notice these slides are provided to augment the lectures presented in dr. hatley’s history...

NOTICE NOTICE These slides are provided to These slides are provided to

augment the lectures presented in augment the lectures presented in Dr. Hatley’s History 2493-US Since Dr. Hatley’s History 2493-US Since 1877 course. If you miss class, you 1877 course. If you miss class, you should not assume that merely should not assume that merely perusing these will provide you with perusing these will provide you with sufficient information to do well on sufficient information to do well on examinations.examinations.

Aftermath of the Spanish-Aftermath of the Spanish-American War (1898) American War (1898)

The war of the United States The war of the United States with Spain was very brief. Its with Spain was very brief. Its results were many, startling, results were many, startling,

and of world-wide meaning. and of world-wide meaning. ――US Senator US Senator

Henry Cabot LodgeHenry Cabot Lodge

Philippine IslandsPhilippine IslandsWilliam McKinley decided to William McKinley decided to

keep the Philippines, “in order keep the Philippines, “in order to uplift and civilize, and to uplift and civilize, and Christianize” the Filipinos Christianize” the Filipinos

US acquired the Philippines, US acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam and Puerto Rico, and Guam and paid Spain $20,000,000.paid Spain $20,000,000.

Philippine War or Philippine War or Insurrection (1899-1902)Insurrection (1899-1902)

Emilio Emilio Aguinaldo Aguinaldo (1869-1964)(1869-1964)

Guerrilla Guerrilla warfare warfare

4,374 4,374 Americans diedAmericans died

CubaCubaPlatt Amendment (1901)Platt Amendment (1901)Created an independent Cuban Created an independent Cuban

governmentgovernmentCuba forbidden to incur debts Cuba forbidden to incur debts

that it could not paythat it could not payCuba could not make treaties Cuba could not make treaties

with other countries that could with other countries that could undermine its independenceundermine its independence

CubaCuba

US would lease US would lease a 28,000 acre a 28,000 acre Naval base at Naval base at Guantánamo, Guantánamo, BayBay

CubaCuba

US could intervene to US could intervene to protect Cuban protect Cuban independenceindependence

US acquired other US acquired other possessions in the Pacificpossessions in the Pacific

The US Becomes a World PowerThe US Becomes a World Power

Alfred Thayer Alfred Thayer Mahan Mahan (1840-1914)(1840-1914)

The Influence of The Influence of Sea Power Upon Sea Power Upon History, 1660-History, 1660-17831783 (1890) (1890)

The US Becomes a World PowerThe US Becomes a World Power

The United States became a The United States became a major player in world affairs major player in world affairs and increasingly involved in and increasingly involved in

Latin America Latin America

ChinaChinaSino-Japanese War (1894-Sino-Japanese War (1894-

1895)1895)Formosa (Taiwan)Formosa (Taiwan)““spheres of influence”spheres of influence”US had its own interests in US had its own interests in

China:China:railroad investmentrailroad investment

ChinaChina

Fear of growing Japanese Fear of growing Japanese influenceinfluence

American emotional American emotional investmentinvestment

ChinaChinaSecretary of State

John M. HayInitiated the

“Open Door Policy”

ChinaChinaPeking Peking

(Beijing)(Beijing)Boxer Boxer

Rebellion Rebellion (1899-1900)(1899-1900)

ChinaChina

The Society of the The Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Righteous and Harmonious FistsFists

Boxers were anti-foreign Boxers were anti-foreign and anti-Christianand anti-Christian

ChinaChina

Farthing Farthing family, family, English English missionaries missionaries murdered by murdered by Boxers Boxers (1900)(1900)

ChinaChina

Peking in 1900Peking in 1900

US troops enter the Forbidden US troops enter the Forbidden City (1900) City (1900)

Peace Protocol of Peking Peace Protocol of Peking (1900) (1900)

ChinaChinaChina had to pay the coalition China had to pay the coalition

nations $333,000,000 in nations $333,000,000 in reparations (Russia got most of reparations (Russia got most of it).it).

Most of the US share, Most of the US share, $25,000,000, was later returned to $25,000,000, was later returned to China with the understanding that China with the understanding that it be used to educate Chinese it be used to educate Chinese students in the USstudents in the US

The Panama CanalThe Panama CanalIsthmian canalIsthmian canalWhy a Canal? Why a Canal? trade stimulustrade stimulusStrategic Strategic

concerns (naval concerns (naval and military)and military)

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

Battleship USS Battleship USS OregonOregon made made the two-month and 14,000-mile the two-month and 14,000-mile

voyage from Bremerton, voyage from Bremerton, Washington to Cuba (1898)Washington to Cuba (1898)

The Panama CanalThe Panama CanalThree obstacles to US Three obstacles to US

acquisition of an isthmian acquisition of an isthmian canal:canal:

La belle FranceLa belle France

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

Ferdinand de Ferdinand de Lesseps (1805-Lesseps (1805-1894)1894)

Suez Canal Suez Canal (1859-1869)(1859-1869)

The Panama CanalThe Panama CanalFrench were hampered by:French were hampered by:cholera, diphtheria, malaria, cholera, diphtheria, malaria,

small pox, tuberculosis, and small pox, tuberculosis, and yellow fever; over 20,000 yellow fever; over 20,000 French diedFrench died

antsantsantiquated equipmentantiquated equipmentpoor financingpoor financing

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

Great BritainGreat BritainClayton-Bulwer Treaty Clayton-Bulwer Treaty

(1850)(1850)

