how would you write the name of the following compounds ◦ zn(oh) 2 ◦ naoh ◦ hcl ◦ mg(no 3 )...

How would you write the name of the following compounds◦ Zn(OH)2

◦ NaOH◦ HCl◦ Mg(NO3)2

What does an acid do to red litmus?What does an acid to do blue litmus?How can we tell the pH of a substance?

DO NOW!!

Ions – table of ions open in work book

Flame test

Review

The Lab

ACIDS:Hydrochloric acid – HClNitric acid – HNO3

Sulfuric acid – H2SO4

Ethanoic acid – CH3COOH

BASES:Sodium hydroxide – NaOHPotassium hydroxide – KOHCalcium hydroxide – Ca(OH)2

Ammonia – NH3

Everyday Life

ACIDS:Tartaric acidCitric acidDNACarbonic acid

BASES:Magnesium hydroxideLimestoneGarden limeBaking soda

Indicator COLOUR

In acidic solution

In neutral solution

In alkaline solution

Litmus Paper(red or blue)

Red stays redBlue turns red

Red stays redBlue stays blue

Red turns blueBlue stays blue

Universal Indicator

Red, orange, yellow

Green Blue, purple

(B FOR BLUE & BASIC)

Neutralisation

When an acidic solution is mixed with an alkaline solution a NEUTRALISATION reaction occurs

H+ ions in acid, react with OH- of the base forming water

H+ + OH- H2O

Neutralisation

HCl solution – mixed with NaOH

Some H+ reacted not all – solution still acidic

Complete neutralisation when all the H+ have reacted with OH-

FINAL SOLUTION WILL CONTAIN Na+ and Cl- ions – evaporation = NaCl crystals

Example:

In your lab group◦ At least 8 test tubes◦ Two beakers◦ Universal Indicator◦ Test tube rack

◦ Challenge: Create the best looking rainbow of pH using your acids (HCl) and base (NaOH)

◦ Use the neutralisation reaction

To Do:

Acid + Base = ???

What is an ionic compound?

When writing ionic formula does the metal change its name of the non-metal?

DO NOW!!

Acid + Base = ???? + ???? Write the salts formed from the following

reactions (word equation)◦ Sulfuric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide◦ Hydrochloric acid + Potassium Hydroxide◦ Nitric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide

◦ Write ionic formula for the salts produced

◦ ION QUIZ

DO NOW

ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER

e.g. hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide → sodium chloride + water

e.g. sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide → potassium sulfate + water

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

H2SO4 + KOH → K2SO4 + H202

Acid Formula Salts

Hydrochloric HCl Chlorides

Sulfuric H2SO4 Sulfates

Nitric HNO4 Nitrates

Ethanoic CH3COOH Ethanoates

1.Nitric acid + Sodium hydroxide

2.Sulfuric acid + Potassium hydroxide

3.Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium oxide

4.Ethanoic acid + Sodium hydroxide

Sodium nitrate

Potassium sulfate

Magnesium chloride

Sodium ethanoate

ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER

Question: What sorts of compounds act as bases in this case?

Answer: Metal oxides and metal hydroxides

MgOCuO

Fe2O3

ZnO

Mg(OH)2

Cu(OH)2

Ca(OH)2

NaOHKOH

(1) Hydrogen chloride + Magnesium oxide → Magnesium chloride + Water

(2) Nitric acid + Sodium hydroxide + → Sodium nitrate + Water

(3) Sulfuric acid + Calcium hydroxide → Calcium sulfate + Water

HCl + MgO → MgCl2 + H2O

HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + H2O

H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 → CaSO4 + H2O

2

2

1. Hydrochloric acid + Zinc oxide → Zinc chloride + water

2. Nitric acid + Copper oxide → Copper Nitrate + water

3. _____ + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium sulfate + water

4. Hydrochloric acid + Iron oxide → ___________ + water

1. Hydrochloric acid + Zinc oxide → Zinc chloride + water

2. Nitric acid + Copper oxide + → Zinc nitrate + water

3. Sulfuric Acid + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium sulfate + water

4. Hydrochloric acid + Iron oxide + → ___________ + water

HCl + Fe2O3 → FeCl3 + H2O

HCl + ZnO → ZnCl2 + H2O

H2SO4 + NaOH → Na2SO4 + H2O

HNO3 + CuO + → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O

Iron chloride

2

2

2

2 36

2

1. Antacid (“anti-acid”) tablets

• Stomach acid (HCl) causes heartburn

• “Quick-eze” contain a base, magnesium hydroxide - Mg(OH)2

• The base neutralises the stomach acid, relieving the symptoms of heartburn

Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium hydroxide → Magnesium chloride

