“ report by group 4” members: jeovita v. villagracia mary tony rabanal ruth fernando aleli may...

“REPORT BY GROUP 4”

MEMBERS:JEOVITA V. VILLAGRACIAMARY TONY RABANAL RUTH FERNANDO ALELI MAY FAUSTINOJEAN PAULA RODOLFOKIRK WALTER TORRES

‘’SUPPLY INFORMATION’’

DEFINITION, SCOPE, TYPES and IMPORTANCE

By: JEOVITA V. VILLAGRACIA

Information, is the most restricted technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message.

ScopeAn information system is a way of referring to any combination of human beings and information technology (computers, smart phones, etc),

2 Types of Information

Internal Information External Information

INTERNAL INFORMATION-

Information that is collected, generated, or consumed within an organization.

1. Financial Information2. Personnel Information3. Purchasing

Information4. Marketing Information5. Sales Information6. Manufacturing

Information7. Administration

Information

Financial information

Personnel Information > held by the company on their employees.

Purchasing Information > department who are involved with buying all of the products needed to run your business.

Marketing Information >to identify what products or services offered by the business are most successful.

Sales Information> products or services offered by your company.

Manufacturing Information- is information about the cost of manufacturing goods within the company.

EXTERNAL INFORMATION

collected from or created for individuals and groups external to an organization

1. Government2. Commercially

Provided Information3. Trade Groupings4. Television & Radio

Media5. Online Information

Governmentdefinitely coming from a reliable source as this is the governing body that the business operates within.

Commercially Provided Info.

> to help them make the correct business decisions.

Trade Groupings a group of business that operate within the same sector and not within the same location.

Television and Radio MediaThis source of business information is perhaps the least helpful of the various external sources available to small business owners.

Online Informationthe Internet is beginning to turn the Web

ImportanceInformation are important because they help organisations have easier work in things like monitoring employees, sending information or coordinating activities in the work place..

BUSINESS LETTERCASE STUDY ACCOUNTABILITY AND AUDIT

REPORT BY MARY TONY RABANAL

Business letter

A business letter is usually a letter from one company to another, or between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties.

Types of Business LettersInquiry Letters

Special Request Letters

Sales Letters

Customer Relations Letters

oFollow-up Letters

oComplaint Letters

oAdjustment Letters

oRefusal of Credit Letters

Parts of a Business Letter

The Heading or LetterheadDateThe Inside Address The Greeting

The Subject Line (optional)The Body ParagraphsThe Complimentary CloseSignature and Writer’s identification

Initials, Enclosures, Copies

Business Letter Spacing

The Importance and purpose of business letters

We write business letters to persuade any of the stakeholders by trying to convince through logic. 

Business letters play a very vital role in business proposals being accepted or rejected. 

The main reason for using business letters for acceptance and rejection of proposals is that it becomes solid evidence and any party later on can claim any other party against the breach of a said contract.

Accountability and audit

Accountability and audit have taken centre stage as business processes have come under growing scrutiny.

In ethics and governance,

 accountability is answerability, blameworthiness, liability, and the expectation of account-giving.“Being called to account

for one's actions”.

4 Pillars of accountabilityResponsibility

Answerability

Trustworthiness

Liability

The general definition of an audit is a planned and documented activity performed by qualified personnel.

THE BOARD’S ROLE

SELECTION, APPOINTMENT, RESIGNATION, DISMISSAL

REPORT BY: RUTH FERNANDO

The role and duties of the board of directors

Any public and private company needs to have a board of directors

Expected to give a direction to the company

The term ethical and normative rules as the board of directors

Responsible taken by the company

“the buck stops with them and hence they are the final authority as far as the company is concerned.

Answerable to the shareholders and the regulators

Coherent approach towards managing the company

The relationship between the board of directors and the management

Cannot be described as just being

-The board oversees the decision taken by the management -ratifies them along with acting

Being symbiotic to each other serving in an ecosystem called the organization

Role played by institutional investors or directors from large equity houses and mutual fund companies

Somewhat strained whenever the company is not doing well

STOCKHOLDER’S RIGHTS AND PROTECTION OF MINORITY INTERESTS

VOTING RIGHTSPRE- EMPTIVE RIGHTS

REPORT BY: ALELI MAY FAUSTINO

THE SIX CRITERIA BY YOUNG AND TILLEY:

1. Eco-efficiency -is increasingly becoming a key requirement for success in business.

2. Socio-efficiency 3. Eco-effectiveness -Cradle to Cradle Design's strategy for the use of intelligent and healthy materials,

designing human industry that is safe, profitable, and regenerative, while producing economic, ecological, and social value.

4. Socio-effectiveness-5. Sufficiency6. Ecological equity

Given Friedman’s injunction that the social responsibility of business is to make profits, if it can be shown that being socially responsible brings in profits, there can be no better business case for CSR.

Friedman’s article though cited widely might be a bit anachronistic for the imperatives of the 21st century and while the great professor was far sighted he could have not foreseen the complete breakdown of the neo classical model of economics that the Great Recession of 2008 has engendered.

STOCKHOLDER’S RIGHTS & PROTECTION OF MINORITY INTEREST

☺ The right to sell their shares.

☺The right to vote on the directors nominated by the board.

☺ The right to dividends if they are declared.

These rights may include:

☺ The right to purchase new shares issued by the company.

☺ The right to what assets remain after a liquidation.

☺ Shareholders have the right to elect, remove and replace directors and vote on certain corporate acts in accordance with the Corporation Code.

☺The Code mandates the use of cumulative voting in the election of directors.

☺ Although directors may be removed with or without cause, the Code prohibits removal without cause if it will deny minority shareholders representation in the Board.

VOTING RIGHT

PRE-EMPTIVE RIGHT☺There is a specific denial of this right in the articles of incorporation or an amendment.

☺ Removal of directors requires an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the outstanding capital.

☺ The Articles of Incorporation may lay down the specific rights and powers of shareholders with respect to the particular shares they hold, all of which are protected by law so long as they are not in conflict with the Corporation Code.

POWER OF INSPECTION

RIGHT TO INFORMATION

REPORT BY:

JEAN PAULA RODOLFO

RIGHT TO DIVIDENDS

APPRAISAL RIGHT REPORT BY:

KIRK WALTER TORRES

Right to Dividends

The Company shall be compelled to declare dividends when its retained earnings shall be in excess of one hundred percent (100%) of its paid-in capital stock,

A dividend is a payment made by a corporation to its shareholders, usually as a distribution of profits. When a corporation earns a profit or surplus, it can either re-invest it in the business (called retained earnings), or it can distribute it to shareholders.

Appraisal RightThe stockholders shall have appraisal right or the right to dissent and demand payment of the fair value of their shares in the manner provided for under Section 82 of the Corporation Code, in any of the following instances:

In case of merger or consolidation.

In case of investment of corporate funds in another corporation or business or for any other purpose other than the primary purpose

In case any amendment to the Articles of Incorporation has the effect of changing or restricting the rights of any stockholders or class of shares.

In case of sale, lease, exchange, transfer, mortgage, pledge or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s property and assets.