بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. male reproductive system
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TESTIS(A) Stroma: 1- Tunica vaginalis.2- Tunica albuginea.3- Tunica vasculosa.4- Septa.5- Interstitial tissue.(B) Parenchyma:1- Seminiferous tubules.2- Interstitial cells of Leydig.
TUNICA VAGINALIS
• It is the visceral layer of serous sac.
• It is formed of mesothelial cells.
• It is found in the anterior & lateral surfaces
of the testis.
TUNICA VASCULOSA
• It is formed of loose vascular C.T.
• Lininig The Tunica albuginea
• And surrounding the septa.
SEPTA OF THE TESTIS
• Dense irregular collagenous C.T.
• Incomplete non-branching septa.
• Radiate from mediastinum testis.
• Divide the testis into about 250 intercommunicating compartments
)testicular lobules= lobuli testis(.
INTERSTITIAL TISSUE
• Loose vascular C.T. in between the
seminiferous tubules.
• Contents:
1- Loose vascular C.T. )mention(.
2- Interstitial cells of Leydig.
INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF LEYDIG(L/M)
Are rounded or polygonal.Are found singly or in groups.Nucleus: Central, rounded, vesicular With prominent nucleolus. Some cells are binucleated.Cytoplasm: Pale, acidophilic & vacuolated.
INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF LEYDIG(E/M)
Abundant sER.Mitochondria: Numerous, With tubular cristae.Numerous lipid droplets.Some rER.Crystals of Reinke.
FUNCTION:Secrete testosterone.
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES• 1-4 seminiferous tubules in each testicular lobule.• Each is lined with seminiferous epithelium.• Seminiferous epithelium contains 2 types of cells:1- Spermatogenic cells )are germ cells(.2- Sertoli cells )are somatic cells(.• Each is surrounded by: 1- Basement membrane. 2- Tunica propria: C.T. layer )collagen fibers + fibroblasts( which contains 1-2 layers of Myoid cells. Myoid cells are not found in man.
SERTOLI CELL (L/M)
Are tall columnar cells )or pyramidal cells(.Have ill-defined lateral cell boundaries.“ “ “ apex.Nucleus: Basal, Vesicular, Irregular )why? Infoldings(, With prominent nucleolus.Cytoplasm: Pale basophilic.
SERTOLI CELLS (E/M)
sER: ++++rER: limitedGolgi apparatus: well-developedMitochondria: NumerousLysosomes: NumerousCytoskeletal elements: AbundantCrystalloids of Charcott-BoettcherOccluding junctions )Zonula type(
SERTOLI CELLSFunctions:
1- Support & Nutrition of spermatogenic cells.
2- Phagocytosis.
3- Secretion: Testicular fluid,
ABP,
Inhibin H.
4- Formation of blood-testis barrier.
BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER
• It is composed by attachment of processes of the lateral borders of adjacent Sertoli cells by zonula occluding (tight) junctions.
• It divides spermatogenic cells into 2 compartments:
1- Basal compartment: contains spermatogonia.
2- Adluminal compartment: contains the other spermatogenic cells.• Function: 1- It prevents autoimmune infertility. 2- It protects spermatocytes from drugs and toxic materials.
SPERMATOGENIC CELLS• )1( Spermatogonia:
- Type A Spermatogonia:
Dark type A
Pale type A
- Type B Spermatogonia.• )2( 1ry Spermatocytes.• )3( 2ry Spermatocytes.• )4( Spermatids: early & late.• )5( Spermatozoa.
SPERMIOGENESIS• Definition: Transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa.• Features: 1- Formation of acrosome. 2- Nucleus: Condensation, elongation, slight flattening, acrosomal cap )head cap(. 3- Development of flagellum. 4- Formation of mitochondrial sheath. 5- Loss of much cytoplasm: Cytoplasmic residual bodies→ Are phagocytosed by Sertoli cells.
INTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS
1- Tubuli recti.
2- Rete testis.
3- Ductuli efferentes )Vasa efferentia(.
TUBULI RECTI
• Epithelium:
Initial segment: Sertoli-like cells.
Distal segment: simple cuboidal epith.
DUCTULI EFFERENTES
• No: 10-20.
• Structure:
1- Epithelium: Patches of simple cuboidal cells )Absorptive(
alternating with regions of
ciliated columnar cells.