+ water

2. Toothpaste and tooth decay

Bacteria on our teeth produce acids as part of their metabolism

The acid wears away the enamel on our teeth

Toothpaste is basic, this helps to neutralise the acid and prevent tooth decay

Past exam paper:

Epsom salt has the chemical formula MgSO4. It can be prepared by reacting an acid with magnesium hydroxide

a)Give the chemical name for MgSO4

b)Name the acid used in this reaction

c) Write the word equations for the preparation ofMgSO4

d)This reaction is described as a neutralisation reaction: Explain what is meant by neutralisation reaction

Past exam paper:Epsom salt has the chemical formula MgSO4. It can be prepared by reacting an acid with magnesium hydroxide

a)Give the chemical name for MgSO4

Magnesium sulfateb)Name the acid used in this reaction Sulfuric

acid

c) Write the word equations for the preparation of MgSO4

Magnesium hydroxide + sulfuric acid = magnesium sulfate + water

d)This reaction is described as a neutralisation reaction: Explain what is meant by neutralisation reaction

1. H+

2. red3. litmus4. atomic number5. ion6. metal

7. CO32-

8. NO3-

9. sulfate10. sulfuric acid

11. Sodium hydroxide 12. alkali13. base14. OH-

15. positive

16. CH3COOH

17. (NH4)2CO3

18. negative

19. HCO3-

20. Al2O3

Cl- O2- CO32- SO4

2- HCO3- OH-

Li+

Mg2+

Zn2+

Fe3+

NH4+

Ca2+

Cl- O2- CO32- SO4

2- HCO3- OH-

Li+ LiCl Li2O Li2CO3 Li2SO4LiHCO3 LiOH

Mg2+ MgCl2 MgO MgCO3 MgSO4Mg(HCO3)2 MgOH2

Zn2+ ZnCl2 ZnO ZnCO3 ZnSO4Zn(HCO3)2 Zn(OH)2

Fe3+ FeCl3 Fe2O3Fe2(CO3)3 Fe2(SO4)3 Fe(HCO3)3 Fe(OH)3

NH4+ NH4Cl

(NH4)2O (NH4)2CO3 (NH4)2SO4NH4HCO3 NH4OH

Ca2+ CaCl2 CaO CaCO3 CaSO4Ca(HCO3)2 Ca(OH)2

ACID + CARBONATE → SALT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE

ACID + REACTIVE METAL → SALT + HYDROGEN GAS

e.g. Hydrochloric acid + Calcium carbonate → Calcium chloride + water

+ carbon dioxide

e.g. Sulfuric acid + Magnesium → Magnesium sulfate + hydrogen

NB – This also occurs with BICARBONATES (Hydrogen carbonates)

1. Hydrochloric acid + Calcium carbonate → Calcium _____ + water + CO2

2. Nitric acid + Copper carbonate → Copper _____ + water + CO2

3. Sulfuric acid + Sodium carbonate → Sodium _____ + water + CO2

4. Ethanoic acid + Zinc carbonate → Zinc _____ + water + CO2

Below is an example of what? Blue is for.... Red is for...

Acid + Carbonate --

Write the colour changes when copper carbonate was heated.

To Do:

Exam question in the past

Heat Copper carbonate in a test tube Heat till colour change Add Sulfuric Acid (up to first article) Filter Solution we will leave to evaporate so put in

evaporation dish

Clean Up

Heating Carbonates

Baking powder

This contains baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) and anacid (usually tartaric acid) in powder form.

When the baking powder is added to water, the baking soda andthe acid react, producing CO2 gas and making the cake rise!

Fizzy tablets – like Berocca

These contain an acid and a carbonate in powder form

When the tablet gets wet, the acid and carbonatereact together to form CO2 – the fizzy bubbles

Limestone caves:

Limestone is composed ofcalcium carbonate

Caves form when acidic rainwaterdissolves the limestone, formingcracks and fissures

The limestone reappearsunderground as stalactites andstalagmites

Acid + Carbonate demo Equations from the experiments(EVERYONE NEEDS TO GET!!)

Mark using marking sheet

Once finished: Mind map of atoms and acids and bases topic

Team Quiz

Today: