© david kachlík 30.9 - univerzita...

MASTICATORY MUSCLES

• n. V3 – n. MANDIBULARIS

• derivates of 1st pharyngeal arch

• m. temporalis

• m. masseter

• m. pterygoideus medialis

• m. pterygoideus lateralis© David Kachlík 30.9.2015

Lower jaw movements

• elevation (elevatio)

• depression (depressio)

• protraction / propulsion (protractio /

propulsio)

• retraction / retropulsion (retractio /

retropulsio)

• lateropulsion (lateropulsio)

m. temporalis

m. masseter

Jakub Štefela,Svaly hlavy a krku, 2012 9© David Kachlík 30.9.2015

m. pterygoideus

lateralis

m. pterygoideus medialis

m. pterygoideus

lateralis

m. pterygoideus medialis

Mandibular sling

• fibrous sling below angulus mandibulae

• connection of m. masseter and m.

pterygoideus medialis

FACIAL MUSCLES

• n. VII – n. FACIALIS

• derivates of 2nd pharyngeal arch

• muscles around the eye

• muscles around the nose

• muscles around the mouth

• muscles of the cranial vault

• muscles of the auricle

• m. buccinator© David Kachlík 30.9.2015

Muscles around the eye

• m. orbicularis oculi

• pars palpebralis

• pars profunda(former pars lacrimalis)

• pars orbitalis

• m. procerus

• m. corrugator supercilii

• m. depressor supercilii

Muslces around the nose

• m. nasalis

• pars alaris

• pars transversa

• m. depressor septi nasi© David Kachlík 30.9.2015

Muscles around the mouth

modiolus anguli oris

•m. orbicularis oris

• pars marginalis

• pars labialis

• m. levator labii superioris

• m. levator l.s. alaeque nasi

• m. depressor labii inferioris

• m. levator anguli oris

• m. depressor anguli oris

• m. zygomaticus major

• m. zygomaticus minor

• m. risorius

• m. mentalis

• m transversus menti© David Kachlík 30.9.2015

Modiolus anguli oris

• fibro-muscular node connecting the insertions of facial muscles

• serve as the „hub“ and forms a dimple on the cheek

Galea aponeurotica

Epicranial sponeurosis

• tough aponeurosis covering the vertex of skull

Scalpation

Subgalear hematoma

Muslces of the cranial vault

= m. epicranius

• m. occipitofrontalis

• venter frontalis

• venter occipitalis

• m. temporoparietalis

Galea aponeurotica =

Aponeurosis epicranialis

Muscles of the auricle

• m. auricularis anterior

• m. auricularis superior

• m. auricularis posterior

• rudimentary muscle of

auricle (7)

m. buccinator

Musculus buccinator

• ductus parotideus Stenoni

• corpus adiposum buccae Bichati

• lateral wall of oral cavity

• testing movements of n. facialis

Fasciae of head

• fascia temporalis

• fascia parotidea

• fascia masseterica

• fascia buccopharyngea

• lamina interpterygoidea

corpus adiposum buccae Bichati

Corpus adiposum buccae Bichati

continuous fibro-musuclar layer connecting the facial muscles andfilling spaces between and around them

Superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS)

Motor somite cranial nerves

• preotic myotomes (somitomeres) form the external

muscles of eyeball – n. III, IV, VI

• occipital somites from the muscles of tongue – n. XII© David Kachlík 30.9.2015

External muscles of eyeball

• mm. recti

– superior, inferior, medialis, lateralis

• mm. obliqui

– inferior, superior

• m. levator palpebrae superioris

• inervace: n. III, n. IV, n. VI

• smooth muscles: m. orbitalis Mülleri, m. tarsalis sup. Mülleri + inf.

External muscles of eyeball

Movements of eyeball

Anulus tendineus communis Zinni

inside:

• n. III

• n. VI• n. nasociliaris

• n. II + AO

outside:

• n. IV• n. frontalis

• n. lacrimalis

• v. ophthalmica superior

MUSLCES OF THE NECK

• corpus

• cornua majora

• cornua minora

Os hyoideum

39Jakub Štefela,Svaly hlavy a krku, 2012© David Kachlík 30.9.2015

Muscles of neck

• platysma – n. VII

• m. sternocleidomastoideus – n. XI + C2-4

• mm. infrahyoidei – ansa cervicalis profunda

• mm. suprahyoidei – V3, VII., C1

• mm. scaleni – nn. spinales (C1-C8)

• deep muscles of neck – nn. spinales (C1-C6)

Platysma

• superficial (skin) muscle

• external to lamina spf.

fasciae cervicalis

• absent in the midline

• insertion: pars labilais,

modiolaris et mandibularis

• n. VII (r. colli)

• function: skin tension

Krční řasa – Pterygium colli

Turners‘ sy

M. sternocleidomastoideus

• origin: 2 parts

– pars sternali et clavicularis

– fossa supraclavicularis minor

(projection of cupula pleurae)

• úpon: processus mastoideus

+ linea nuchalis superior

– n.XI + fibers from C2-4

– movements in articulatio

atlantooccipitalis

M. sternocleidomastoideus

function

bilateral:

1. posterior part –

retroflexion

2. anterior part –

anteflexion

unilateral:

1. lateroflexion to the

same side

2. rotation to the

opposite side

Musculi infrahyoidei

• m. sternohyoideus

• m. sternothyroideus

• m. thyrohyoideus – C1

• m. omohyoideus

– venter superior + inferior

• innervation: ansa cervicalis profunda C1-C3

• function: stabilization of larynx

Torticollis

Musculi suprahyoidei

derivates of 2nd pharyngeal arch – n. VII

• m. stylohyoideus

• m. digatricus – venter posterior

derivates of 1st pharyngeal arch – n. V3

• m. mylohyoideus

• m. digatricus – venter anterior

derivates of cervical somites:

• m. geniohyoideus – C1

• function: stabilization of larynx (phonation)

Musculi scaleni

• m. scalenus anterior – C4-6

• m. scalenus medius – C3-8

• m. scalenus posterior – C7-8

• fissura scalenorum

• skalenic syndrome

• anaeshetic block of plexus brachialis

Deep cervical muscles

• m. longus capitis – C1-3

• m. longus colli – C2-6

• m. rectus capitis anterior – C1

• m. rectus capitis lateralis – C1

• movements of head and cervical vertebral

column

Triangles of neck

• regio colli anterior

– trigonum submandibulare

– trigonum submentale

– trigonum caroticum Malgaignei

– trigonum omotracheale = musculare

• regio colli lateralis

– trigonum omoclaviculare

– trigonum omotrapezium

– fossa supraclavicularis minor

– fissura scalenorum

FASCIA CERVICALIS – 3 layers

• lamina

superficialis

• lamina

pretrachealis

– vagina

carotica

• lamina

prevertebralis

• spatium previscerale

• spatium paraviscerale

• spacium retroviscerale

continuous with:

• cranially: spatium parapharyngeum

spatium retropharyngeum

• caudally: spatium suprasternale

mediastinum superius

Spaces in neck

Septum styloideum („bunch of Riolan“)

muscular septum covered with fasciae

divides the cranial part of spatium parapharyngeum into the spatium prestyloidem + retrostyloideum

terminates appeoximately at the level of a line between the processus styloideus and cornu majus ossis hyoidei

• m. stylophyrangeus

• m. styloglossus

• m. stylohyoideus + lig. stylohyoideum

• venter posterior m. digastrici

© david kachlík 30.9 - univerzita...

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