how the classic civilizations of greece, rome, persia, india, and china developed. what type of...

CLASSIC CIVILIZATIONS AND THE RISE OF RELIGION

BIG IDEA How the classic civilizations of Greece,

Rome, Persia, India, and China developed. What type of advancements they had in areas such as technology and government.

The Birth of the major religions of today. How they spread and influenced societies.

MISCONCEPTIONS Some people think that classic

civilizations existed only in Europe ( Greece, Rome) This is not true

WORD WALL Empire Dynasty Democracy Diffusion

DEVELOPMENT OF MONOTHEISM Monotheism: Belief in one god Very gradual development to this idea.

People began to view forces of nature and life as being the result of various gods and goddesses

Mesopotamian cities had patron deities. EXAMPLE: Ur had Sin (god of the moon)

Egypt: pharaoh Akhenaton claimed to be a supreme god. (King Tut’s dad)

India: References to a single god in the Rig Veda book

Persia: Zoroastrian religion had Ahura Mazda as supreme god

Religions based off of Abraham…

JUDAISM

THE START, HEBREWS: 1800 BC People from Egypt and the Mesopotamia

regions Important people include Abraham,

Moses, and David The Hebrews did not view God in a

physical way so there are no drawings of him

They also believed him to be God of all people of earth not just themselves.

God = “Yahweh”

ABRAHAM Went on a

pilgrimage with the message that God spoke to him and that he should go to the “promised land”

EGYPT AND THE JEWS They moved to Egypt because of

drought. The Egyptians gave them places of

honor However, they were later forced into

slavery

MOSES Led the Jews out of Egypt On the way out of Egypt Moses was said

to have talked to Yahweh and received the…

Ten Commandments: Laws that become the basis for civil and religious laws in Judaism

MOSES TO ISRAEL When Moses died the people returned

to where Abraham was from in modern day Israel.

Eventually the Palestinian people started trying to take their land.

Kings like David and Solomon united the people against invasions

However, they ended up being taken over.

BASICS OF JUDAISM Yahweh has established a covenant of

protection with them. They also believe in Ethical Monotheism: Ten Commandments (No Overlord god)

Sacred writings are: Torah: The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)

They believe in a Messiah: savior sent by Yahweh to liberate them.

Judaism is the founding religion that leads to Christianity and Islam. They have ALOT in common that we will get to later.

FORMATIONS OF EMPIRES

EMPIRES Trade increased Trade routes were a common place for

robbers Civilizations started wanting control of

routes for safety and to charge taxes.

ASSYRIA Began around Mesopotamia They learned to fight after constantly

being attacked The ruler said he conquered 89 cities

and 820 villages, and ordered most of the inhabitants killed.

MILITARY Great at making Iron weapons like

spears, swords, arrows, and huge shields

They even built bridges during war using inflated animal skins and wood beams to cross the bridge.

CONT.

They dug beneath city walls to weaken them before war.

Each soldier was paid for the # of heads they collected.

One king claimed to have burned 3000 people to death

Invaded people were killed, enslaved, or made to live in the wild

THE EMPIRE FALLS The cruelty of the empire earned them

many enemies. They were so angry they burned down

the largest city in the world at the time in the empire called Nineveh (between 300,000-600,000)

All that is left is mounds today

RESTORED BABYLON

REBORN 600 BC New groups made Babylon the capital Nebuchadnezzar was their most

famous ruler

THE CITY Had hanging gardens The city wall was so thick that a 4 horse

chariot could ride on the top 300 ft tall Pyramid Observed the stars and began some of

the first studies of astronomy Persians take over

PERSIAN EMPIRE AROUND 600 BC

BEGINNING The empire was in modern day Iran They used the Assyrian style of military However, they used Tolerance and

Diplomacy They used their military to enforce the

law They also had a standardized medal

coin system to promote trade

FOUNDED BY KING CYRUS 600-529

Military genius Most famous for his kind leadership He accepted and allowed his

conquered people to practice their local beliefs

He had soldiers go in before a battle and keep people from looting and burning

CONT. Babylon opened their gates to him

when he invaded and no one died. He also gave the Jews back Jerusalem

and helped them rebuild their temples

He died in battle

AFTER CYRUS His son was not kind. He destroyed

Egyptian temples and banned their religion

When he died after only 8 years rebellions broke out

King Darius took over after being an elite royal guard

He spent the first years of his rule putting down revolts

KING DARIUS He was not able, however, to conquer the

Greeks He ruled like Cyrus with kindness and

tolerance He had spies checking on areas of the

empire. He made the Royal Road (over 1500

miles long!!) to unify the land He also divided the empire into provencies

determined by the homelands of the various people. They had their own laws with in the Persian Empire

RELIGION: ZOROASTRAINISM Founded by Zoroaster Says that people’s own choices

determine their fate Monotheistic worship of Ahura Mazda Avesta: Sacred writings These writings establish early beliefs in

heaven, hell and final judgement

INDIA

HINDUISM 1500 BC

BEGINNINGS Polytheistic religion dating back to the

Aryan Invasion Cannot be traced back to a single

founder. Vedas: collection of hymns and

religious ceremonies of the Hindus that were passed down orally and eventually written down

Religion is a way for you to free your soul from the disappointments, illusions, and mistakes of everyday existence.

