spain and portugal = 16 th century dutch republic, france, england = 17 th century

SPAIN AND PORTUGAL = 16TH CENTURY

DUTCH REPUBLIC, FRANCE, ENGLAND = 17TH CENTURY

PORTUGUESE HAD CONTROL OVER SLAVE TRADE IN AFRICA AND SPICE TRADE IN INDIAN OCEAN

MID-17TH CENTURY - DUTCH SEIZE CONTROL OF PORTUG. FORTS ON W. COAST OF AFRICA AND TAKE CONTROL OF TRADE IN THE INDIAN OCEAN

THE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY

CAPE TOWN

1. AFFECTED COAST NOT INTERIOR

2. 16-18TH CENTURY TENS OF MILLIONS ENSLAVED

3. PRIOR TO 16TH CENT SLAVERY WAS LIMITED

4. SUGARCANE AND SUGAR PLANTATIONS SET UP IN THE 17TH CENT IN CARIBBEAN AND SOUTH AMERICA

5. NATIVES HAD BEEN KILLED/DIED OFF -> NEED FOR NEW LABOR = AFRICA

ENSLAVED AFRICANS1. 16TH CENT = 275,0002. 17TH CENT = OVER 1 MILLION3. 18TH CENT = 6 MILLION4. 19TH CENT = SLAVE TRADE IS ENDING =

2 MILLION5. EST THAT 10 MILLION AFRICANS WERE

FORCIBLE EXPORTED TO THE AMERICAS

HIGH MORTALITY RATES - 10%

300-450 SLAVES PER SHIP

100 DAY JOURNEY

UNSANITARY, CROWDED, INHUMAN

CONDITIONS

HIGH DEATH RATE DUE TO DISEASE IN THE

NEW WORLD

1. RAVAGED INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES2. CHEAP GOODS FROM EUROPE

DESTROYED LOCAL COTTAGE INDUSTRY IN AFRICA

3. DEPOPULATION - YOUNGEST AND STRONGEST TAKEN

4. POLITICAL EFFECTS - INCREASED TRIBAL WARFARE AND VIOLENCE

1. DIDN’T EXIST IN EUROPE

2. RACISM

3. FIRST OPPOSITION = THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS = THE QUAKERS - 1770’S

4. ABOLISHED IN French rev. 1790’s

5. BRITAIN ABOLISHES SLAVERY IN 1807

6. USA NOT UNTIL THE CIVIL WAR IN THE 1860’S

PORTUGAL ATTEMPTED TO DOMINATE TRADE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

PORTUGAL LACKED ENOUGH WEALTH AND POP TO COLONIZE ASIA

SPANISH ESTABLISH CONTROL OF THE PHILIPPINES

PORTUGUESE TRADE EMPIRE IS SQUEEZED OUT BY THE DUTCH AND ENGLISH

BY THE END OF 18TH CENT DUTCH TAKE COLONIAL CONTROL OF INDONESIA

MAINLAND STATES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA ABLE TO RESIST EUROPEAN CONTROL -> BURMA, THAILAND, VIETNAM

The right to sell slaves in Spanish colonies

English gained control of the asiento English made huge profits in the slave

trade