america’s road to revolution
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AMERICA’S ROAD TO REVOLUTION. Part 2: Acts Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party. HOW DOES ALL THIS START???. ENGLAND IN HEAVY DEBT French and Indian War Colonies very expensive to maintain King George III employs George Grenville to get $ from the colonies - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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AMERICA’S ROAD TO
REVOLUTIONPart 2: Acts
Boston MassacreBoston Tea Party
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HOW DOES ALL THIS START???• ENGLAND IN HEAVY DEBT
– French and Indian War– Colonies very expensive to maintain
• King George III employs George Grenville to get $ from the colonies– Doesn’t like colonists: “spoiled children”
• 2 GOALS -- Collect tax revenue -- Show colonies England still
boss
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King George III
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GEORGE GRENVILLE
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NAVAGATION ACTS - 1660NAVAGATION ACTS - 1660
► Require colonies to sell only to BritainRequire colonies to sell only to Britain Less markets = Less $ to be madeLess markets = Less $ to be made
► Require colonies to Require colonies to buy only from Britainbuy only from Britain Anything imported to America must come Anything imported to America must come
from from BritainBritain Goods cost more – “middleman”Goods cost more – “middleman”
► Originally passed in 1660 to control Originally passed in 1660 to control colonial colonial trade – not really enforced trade – not really enforced
► Salutary Neglect – Salutary Neglect – ► look the other waylook the other way
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COLONIAL RESPONSE TO COLONIAL RESPONSE TO NAVAGATION ACTSNAVAGATION ACTS
►Heavy SMUGGLING Heavy SMUGGLING Bring in goods illegallyBring in goods illegally Customs Officials BribedCustoms Officials Bribed No taxes on goods paid / collectedNo taxes on goods paid / collected
►Smuggling made Grenville FuriousSmuggling made Grenville Furious Used Navy Warships to catch Used Navy Warships to catch
smugglerssmugglers Sent Tax Collectors to every Port City Sent Tax Collectors to every Port City
to collect taxesto collect taxes
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PROCLAMATION LINE of 1763PROCLAMATION LINE of 1763
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Box 1: PROCLAMATION LINE of Box 1: PROCLAMATION LINE of 17631763
Forbids colonial settlement West of Forbids colonial settlement West of Appalachian MountainsAppalachian Mountains
Colonial governments can’t even survey Colonial governments can’t even survey landland
Cuts off fertile land & fur trade $Cuts off fertile land & fur trade $
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COLONISTS FURIOUS AT COLONISTS FURIOUS AT PROCLAMATIONPROCLAMATION
Fuels Nationalist FireFuels Nationalist Fire
Colonists defy England, Colonists defy England, move West move West anywaysanyways
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PROCLAMATION LINE of 1763PROCLAMATION LINE of 1763
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Box 2: SUGAR ACT -- 1764Box 2: SUGAR ACT -- 1764 Already a tax on Molasses, but so Already a tax on Molasses, but so
high it was ridiculous – no one high it was ridiculous – no one paid / enforced itpaid / enforced it
So So existing molasses tax (duty) cut existing molasses tax (duty) cut in in halfhalf Hope to end smugglingHope to end smuggling temptation temptation England will enforce this oneEngland will enforce this one
Also put new taxes on textiles, Also put new taxes on textiles, wineswines
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Colonists reaction to Sugar Colonists reaction to Sugar ActAct
Smuggling continuesSmuggling continues
Protested the lawProtested the law
Boycott British SugarBoycott British Sugar
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Box 3: STAMP ACT -- Box 3: STAMP ACT -- 17651765
Most hated of all “Acts”Most hated of all “Acts”
Revenue stamps needed to be Revenue stamps needed to be put on put on printed items bought printed items bought (prove you (prove you paid tax)paid tax)Paper materials & documents Paper materials & documents -- “Petty Purchases”-- “Petty Purchases”Newspapers, licenses, deeds, Newspapers, licenses, deeds, cards, dicecards, dice
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Stamp Act Stamps
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STAMP ACT Reaction-- 1765• Most hated because most direct and
noticeable tax• Goods cost more
• Leads to mass protests in colonies (Sons of Liberty)
• Stamps Stolen and Burned
• Boycott of British Goods (2 more)
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STAMP ACT PROTEST
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STAMP ACT PROTEST
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STAMP ACT PROTEST
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STAMP ACT PROTESTS -- 1766• SONS OF LIBERTY formed to protest
Stamp Act– Secret Society Led by Samuel Adams– Printed Newspaper articles, led marches,
organized demonstrations, burned stamps– Threatened Tax Collectors
• STAMP ACT CONGRESS– Sent letters to King demanding repeal of
Stamp and Sugar Act– “No Taxation Without Representation”
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Sons of Liberty Organized Protest Mob
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COLONIAL TERRORISMTAR and FEATHERING
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STAMP ACT REPEALED -- 1766STAMP ACT REPEALED -- 1766
England could not realistically England could not realistically enforce the Stamp Actenforce the Stamp Act
Colonial Boycott hurts English trade Colonial Boycott hurts English trade and profitsand profits
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Box 4: QUARTERING ACT -- 1765 Forced colonists to give British soldiers
housing and food
10,000 British soldiers (REDCOATS) in America Most supposed to be defending the frontier BUT… Lots stay in Eastern cities (Boston)
Colonists feel soldiers there to police them
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Colonists response to Quartering Act NY assembly refused to vote $ to
house soldiers
(Quartering Act required this)
Angry and More Protests Resentment and tensions grow
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Box 5: Declaratory Act - 1765Box 5: Declaratory Act - 1765
PARLIAMENT passes the DECLATORY ACTPARLIAMENT passes the DECLATORY ACT
Asserts Parliament’s total legal Asserts Parliament’s total legal right right to pass laws for the coloniesto pass laws for the colonies
COLONIST REACTION:COLONIST REACTION: Angry!!!Angry!!! Colonists Colonists think Parliament is Abusing think Parliament is Abusing
PowerPower
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Box 6: Townsend Revenue Box 6: Townsend Revenue Acts -- 1767Acts -- 1767
England tries again to England tries again to gaingain tax (duty) tax (duty) money on importsmoney on imports: : cloth, glass, paper, cloth, glass, paper, paint, teapaint, tea
Using Declaratory Acts as justificationUsing Declaratory Acts as justification
Tax Collectors have new powersTax Collectors have new powers:: Search homes and businesses for Search homes and businesses for
smugglingsmuggling Use “Writs of Assistance” – Broad, Use “Writs of Assistance” – Broad,
Generalized Warrants for searchesGeneralized Warrants for searches (Becomes motivation for 4(Becomes motivation for 4thth Amendment) Amendment)
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COLONIES PROTEST AGAINCOLONIES PROTEST AGAINSons of Liberty (SOL) Organize “Hanging” Sons of Liberty (SOL) Organize “Hanging”
DemonstrationDemonstration►Another Another BoycottBoycott – – Roving Boston gangs Roving Boston gangs
enforce itenforce it
--Threaten “Tory” (Loyal --Threaten “Tory” (Loyal British) MerchantsBritish) Merchants
►Patriot = IndependencePatriot = Independence T Tory = Loyal ory = Loyal to to BritishBritish
►Daughters of LibertyDaughters of Liberty Convince colonists not to buy British goodsConvince colonists not to buy British goods ““Drink Coffee”, “Homespun Clothes”Drink Coffee”, “Homespun Clothes”
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HANGING AT LIBERTY TREE
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DAUGHTERS OF LIBERTY
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THE BOSTON MASSACREMarch 5, 1770
• More protests in colonies = More soldiers
• Colonists and Soldiers rude to each other
TENSIONS BUILDING
• Crowd gathered outside British Courthouse – mob grew unruly
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ANALYTICAL WRITING ASSIGNMENT
• Get a blank piece of paper!• Look at the next two pictures of the Boston
Massacre and describe what is happening in each picture.