The Panama CanalThe Panama CanalNeither nation would gain Neither nation would gain

exclusive rights from Colombia exclusive rights from Colombia to build a canal; mutual to build a canal; mutual controlcontrol

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901)Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901)equal passage for all nationsequal passage for all nations

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

ColombiaColombiaPanama was a reluctant Panama was a reluctant

provinciaprovincia of Colombia of Colombia

The Panama CanalThe Panama CanalHay-HerrHay-Herráán Treaty (1903)n Treaty (1903)Strip of land six miles wideStrip of land six miles wide$10,000,000 $10,000,000 in goldin gold up front up front$250,000 annual rental fee$250,000 annual rental feeColombian Senate demanded Colombian Senate demanded

$25,000,000$25,000,000

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

With US support, With US support, Panamanians Panamanians revolted on revolted on 3 November 3 November 19031903

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

Dr. Manuel Dr. Manuel Amador Amador Guerrero (1833-Guerrero (1833-1909) (1904-1909) (1904-1908)1908)

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

República de PanamáRepública de PanamáHay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)(1903)

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal The treaty was the same as The treaty was the same as that offered Colombia, that offered Colombia, except that the US got a except that the US got a strip of land ten miles widestrip of land ten miles wide

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal$10,000,000 $10,000,000

up frontup front$250,000 $250,000

annual rental annual rental fee (annuity)fee (annuity)

Opened 14 Opened 14 August 1914August 1914

The Panama CanalThe Panama Canal

Tremendous economic boom Tremendous economic boom for Panamafor Panama

Carter-Torrijos Treaty (1978)Carter-Torrijos Treaty (1978)Canal would come under Canal would come under

Panamanian control at noon Panamanian control at noon on 31 December 1999on 31 December 1999

MexicoMexico

Porfirio Porfirio Díaz (1830-Díaz (1830-1915) 1915) (r.1876-(r.1876-1911)1911)

MexicoMexico

Francisco Francisco Madero Madero (1873-1913) (1873-1913) (r.1911-(r.1911-1913)1913)

MexicoMexico

General General Victoriano Victoriano Huerta Huerta (1854-1916) (1854-1916) (r.1913-(r.1913-1914)1914)

MexicoMexico

US President US President Woodrow Woodrow Wilson (1856-Wilson (1856-1924) (1913-1924) (1913-1921)1921)

MexicoMexico

Venustiano Venustiano Carranza Carranza (Constitutionalis(Constitutionalist) (1859-1920) t) (1859-1920) (1915-1920)(1915-1920)

Tampico Incident (1914)Tampico Incident (1914)

USS USS DolphinDolphin

Tampico (1914)Tampico (1914)

MexicoMexico

US troops US troops invaded and invaded and blockaded blockaded Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico’s principal Mexico’s principal port cityport city

US troops enter Veracruz (April 1914)US troops enter Veracruz (April 1914)

MexicoMexicoFrancisco Francisco

“Pancho” Villa “Pancho” Villa (Doroteo (Doroteo Arango) Arango) (1878?-1923)(1878?-1923)

Commanded Commanded the the Division Division del Nortedel Norte

MexicoMexico

Villa removed sixteen Villa removed sixteen American mining engineers American mining engineers from a train at Santa Isabel from a train at Santa Isabel and executed them (January and executed them (January

1916)1916)

Villa attacked Columbus, New Villa attacked Columbus, New Mexico and killed fourteen US Mexico and killed fourteen US

soldiers and ten civilians (March soldiers and ten civilians (March 1916)1916)

MexicoMexicoThe Punitive The Punitive

ExpeditionExpeditionBG John BG John

Joseph Joseph Pershing Pershing (1860-1948)(1860-1948)

MexicoMexico

First Lieutenant First Lieutenant George S. Patton George S. Patton Jr. (1885-1945)Jr. (1885-1945)

Patton while a Patton while a cadet at West cadet at West

Point Point

12,000 US soldiers entered 12,000 US soldiers entered Mexico to find Villa (March 1916)Mexico to find Villa (March 1916)

Santa Maria River near Valle (1916)Santa Maria River near Valle (1916)

MexicoMexicoUS troops traveled US troops traveled

416 miles 416 miles southwardsouthward

Villa was never Villa was never foundfound

Wilson ordered the Wilson ordered the Expedition home Expedition home (February 1917)(February 1917)

MexicoMexicoWas the operation a Was the operation a

complete failure?complete failure?US soldiers killed most of US soldiers killed most of

Villa’s “Generals,” including Villa’s “Generals,” including those closest to himthose closest to him

Villa lost his support among Villa lost his support among the Mexican peoplethe Mexican people

MexicoMexicoIn early 1917, Venustiano In early 1917, Venustiano

Carranza promulgated a new Carranza promulgated a new democraticdemocratic constitution and constitution and was elected presidentwas elected president

What became of Pancho What became of Pancho Villa?Villa?

MexicoMexico In 1920, In 1920,

Carranza’s Carranza’s successor, successor, Álvaro Álvaro Obregón,Obregón, gave gave Villa a villa in Villa a villa in central Mexico central Mexico

MexicoMexico

Villa was Villa was murdered in murdered in 1923 after he 1923 after he spoke of spoke of running for running for presidentpresident