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  • Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM
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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes 16.8 Enzyme Cofactors 1

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Page 1: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 16 Amino Acids, Proteins,

and Enzymes

16.8

Enzyme Cofactors

1

Page 2: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Function of Coenzymes

Cofactors

• assist enzymes in catalytic activity

• may be metal ions that are bonded to one of the amino acid side

chains or small organic molecules known as coenzymes

2

Page 3: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Metal Ions as Coenzymes

3

Page 4: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins

• are essential for normal health and growth

• are soluble in aqueous solutions due to the presence of −OH and −COOH groups

• act as cofactors for many enzymes

• are not stored in the body and are easily destroyed by heat, oxygen, and ultraviolet light

4

Page 5: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Water-Soluble Vitamins

5

Page 6: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

Vitamin C

• is required in collagen synthesis

• deficiency can lead to weakened connective tissue,

slow-healing wounds, and anemia

• is found in blueberries, citrus fruits, tomatoes, broccoli,

and red and green vegetables

6

Page 7: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins, including A, D, E, and K, are

• soluble in lipids, but not in aqueous solutions

• important in vision, bone formation, antioxidants,

and blood clotting

• stored in the body

7

Page 8: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

8

Page 9: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Vitamin A

The orange pigment in carrots is used to help synthesize

vitamin A in the body.

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin, stored in the body and

not eliminated.

9

Page 10: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check

Identify each compound as a water-soluble vitamin or

fat-soluble vitamin.

A. Folic acid

B. Retinol (vitamin A)

C. Vitamin C

D. Vitamin E

E. Niacin

10

Page 11: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution

Identify each compound as a water-soluble vitamin or

fat-soluble vitamin.

A. Folic acid water soluble

B. Retinol (vitamin A) fat soluble

C. Vitamin C water soluble

D. Vitamin E fat soluble

E. Niacin water soluble

11

Page 12: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check

Identify the vitamin associated with each:

Thiamin (B1) Vitamin A

Vitamin K Vitamin D

Ascorbic acid

A. collagen formation

B. absorption of phosphorus and calcium in bone

C. vision

D. blood clotting

12

Page 13: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution

Identify the vitamin associated with each:

Thiamin (B1) Vitamin A

Vitamin K Vitamin D

Ascorbic acid

A. collagen formation Ascorbic acid

B. absorption of phosphorus and calcium in bone

Vitamin D

C. vision Vitamin A

D. blood clotting Vitamin K

13

Page 14: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes - Wikispaces 16.8...Title Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Author Timberlake Created Date 4/26/2013 7:58:02 AM

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Amino Acids, Proteins,

and Enzymes Concept Map 14


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