amity goals reading

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Amity goals  1  Victory with no victims: Amity achievement goals Liat Levontin ABSTRACT In this thesis I propose to expand goal orientation theory. Goal orientation theory has developed within a social-cognitive framework and focuses on the goals that are  pursued or perceived by individuals in an achievement situation that result in different  patterns of cognition, affect, and behavior (Ames & Archer, 1988; Dweck & Leggett, 1988; Nicholls, 1984). The theory initially described two achievement goals: Mastery goal, the goal to develop competence by acquiring new skills and developing mastery in new situations; and performance goal, the goal to demonstrate competence or to avoid the demonstration of lack of competence by approaching positive judgments from others and avoiding negative ones. Several scholars have advocated that goal orientation is better conceptualized as a three factor construct. They provided theoretical explanations and empirical evidence that performance goals focused on  positive outcomes (approach motivation) have very different effects than performance goals focused on negative outcomes (avoidance motivation) and should thus be separated to performance-approach goals and performance-avoidance goals (Elliot & Church, 1997; Midgley et al., 1998; VandeWalle, 1997). Both the newer and the former conceptualizations of goal orientation theory relate to competence as the one most relevant need in achievement situations. In this work, I suggest that relatedness needs may be relevant as well.

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