole cover, or the
easementas long as things are fair.ThomasHanafan,MayorofCouncil
Bluffs,Iowa
look aT liaBiliTies
You have to ask, How is that infra-structure vulnerable? From weather,terrorist event, and other factors?
Is there a vulnerability analysis put
together when considering a plan?
Its not done universally.PaulJohnson,Director,Emergency
ManagementAgency,maha
low-Bid paradox
Contractors know to get the lowbid in, so they get the project. But, ifwe had a metric for quality, it would
be different. Right now, we can see
the low quality that some contractordelivers. We look at a trench and
say, Heres another nasty project
were going to have to spend 20 years
doing maintenance on.MarkChristiansen,PublicWorks
Director,York,Nebraska
CASE STUDYCleanSolutionsformaha
o m aH a, ne Ater decades o dpg treated seage
to te mssor ver drg coed seer overos,
te Cty o aa as reqred y te u.S. Evroetal
Protecto Agecy to pleet a ajor overal o te
seer ad storater systes. e cty pleeted
a $1.66 llo progra tat ll clde soe seer sepa-
rato, te costrcto o to e treatet plats, a
storater coveyace seer, ad overo storage tas
ad a tel. e progra, Clea Soltos or aa
(CS) sees to prove te qalty o le or aas
y 2024 y provdg a cleaer evroet, jo trag
ad opporttes o te costrcto o projects.
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RaleighJonathan Barfeld, CunCmmiSSinE, nEw hAnVE Cun
William Bell, mA, Ci f DuhAm
John Carman, DiEC, Ci f ALEih,PubLiC uiLiiES
Carl Dawson, PubLiC wkS DiEC,Ci f ALEih
Victoria Garland, SLiD wASE SEViCESDiEC, Ci f ChALE
Ellis Hankins, EECuiVE DiEC, nCLEAuE f muniCiPALiiES
Vivian A. Jones, mA,Ci f wAkE fES
David Joyner, EECuiVE DiEC,nC unPikE Auhi
Rodney Locks, CunCiL mEmbE,Ci f bEVAD
Benjamin J. Matthews, Ph.D.,DiEC, SChL SuPP DiViSin, nC
DEPAmEn f PubLiC inSuCin
Cary McSwain, Cun mAnAE,Cun f mE
Joseph M. Moore, II, P.E.,Ci mAnAE, Ci f bEVAD
Martin Nona, P.E., ASSiSAn DiEC,Ci f DuhAm, wAE mAnAEmEn
Ellen Reckhow, ViCE ChAimAn,DuhAm Cun bAD f CmmiSSinES
Jim Rispoli, P.E., M.ASCE, PESiDEn& CE, PJEC imE & CS, inC.
Deborah K. Ross, SAE EPESEnAiVE,SAE f nC
Scott Shuord, PLAnnin & DEVDiEC, Cun f nSLw
Ron Smith, PLAnnin & CmmuniDEVELPmEn, Cun f ASn
Greg Turner, ASSiSAn Ci mAnAE,Ci f winSn-SALEm
Randy Voller, mA, wn f PiSb
David L. Williams, AICP, EDFP,DiEC, ASn Cun, DEPAmEn
f PLAnnin AnD DEVELPmEn SEViCES
Greg Williams, Ph.D., P.E., ChiEf,EninEEin bAnCh, wiLminn ffiCE,
uS Am CPS f EninEES
Omaha
Joni Albrecht, DiSiC 2 CmmiSSinE,SAP Cun
Chris Anderson, Ci ADminiSA,Ci f CEnAL Ci