BELIEFS The goal is to reach Moksha= perfect

understanding reincarnation : being reborn after

death in a different situation in life Karma : a persons actions on earth that

will determine how the soul will be reborn

Have three main gods: Brahma (creator), Vishnu (protector),

Shiva (destroyer)

CONT. Due to Karma there is a Caste System

= set social order. Where you are in society depends on

your behavior in your past life. Hinduism is primarily associated with

India

JAINISM Believe all things in

the universe have a soul and so you should not be violent.

THE MAURYA EMPIRE 321 BC Chandragupta Maurya: first ruler Began in the Ganges Valley Well organized Government with

Bureaucracy: arm of the government (CPS, FEMA, FBI, FDA, etc.), very nice roads

Secret Police with harsh punishments for broken rules

ASOKA 302-232 BC Grandson of C.M. After a successful war he converted to

Buddhism Renounced violence and led by moral

example Prosperous time with parks and

organization However, the empire fell apart after his

death

BUDDHISM

BEGINNINGS Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (530

BC) He was a noble in the mountains of

northern India

QUEST At 29 he left and explored the world and

decided to explore until he found wisdom or enlightenment.

He tried fasting and debating religious people but did not achieve enlightenment

After sitting under a fig tree for 49 days he became enlightened

He was then called Buddha meaning enlightened one.

BELIEFS During his enlightenment he decided on

4 Noble Truths: 1) Everything in life is suffering

and sorrow 2) Selfish desire causes suffering 3) The way to end suffering is to

end all desires 4) You must follow the eight fold

path to overcome desires and reach enlightenment.

CONT. You also had to follow the Eightfold

Path. This path was like a stairway you had to

make your way up to reach Nirvana (pure enlightenment and release from pain and suffering)

They follow many Hindu beliefs like reincarnation, non-violence, self-denial, to seek oneness with the “Great Word Soul”

However, rejects numerous gods and the caste system

THE SPREAD Traders would find out about the religion

and spread it to their homelands. This is how most religions spread. India remained mostly Hindu but there

are many believers in India.

GOLDEN AGE OF INDIA 300 AD Unified by Chandra Gupta I Controlled by regional leaders Came up with Arabic numerals Concept of zero Had a vaccine for smallpox 1,000 yrs

before Europe! Huge Hindu temples built Advancements in literature, astronomy,

medicine, and mathematics.

RECAP OF ADVANCEMENTS IN INDIA Astronomy: Earth is round Mathematics: modern #s, zero,

decimals, value of pi to 4 decimal places (Aryabhata)

Sophisticated medical guides and complex surgery including plastic surgery

3.1415

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Nn5uqE3C9w

Thoughts?

EMPIRE OF CHINA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylWORyToTo4

ZHOU DYNASTY (1027-256 BC) Mandate of Heaven : justifies royal

authority and establishes dynastic cycles

Nobles rule through feudalism

PHILOSOPHIES UNDER ZHOU Confucianism: Reform in society

including social order of family and government

Daoism: Philosophy established by Laozi that addresses order and harmony

Legalism: stressed punishment over rewards

CONFUCIUS- IDEAS TO TRY AND CREATE ORDER AND PEACE

CONFUCIANISM

BEGINNINGS

Was started by China’s most influential Scholar = Confucius

Believed that China should be organized into 5 basic relationships

1) Ruler and subject 5)Friend and Friend 2) Father and son 3) Husband and wife 4) Older Brother and younger Brother

CONT. “Do not do unto others what you would

not want others to do unto you” (Golden Rule)

Education can bring any man to become a gentlemen.

Wanted people to pass exams to work for the government (beauracracy)

DAOISM

It was a push to follow and understand nature

If we were more like the rest of nature, society would work together in harmony

LEGALISM

Believed in a efficient well working government

Reward citizens that do as they are told and punish those who don’t

Believed in controlling ideas They burned any document encouraging free

thinking or questioned the government.

YING YANG Showed the

balance of life

QIN DYNASTY (256-202 BC) A 13 yr old ruler took over after the

Zhou dynasty fell After ruling for 20 yrs he earned the

name Shi Huangdi “First emperor” Used legalism to unify China through

Autocracy Autocracy= where the ruler has

unlimited power

CONT. Centralized highway and irrigation

networks Ordered mass murder of Confucianism

scholars Built the Great Wall

THE GREAT WALL (STARTED IN 221 BC)

It is 1400 miles long Peasants were

forced to work on it, if they didn’t they were killed

HAN DYNASTY (202 BC – 9 AD) Centralized Government Complex Bureaucracy Civil service jobs Invention of paper Promotion of Confusionism

BELL RINGER Who started Confucianism? What does the Yin-Yang mean? What is the largest religion in the world? 2nd? Why is it hard to properly count the # of

followers of a religion in China?

CHINA TODAY Everyone take out their phone. Look at the stuff on your person. Raise

your hand with some of the locations that your stuff is made.

FOX CONN http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/mo

n-january-16-2012/fear-factory

CHILD EXPERIMENT WITH DEMOCRACY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYb_K

zlXk4A

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=giJNbTXYpE0