sharks, skates, rays cartilaginous skeleton contain no bone
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Cartilaginous fishes (Class Chondrichthyes)
Sharks, skates, rays Cartilaginous skeleton Contain no bone
Bony Fishes (Class Osteichthyes)
Bony skeleton Have an operculum Have a swim bladder 3 groups:
Ray-finned fishes Lungfishes Lobe-finned fishes
Columbus Audobon. 2008. http://www.columbusaudubon.org/production/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=609:invasive-species-rainbow-trout-&catid=13:articles-and-news&Itemid=134
Ray-finned fishes Large group Freshwater and
marine Fins formed by webs
of skin supported by bony spines
Skeletons made of bone
Have scales Swim bladder Diverse shapes,
colors, lifestyles
Lungfish Lungfishes have gills and lung-like sacs
for breathing air
Lobed-finned fishes Bony skeleton Have fleshy fins that contain rod-shaped
bones surrounded by a thick layer of muscle
Ex. Coelacanths Above fish are the closest living relatives
to the tetrapods (have weight bearing limbs and digits (toes and fingers)
Amphibians (Class Amphibia)
The Rise of Amniotes
Amniotes are animals with embryos that develop inside a waterproof egg; their waterproof skin and highly efficient kidneys make them well adapted to dry habitats
Amniote Phylogeny
Diversity of Modern Reptiles
Reptile characteristics Scale-covered body Cloaca for waste disposal Four approximately equal limbs (except
snakes) Internal fertilization Body temperature determined by
surroundings (ectotherms)
Turtles Have protective shells
Shells fused to vertebrae, ribs, collarbone
No teeth, have a horny beak
Range of feeding habits
Habitats may be aquatic or terrestrial
Leatherback turtle
Galápagos turtle
Lizards and Snakes Common ancestor
had legs which were lost in snakes
Remnant hind limb bones reveal a limbed ancestry
Both snakes and lizards usually carnivorous
Tuataras
The two remaining species of tuataras have a third eye under the skin of the forehead
Alligators and Crocodiles Aquatic Evolved eyes and
nostrils high on heads so they are able remain under water for long periods of time
Strong jaws and conical teeth
Bury eggs and protect nest
Carry newly hatched young to water in their mouths
Birds (Class Aves)
A Bird Egg
Adaptations for Flight
The Rise of Mammals Mammals are animals that nourish
young with milk and have hair or fur; four kinds of teeth allow them to eat many kinds of food
3 Groups of Mammals (Class Mammalia)
Monotremes Marsupials Placental mammals
Monotremes (Egg-laying Mammals)
Platypus Spiny anteater
Marsupials
Koala
Tasmanian devil
Opossum s
Placental Mammals
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