Laila Berre, P.E., DAm SAfE PAmmAnAE, uS Am CPS f EninEES,
nhwESEn DiViSin
Scott Bovick, DEPu CunADminiSA, SAP Cun nEbASkA
Roger Breed, CmmiSSinE f EDuCAin,SAE f nEbASkA
Mark D. Christiansen, PubLiC wkSDi, Ci f k
Rick Cunningham, PLAnnin DiEC,Ci f mAhA
Tim Gay, SAE SEnA, SAE f nE
Thomas P. Hanaan, mA,Ci f CunCiL bLuffS
Rebecca Horner, PLAnnin &DEVELPmEn CD, SAP Cun
Dale Jacobson, P.E. BCEE,F.ASCE, PESiDEn, JACbSnSAChELL CnSuLin
Paul W. Johnson, DiEC, EmEEnCmm AEnC, mAhADuLAS Cun
Brenda Larson, LEiSLAiVE AiDE,SEnA CnE, nE LEiSLAuE
Je Loll, DiEC f EninEEin DESin,mEPLiAn uiLiiES DiSiC, mAhA, nE
Greg Mellema, SuPEViS CiViLEninEE, uS Am CPS f EninEES,
PEAinS DiViSin
Terry Miller, EmEEnC mAnAE,SAunDES Cun
Paul Mullen, EECuiVE DiEC,mEPLiAn AEA PLAnnin AEnC
L. Kenneth Polikov, Cun AnE,SAP Cun
John Rouse, DiEC f PAkS & PubLiCwkS, Ci f bnE
Je Schovanec, PE, S DESinEninEE, infASuCuE EPL,
mEPLiAn uiLiiES DiSiC, mAhA, nE
Tim Stuart, mAnAE, EAE mAhAChAmbE, AnSPAin DEVELPmEn &
PLiC ESEACh
Robert Stubbe, DiEC, PubLiC wkS,Ci f mAhA
Jim Suttle, mA, Ci f mAhA
Jerey L. Thompson, PE, CPESC,CFM, mAnAE f EninEEin SEViCES,Ci f PAPiLLin
Dustin Vaughan, LEAL CunSEL,ffiCE f SEn. DEb fiSChE
Warren Woods, mA, Ci f CESn
Boston
David Anderson, DEPu ChiEf EninEE,hihwA DESin, mASSD
Charles Button, ChiEf EninEE,mA wAE ESuCES Auhi
Glenn Cannon, P.E., AnSPAinEninEE, CAPE CD CmmiSSin
Patty Daley, EChniCAL SEViCESDiEC, CAPE CD CmmiSSin
Hope Davis, DiEC, DiViSin fCAPiAL ASSE mAnAEmEn, mA ffiCEf fACiLiiES mAinEnAnCE
Frank J. Fedele, ChiEf, PEAinSDiViSinnEw EnLAnD DiSiC, uS Am
CPS f EninEES
roundtableParticiPants
ASCE AmEiCAS infASuCuE CiSiS CAn wE CmE bACk fm hE bink? 16
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Jim Fitzgerald, S mAnAE,AnSPAin AnD infASuCuE,
bSn EDEVELPmEn Auhi
Tabitha Harkin, SPECiAL PJECSCDinA, CAPE CD CmmiSSin
Thomas J. Kinton, Jr.,CE AnD EECuiVE DiEC, mASSAChuSES
P Auhi
Dave Mallen, ChiEf EninEE,hihwA mAinEnAnCE, bSn PubLiC
wkS DEPAmEn
Joanne Massaro, CmmiSSinE,
PubLiC wkS DEPAmEn, Ci f bSn
Linda B. Monte, ChiEf, PEAinS& EuLA DiViSin, nh ALAniC
DiViSin, uS Am CPS f EninEES
Jerey Mullan, SECEA AnDCE, mASSD
Paul Niedzwiecki, EECuiVE DiEC,CAPE CD CmmiSSin
Adam C. Ploetz, AICP, DEPuDiEC, SuSAinAbLE DEVELPmEn
PAmS, 495/mEwES PAnEShiP
John Pourbaix , EECuiVE DiEC,
CnSuCin inDuSiES f mASSAChuSES
William Scully, DEPu DiSiC EninEE,uS Am CPS f EninEES
Stephen Silveira, ViCE PESiDEn,mL SAEiES, LLC
Jerey Simon, DiEC, ECVEAnD EinVESmEn ffiCE, CmmnwEALh
f mASSAChuSES
John Sullivan, ChiEf EninEE,EninEEin DiViSin, bSn wAE &
SEwE CmmiSSin