2- C.T. layer with few circularly-arranged SMFs.
EXTRATESTICULAR GENITAL DUCTS
1- Ductus epididymis.
2- “ deferens )Vas deferens(.
3- Ejaculatory duct.
EPIDIDYMIS(DUCTUS EPIDIDYMIS)
• Head + Body + Tail.• Structure:)1( Epithelium: Ps. Str. Col. E. with stereocilia. )E/M of stereocilia: Long, branched, non-motile microvilli(.)2( Basal lamina.)3( Loose C.T.)4( Layer of circularly-arranged SMFs.
DUCTUS DEFERENS(VAS DEFERENS)
)1( Epithelium: Ps. Str. Col. E with stereocilia)2( Basal lamina.)3( Loose C.T. )Loose fibroelastic C.T.(. N.B. Lumen is irregular- why? Mucosa has longitudinal folds.
)4( Thick smooth muscle coat ) 3 layers(: Inner longitudinal muscle layer. Middle circular “ “ . Outer longitudinal “ “ .)5( Adventitia: Loose fibroelastic C.T. N.B. Ampulla has highly folded, thickened epithelium.
EJACULATORY DUCT
)1( Epithelium:
Simple columnar epithelium.
)2( Subepithelial C.T.: is folded.
N.B. No smooth muscle in its wall.
ACCESSORY GENITAL GLANDS
1- Seminal vesicles )one pair(.
2- Prostate.
3- Bulbourethral glands ) one pair(.
SEMINAL VESICLE
)1( Mucosa: is highly convoluted. -Epithelium: Ps. Str. Col. E. -Subepith. C.T.: Fibroelastic C.T.)2( Muscle coat: -Inner circular layer. -Outer longitudinal layer.)3( Adventitia: Fibroelastic C.T. N.B. Seminal fluid produced by seminal vesicles: -Is fructose-rich fluid. -Is viscous fluid. -Is pale yellow ) due to lipochrome pigments(. -Represent 70% of the semen )ejaculate(.
PROSTATE
)Main Zone(
)Submucosal Zone(
)Mucosal Zone(
*
**
Most benign prostatic hyperplasia*Major site of prostatic cancer**
PROSTATE
*It is formed of 30-50 compound tubuloalveolar glands, which are arranged in 3 discrete,
concentric layers )zones(: 1- Mucosal glands. 2- Submucosal glands. 3- Main glands.It secretes: serous, white fluid rich in:1- Acid phosphatase.2- Proteolytic enzymes.3- Citric acid.4- Fibrinolysin.
PROSTATE
L/M:
(A)Stroma:
1- Capsule: )thin fibromuscular capsule(:
Dense irregular collagenous C.T.+ SMFs.
2- Septa: )Indistinct in adult men(:
Are thick complete fibromuscular septa.
3- Stroma in between acini: )fibromuscular stroma(: Richly vascular Dense irregular collagenous C.T.+ SMFs.
PROSTATEL/M:
(B) Parenchyma:
1- Prostatic acini:
- Lining: Simple Col. or Ps. Str. Col. E.
- Prostatic concretions.
2- Duct system.
PROSTATIC CONCRETIONS (CORPORA AMYLACEA)
• Spherical or oval bodies of glycoproteins in the lumen of some prostatic acini.
• Often are calcified.
• Their No. increases with aging.
BULBOURETHERAL GLANDS(COWPER’S GLANDS)
)1( Capsule: Fibroelastic C.T.+ SMFs+ Sk.MFs.)2( Septa: “” “” “” “” . Septa divide each gland into lobules.)3( Epithelium: Mucus-secreting simple cuboidal epith. or simple columnar epith.N.B. They are compound tubuloalveolar glands. They empty into the membranous urethra.
PENIS• Two corpora cavernosa.• One corpus spongiosum.• Glans penis.• Prepuce: is lined with mucous membrane. )Epith.: moist str. Sq. non-ker. E.(.• Erectile tissue of penis: Numerous vascular spaces )variably-shaped(
separated by trabeculae of C.T.& SMFs.
TESTIS
1- Tunica albuginea Mediastinum testis2- Incomplete septa3- Tunica vaginalis4- Testicular lobules: Seminiferous tubules )No.: 1-4/lobule( Loose vascular C.T. )Interstitial Tissue( With interstitial cells )Leydig cells(
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