amides & imides. 1 ry amide 2 ry amide aliphatic aromatic urea sulphanilamide phthalimide amide...
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AMIDES & IMIDESAMIDES & IMIDES
C
O
R NH2 C
O
R NH R
NH
O
O
H2N S NH2
O
OC
O
H2N NH2
1ry amide 1ry amide 2ry amide
Aliphatic Aromatic Aromatic
Urea Sulphanilamide PhthalimideAmide Amide ImideImide
UreaUrea SulphanilamideSulphanilamide PhthalimidePhthalimide
Physical properties:Physical properties:
State
Color
Odor
Inflammability
Change in appearance
Change in odor
Color imparted to the flame
Residue
comment
Solid, granules. Solid, fine powder. Solid, fine powder.
White
Ignition test:Ignition test:
Inflammable, non luminous, non smoky
Ammonia odor
All characteristic odor
The compound is aliphatic
Inflammable, luminous, smoky
Melting then solidifying
Melting
No change
White residue No residue
The compounds are aromatic
Solubility:Solubility:
UreaUrea SulphanilamideSulphanilamide PhthalimidePhthalimideH2O
L.p.
Dil. HCl
10% NaOH
Na2CO3 test:
Comment:
Soluble
No change
─
In soluble
.: No effervescence
Soluble with warm
In soluble
In soluble
Neutral .: Weak acid.: Sulph. have amphoteric property
.: not true acid & not true base{{act as an acid & as base at the same time}}
Base testSoluble in Dil. HCl+ 2 drops 30% NaOH
no ppt
Acid testSoluble in 10% NaOH
+ 2 drops Conc. HCl
no ppt
BUT
- Soluble in Dil. HCl but not ppted by 30% NaOH- Soluble in 10% NaOH but not ppted by Conc. HCl
Preliminary test:Preliminary test:
UreaUrea SulphanilamideSulphanilamide PhthalimidePhthalimideSoda limeSoda lime
On cold:On cold:
On hot:On hot:
30% NaOH30% NaOH
On cold:On cold:
On hot:On hot:
FeClFeCl33
On cold:On cold:
On hot:On hot:
Conc. HConc. H22SOSO44
On cold:On cold:
On hot:On hot:
No reaction in all
No reaction in all
No reaction in all
No reaction in all
No reaction in all
No reaction in all
Ammonia odor in all
Ammonia odor in all
Specific test for Urea:Specific test for Urea:
1. Biuret reaction:1. Biuret reaction:
few gm urea until melt cooling white residue + 10%NaOH (( to dissolve it drop by drop)) shaking clear solution + 1 or 2 drop CuSO4 ((Cupper sulphate))
Purple color2. Oxalate formation test:2. Oxalate formation test:
Saturated solution of urea + Oxalic acid solution
white ppt of urea oxalate
3. Nitrate formation test:3. Nitrate formation test:
Saturated solution of urea + 2 drops Conc. HNO3 (( nitric acid))
white ppt of urea nitrate
Specific test for Sulphanilamide:Specific test for Sulphanilamide:
1.1. Amphoteric character:Amphoteric character:
2. Azo dye formation test:2. Azo dye formation test:
sulphanilamide + dil.HCl (until dissolve) + 1 drop of NaNO2 (sod. Nitrite solution) until faint pale yellow color(1)
{Diazonium salt formed}
It is unstable because that we must put it in ice, without ice it will decompose
few phenol + 10% NaOH (until phenol dissolved)
(2)
Add (1) on (2) gradually
((Azo – dye formation))Orange – red color or ppt
Specific test for Phthalimide:Specific test for Phthalimide:
Phthalimide + Phenol + 4 drops Conc. H2SO4 cool
pour in 10% NaOH in beaker heat until fussion
1. Phthalein test
Pink color
Phthalimide + resorcinol + 2-3 drops Conc. H2SO4 cool then pour in 10% NaOH in
heat until fussion beaker
2. Flourescein test
Green fluorescence + H2O
fluorescence
IRLocationLocation CommentComment
UreaUrea
SulphanilamideSulphanilamide
PhthalimidePhthalimide
1670 – 1640 cm -1
3500 – 3100 cm -1
C=O streatching band
C=O streatching band1670 – 1640 cm -1
3500 – 3100 cm -1
-NH streatching band
-NH streatching band
> 3000 cm -1 CH aromatic streatching band