Thomas J. Tinlin, CmmiSSinE,AnSPAin DEPAmEn, Ci f bSn
Rich Zingarelli, ACin SAE hAADmiiAin ffiCE/nfiP CDinA, ffiCE
f fLD hA AD mAnAEmEn, mA DEPAmEn
f CnSEVAin AnD ECEAin
HoustonBill Callegari, ChAimAn, huSEf EPESEnAiVES
Jun Chang, P.E., DEPu DiEC,PubLiC uiLiiES, Ci f huSn, PubLiC
wkS & EninEEin DEPAmEn
Stephen C. Costello, P.E.,M.ASCE, CunCiL mEmbE, Ci f huSn
Maureen Crocker, EECuiVE DiEC,uLf CAS fEih AiL DiSiC
Charles O. Dean, P.E., PLAnninmAnAE, hAiS Cun, PubLiC
infASuCuE DEPAmEn
Adil Godiwalla, P.E., ASSiSAnDiEC f AViAin, DESin AnD
CnSuCin DiViSin, huSn
AiP SSEmS
George Greanias, PESiDEn &ChiEf EECuiVE ffiCE, mE
mEPLiAn AnSi Auhi
Rick Guerrero, CmmiSSinE,PLAnnin & nin, Ci f PASADEnA
David Harris, ASS DiViSin DiECf PubLiC wkS, Ci f bwnwD
Dan Hoyt, SuPEViSin EninEE,Ci f huSn, buEAu f PLLuin
CnL AnD PEVEnin
Bill Jumper, S EninEE, CJ EninEEShuSn, LLC
Peter Key, DiEC, hAiS CunLL AD Auhi
Je Moseley, PESiDEn AnD CE,EAE huSn PAnEShiP
Annise D. Parker, mA,Ci f huSn
Theresa Rodriguez,mAnAE, AnSPAin PLiC,
EAE huSn PAnEShiP
Valerie Ruda, CiP ADminiSA,miSSui Ci
John Saavedra, P.E., AD AnDbiDE EnEAL SuPEinEnDEn, hAiS
Cun PECinC 2
Michael D. Talbott, P.E.,M.ASCE, DiEC, hAiS CunfLD CnL DiSiC
SacramentoDale Bonner, SECEA, CALifniAbuSinESS AnSPAin huSin AEnC
Julia Burrows, mAnAin PAnE,VALLE ViSin, inCSEViLLE
Roberta Deering, SEni PLAnnE,Ci f SACAmEn, Cmmuni
DEVELPmEn DEPAmEn
Nathan Dietrich, DiSiC DiEC,ffiCE f CnESSwmAn DiS mASui
Jim Earp, EECuiVE DiEC, CALifniAALLiAnCE f JbS SACAmEn
Dave A. Gutierrez, ACin DEPuDiEC, CALifniA DEPAmEn f wAE
ESuCES, PubLiC SAfE & buSinESS
John V. Hummer, AEwA DiECnhEn CALifniA, miD PACifiC, u.S. D/
mAiimE ADminiSAin
Randy Iwasaki, EECuiVEDiEC, CnA CSA Cun
AnSPAin Auhi
Ellen Joslin Johnck , EECuiVEDiEC, bA PLAnnin CALiin
Ray Kerridge, Ci mAnAE,Ci f SEViLLE
Rick Land, P.E., M.ASCE,ChiEf EninEE & DEPu DiEC f
PJEC DELiVE, CALifniA DEPAmEn
f AnSPAin
Mathew Mahood, PESiDEn & CE,SACAmEn mE ChAmbE f CmmECE
Mike McKeever, EECuiVE DiEC,SAC (SACAmEn AEA CunCiL f
VEnmEnS)
Steve Miklos, CunCiL mEmbE,Ci f fLSm
Brian Moura, ASSiSAn Ci mAnAE,Ci f SAn CALS
Rob Roscoe, P.E., M.ASCE,EnEAL mAnAE, SACAmEn SububAn
wAE DiSiC
ASCE AmEiCAS infASuCuE CiSiS CAn wE CmE bACk fm hE bink? 17
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World Headquarters
1801AlexanderBellDrive
Reston,VA20191
800/548-2723
703/295-6491FAX
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101ConstitutionAvenue,NW
Suite375East
Washington,DC20001
202/789-7850
202/789-7859FAX
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