• • Consider both sides of the confrontation!!!
• Be as detailed as you can and note what feelings / impressions you get looking at each
• 2 minutes per picture
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BOSTON MASSACREPICTURE 1
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BOSTON MASSACREPICTURE 2
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BOSTON MASSACRE• Crowd provokes soldiers???
– Throw snowballs, mud, rocks– Crispus Attucks: “Sons of Liberty” Member
African
• Soldiers order “FIRE” into the crowd???• 5 shot dead – Attucks becomes martyr
• Soldiers just defending themselves???• Innocent citizens murdered???
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NEWSPAPER AD AFTER BOSTON MASSACRE
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BOSTON MASSACRE Famous Engraving by Paul Revere
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BOSTON MASSACRE LANDMARKS
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BOSTON MASSACRE GRAVE
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BOSTON MASSACRE AFTERMATHBOSTON MASSACRE AFTERMATH
Soldiers removed from Boston to city Soldiers removed from Boston to city outskirtsoutskirts
Soldiers put on trial – Defended by Soldiers put on trial – Defended by John John Adams (2Adams (2ndnd President) President)
Moment of Turning – Revolt InevitableMoment of Turning – Revolt Inevitable
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TOWNSEND ACTS REPEALED – April, 1770
Prevents Immediate boiling over in colonies
Left tax on Tea only – Parliament saving face again
Radical Colonists want total repeal Sugar Act, Quartering Act still there Nevertheless, Calmer period results
for 2 years
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UNTIL… 1772-1773
• GASPEE INCIDENT– British Ship Patrolling for Smugglers Runs Aground– Crowd Sneaks on Board, Removes Crew, Sets Fire to
Vessel– Commission can’t find Witnesses / Culprits
• “COMITTIEES OF CORRESONDANCE”– Sam Adams / Mercy Warren led in Boston – Keep
Fueling Fire– Write Lists of Rights and Grievances– Make Sure News is Circulated – Solidify Resistance
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BURNING OF THE GASPEE
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Box 7: TEA ACT -- 1773
Designed to Save the British East India Tea Company from Bankruptcy
Cutout American Merchants from selling British tea – (cut out the middle man)
Wrecks American Tea Trade
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Reaction: BOSTON TEA PARTY
November 30, 1773
• Patriots dressed as Mohawk Indians sneak aboard Tea Ship and S.O.L. Dump 342 Chests of Tea in to Boston Harbor
• Parties Unknown (Sam Adams, John Hancock)
• Majority of People in Colonies Not Impressed with Action
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BOSTON TEA PARTY
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Disguised as Mohawk Indians
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BOSTON HARBOR TODAY
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ENGLISH REACTION TO ENGLISH REACTION TO BOSTON TEA PARTYBOSTON TEA PARTY
England Fed Up – Need to Punish BostonEngland Fed Up – Need to Punish Boston
BOX 8: INTOLERABLE ACTS (Colonists) BOX 8: INTOLERABLE ACTS (Colonists) COERCIVE ACTS (British)COERCIVE ACTS (British) – 1774 – 1774
Acts to Punish BostonActs to Punish Boston Closed Boston Harbor to TradeClosed Boston Harbor to Trade and Traffic and Traffic Strip MA Gov’t of PowersStrip MA Gov’t of Powers Quebec Act makes much of Western Lands Part Quebec Act makes much of Western Lands Part
of Canada, Preventing Expansionof Canada, Preventing Expansion
Become Known as “Intolerable Acts”Become Known as “Intolerable Acts” Time for Colonies to do somethingTime for Colonies to do something
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MEETING CALLED IN PHILADELPHIA
• Committees of Correspondence Organize• Colonies resent England• Call a Continental Congress to discuss
independence
• George Washington would represent VA– “The crisis is arrived when we must assert our rights,
or submit to every imposition, till custom and use shall make us as tame and abject slaves, as the blacks we rule over with such arbitrary sway.” (total authority)