© 2014 pearson education, inc. figure 21.1 the major respiratory organs in relation to surrounding...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
220 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.1 The major respiratory organs in relation to surrounding structures.
Nasal cavity
Nostril
Larynx
Trachea
Carina of trachea
Right main (primary) bronchusRightlung
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Left main (primary) bronchus
Left lung
Diaphragm
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.3b The upper respiratory tract.
Pharyngeal tonsil
Oropharynx
Cribriform plateof ethmoid bone
Sphenoid sinus
Posterior nasalaperture
Nasopharynx
Opening ofpharyngotympanic tube
Uvula
Palatine tonsilIsthmus of thefauces
Laryngopharynx
Esophagus
Trachea
Frontal sinus
Nasal cavityNasal conchae(superior, middle and inferior)
Nasal meatuses(superior, middle,and inferior)Nasal vestibule
Nostril
Hard palate
Soft palate
Tongue
Lingual tonsil
Hyoid boneLarynxEpiglottisVestibular foldThyroid cartilageVocal foldCricoid cartilage
Thyroid gland
Illustration
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.4a The larynx.
Body of hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Laryngeal prominence(Adam’s apple)
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricotracheal ligament
Epiglottis
Thyrohyoidmembrane
Cricoid cartilage
Tracheal cartilages
Anterior superficial view
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.4b The larynx.
Epiglottis
Thyrohyoidmembrane
Cuneiform cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Arytenoid muscles
Cricoid cartilage
Tracheal cartilages
Body of hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid membrane
Fatty pad
Vestibular fold(false vocal cord)
Thyroid cartilage
Vocal fold(true vocal cord)
Cricothyroid ligament
Cricotracheal ligament
Sagittal view; anterior surface to the right
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.4c The larynx.
Epiglottis
Hyoid bone
Thyroidcartilage
Lateralthyrohyoidmembrane
Corniculatecartilage
Arytenoidcartilage
Glottis
Cricoidcartilage
Trachealcartilages
Photograph of cartilaginous frameworkof the larynx, posterior view
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.5a Movements of the vocal folds.
Vestibular fold (false vocal cord)
Base of tongue
Epiglottis
Vocal fold (true vocal cord)
Glottis
Cuneiform cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Vocal folds in closed position; closed glottis
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.6a Tissue composition of the tracheal wall.
Esophagus
Trachealismuscle
Lumen oftrachea
Posterior
Mucosa
Submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
Adventitia
Seromucous glandin submucosa
Anterior
Cross section of the tracheaand esophagus
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.6b Tissue composition of the tracheal wall.
Goblet cell
• Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
• Lamina propria (connective tissue)
Mucosa
Submucosa
Hyaline cartilage
Seromucous glandIn submucosa
Photomicrograph of the trachealwall (320x)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.6c Tissue composition of the tracheal wall.
Scanning electron micrograph of cilia in thetrachea (2500x)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.7 Conducting zone passages.
Superior lobe of right lung
Middle lobeof right lung
Inferior lobeof right lung
Trachea
Superior lobeof left lung
Left main(primary)bronchus
Lobar (secondary)bronchus
Segmental (tertiary)bronchus
Inferior lobeof left lung
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.11 A cast of the bronchial tree.
Right lung Left lung
Left superiorlobe(4 segments)
Left inferiorlobe(5 segments)
Rightinferior lobe(5 segments)
Rightmiddlelobe (2segments)
Rightsuperiorlobe (3segments)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.8 Respiratory zone structures.
Alveolar duct
Respiratory bronchioles
Terminalbronchiole
Alveoli
Alveolar duct
Alveolar sac
Respiratorybronchiole
Alveolarduct
Alveoli
Alveolarsac
Alveolarpores
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.9a Alveoli and the respiratory membrane.
Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory bronchiole
Smoothmuscle
Elasticfibers
Alveolus
Capillaries
Diagrammatic view of capillary-alveoli relationships
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.9c Alveoli and the respiratory membrane.
Red bloodcell incapillary
Alveoli(gas-filledair spaces)
Type IIalveolarcell
Type Ialveolarcell
Capillary
MacrophageEndothelial cellnucleus
Respiratorymembrane
AlveolarepitheliumFused basementmembranes ofalveolarepithelium andcapillaryendotheliumCapillaryendothelium
Capillary
Alveolus
Nucleus of type Ialveolar cell
Alveolar pores
Red bloodcell
Alveolus
Detailed anatomy of the respiratory membrane
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.10a Anatomical relationships of organs in the thoracic cavity.
TracheaThymus
Apex of lung
Right inferior lobe
Horizontal fissure
Right superior lobe
Oblique fissure
Right middle lobe
Heart(in mediastinum)
Diaphragm
Base of lung
Intercostal muscleRib
Parietal pleuraPleural cavityVisceral pleura
Leftsuperior lobe
Obliquefissure
Left inferiorlobe
Cardiac notch
Anterior view. The lungs flank mediastinal structures laterally.
Lung
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 21.12 Intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressure relationships.
Atmospheric pressure (Patm)0 mm Hg (760 mm Hg)
Thoracic wall
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Pleural cavity
Transpulmonarypressure4 mm Hg(the differencebetween 0 mm Hgand −4 mm Hg)
Intrapleuralpressure (Pip)−4 mm Hg(756 mm Hg)
Intrapulmonarypressure (Ppul)0 mm Hg(760 mm Hg)
Diaphragm
Lung
0
– 4
top related