“ are we really what we eat? ” “ where does the ‘ stuff ’ that makes us come from? ”

“Are we really what we eat?”

“Where does the ‘stuff’ that makes us come from?”

-macromolecules

Compounds

•Inorganic: compound that does NOT have carbon

•Organic: compound that HAS carbon

Sources of Food

Autotrophs make their own food but.... We are heterotrophs so we need to get

our food from other organisms What are some autotrophs we eat? Other heterotrophs?

Why Do We Need To Eat Food?

Energy 8 characteristics

of living things “obtain energy and materials from other organisms”

Provide our bodies with materials to grow

So How Does a Cheeseburger Give Us Energy?

Digestion: Breaks food down into molecules that our bodies can use

Our Stars:

Carbohydrates

Lipids/ Fats

Proteins

Can you identify these macromolecul

es?

Carbohydrates

Function: Main source of energy for the body

Men’s World Record Marathon: 2h 03:38 Patrick Makau  Kenya 25 September 2011 Berlin

Women’s World Record Marathon: 2h15:25 Paula Radcliffe  United Kingdom 13 April 2003 London

Carbohydrates

Variety of Forms: Sugars

Glucose Fructose Lactose

Starch

Carbohydrates

Diet: Fruits Pastas

These sugars and starches are the carbs that give us energy

They are made up of many parts called monosaccharides (MONOMER)

Carbohydrate Examples

-Glucose: the main source of energy in the body. -Made from photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Examples:

-Glycogen: stored in liver and muscle cells, and is a secondary long-term energy storage (animals)

Carbohydrate Examples:

-Starch: a stored form of energy (plants)

Carbohydrate Examples:

-Cellulose: a chain of sugar molecules that gives the cell wall in plants their strength

Carbohydrates

Recap: Carbs like sugar (glucose) and starches are our main source of energy. These carbs are made up of smaller units called monosaccharides, and can be found in foods such as pasta and fruit.

Lipids/ Fats

A calorie is a unit of energy

When we eat more calories than we burn, the extra energy is stored as what?

Fat Function: lipids are

a way to store energy in the body

Variety of Forms Fats Oils Waxes

Lipids/ Fats

Lipids/ Fats

Diet: Oils (Olive Oil) Fats (animal fat)

Subunits: Lipids are made up of many parts called fatty acids (MONOMER).

Why one type is better for you.....

Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats

Saturated Fats: have no bends in their chains so they are solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated Fat: bends in chain make this a liquid at room temperature

Phospholipids: molecule that makes up the cell membrane

Steroids: a type of lipid (ex. cholesterol)

Recap: Lipids like fats, oils, and waxes are another source of energy. These lipids are made up of smaller units called fatty acids, and can be found in foods such as olive oil or butter.

Lipids/ Fats

Proteins

Functions: Form muscles Control reactions Help move substances into cells

Proteins

Variety of forms: Enzymes: control reactions Hormones hemoglobin

Proteins

Diet: Meats Nuts

Subunits: Proteins are made up of many parts called

amino acids.

Proteins

Recap: Proteins like enzymes, hemoglobin, and hormones help control reactions and create muscle. These proteins are made up of smaller units called amino acids, and can be found in foods such as meats and nuts.

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Nucleic Acids

Another type of macromolecule But this one does not come directly from

your diet Functions:

stores your genetic information Provides instructions for making new

cells

Nucleic Acids

Variety of Forms DNA RNA

Subunits: Nucleic acids are made up of many parts

called nucleotides.

Nucleic Acids

Recap: Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store genetic information. These nucleic acids are made up of smaller units called nucleotides.

Monomers vs. Polymers

Monomers: subunits Polymers: “many parts”; a string of

monomershttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgWgLioazSo