(sun ower sea star) Ç 29 n ias most trusted since 2003 Á Ç ¨
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ÂýSÌæßÙæ
ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ ÂýçÌØô»è Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ŠØæÙ ×ð´ ÚU¹·¤ÚU ÕÙæØæ ãñÐ çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ÚUæCþèØ °ß´ ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ ¿ØÙ ·¤ÚU
'PERFECT 7' ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ÁæÌæ ãñÐ §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ̉Ø, Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ °ß´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü »ýæçÈ €Uâ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â´·¤ËÂÙæ¥ô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ 'PERFECT 7' ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° Ò»æ»ÚU ×ð´ âæ»ÚUÓ âæçÕÌ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ Âÿæ, çßÂÿæ, çßàæðáÌæ¥ô´ ÌÍæ ©Ùâð ÖæÚUÌ °ß´ çßàß ÂÚU ÂǸÙð ßæÜð ÂýÖæßô´ ·¤è â×èÿææ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ, Ìæç·¤ Àæ˜æ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ ÕæÚUð ×ð´ °·¤ â×Ûæ çß·¤çâÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´Ð 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ·¤è ÎëçC âð ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæØè ÁæÌè ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ̉Øô´ °ß´ Âè¥æ§üÕè ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü çÕ´Îé¥ô´ ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° ã× ¥ÂÙð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ¥çÌçÚU€Ì ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÌð ãñ´Ð §â·¤æ ×éØ ©Î÷ÎðàØ çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ·¤ô â×æçãÌ ·¤ÚUÙæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè â´ÿæð ×ð´ °ß´ ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â ×ð´ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ÁæÌè ãñ çÁââð ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ mæÚUæ §âð âÚUÜÌæ âð ¥æˆ×âæÌ ç·¤Øæ Áæ â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚU€Ì §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ ¥‹Ø Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ·¤è Öæ´çÌ ã× Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·Ô¤ßÜ âÌãè ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ©ÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÙð ×ð´ çßàßæâ Ùãè´ ÚU¹Ìð ÕçË·¤ âæÚU»çÖüÌ ÕãéÂÿæèØ ¥õÚU ˜æéçÅUÚUçãÌ ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÙð ·¤æ ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ ·¤ÚUÌð ãñ´ çÁââð çâçßÜ âðßæ ×ð´ ã×æÚUð Àæ˜æ âÈ ÜÌæ ¥çÁüÌ ·¤ÚU â·Ô¤´, €UØô´ç·¤ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤è âÈ ÜÌæ ãè ã×æÚUè Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤è ·¤âõÅUè ãñÐ ã×Ùð ¥ÂÙð ¥Í·¤ ÂýØæâ °ß´ ÂçÚUŸæ× ·Ô¤ ÁçÚU° 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·¤ô ÒÂÚUÈÔ¤€UÅUÓ ÕÙæÙð ·¤æ ·¤æØü ç·¤Øæ ãñ, çÈ ÚU Öè ØçÎ ·¤ô§ü ˜æéçÅU ÚUã »Øè ãô Ìô ©âð âéÏæÚUÙð ×ð´ ¥æ·Ԥ âéÛææß âæÎÚU ¥æ×´ç˜æÌ ãñ´Ð
ÁèÌ çâ´ãâÂæη¤, ŠØðØ IAS
â´ƒæ Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô» ß ¥‹Ø ÚUæ’Ø Üô·¤ âðßæ ¥æØô»ô´ mæÚUæ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ×ð´ çß»Ì ·é À ßáô´ü âð ÚUæCþèØ ß ¥´ÌÚUæüCþèØ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ âð â´Õ´çÏÌ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤è â´Øæ ×ð´ ÕɸôžæÚUè
ãé§ü ãñÐ §â·¤è ÂéçC çß»Ì ßáô´ü ×ð´ â´Â‹Ù ãé§ü ÂÚUèÿææ¥ô´ ·Ô¤ Âýà٠˜æ âð ·¤è Áæ â·¤Ìè ãñÐ §âçÜ° ã×Ùð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ °ß´ ¹ÕÚUô´ ·¤æ â´·¤ÜÙ ç·¤Øæ ãñ, Áô ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° ¥ˆØ´Ì ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ãñ´Ð 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ Ù ·Ô¤ßÜ ÂýæÚUçÖ·¤ ß ×éØ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° ©ÂØô»è ãñ, ÕçË·¤ Øã âæÿæ户¤æÚU ·Ô¤ çÜ° Öè ¥ˆØ´Ì ©ÂØô»è ãñÐ §â×ð´ â×âæ×çØ·¤ ƒæÅUÙæ¥ô´ ·¤ô ÕðãÎ ÚUô¿·¤ É´» âð ÌæçÜ·¤æ,Üô¿æÅUü °ß´ 翘æô´ ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â×ÛææØæ »Øæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤ô â´·¤çÜÌ ·¤ÚUÌð â×Ø ã×æÚUæ ÂýØæâ Ù ·Ô¤ßÜ ©Ù ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·Ô¤ âÖè ÂãÜé¥ô´ ¥ÍæüÌ÷ °·¤ SÂC çßàÜðá‡ææˆ×·¤ âæ´¿ð ×ð´ ÉæÜÙð ·¤æ ÚUãæ ãñ ÕçË·¤ °ðâð ×éÎ÷Îô´ ·¤æ §â×ð´ çßSÌëÌ çßßð¿Ù Öè ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ, çÁÙ·¤æ ¥‹Ø â×âæ×çØ·¤ Âç˜æ·¤æ¥ô´ ×ð´ çÁ·ý Ì·¤ Ùãè´ ãôÌæ ãñÐ 'PERFECT 7' ·Ô¤ âæÌ ÕýðÙ ÕêSÅUâü ·Ô¤ ×æŠØ× âð â×âæ×çØ·¤ çßáØô´ ·¤è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè ·¤ô ÕðãÎ âÅUè·¤Ìæ ß ¥æ·¤áü·¤ M¤Â âð ÂýSÌéÌ ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñ, çÁââð Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô ·¤× â×Ø ×ð´ Öè ©ÂØô»è ÁæÙ·¤æÚUè âéÜÖ ãô â·Ô¤Ð §â·Ô¤ ¥çÌçÚUÌ 'PERFECT 7' Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¹ÕÚUð´, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü Âè¥æ§üÕè, âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙ ß âæÌ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ̉Øô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæ Öè ç·¤Øæ »Øæ ãñÐ §â Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ¥Øæâ ÂýàÙô´ ·¤æ â×æßðàæÙ Àæ˜æô´ ·¤ô çâçßÜ âðßæ ÂÚUèÿææ ·Ô¤ çÜ° SßØ´ ·¤æ ×êËØæ´·¤Ù ·¤ÚUÙð ×ð´ âãæØÌæ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌæ ãñÐ Øãæ¡ Øã SÂC ·¤ÚUÙæ ¥æßàØ·¤ ãñ ç·¤ ç·¤âè Öè Âç˜æ·¤æ ×ð´ ̉Øô´ ·¤è ×æ˜ææ âð ’ØæÎæ ×ãˆßÂê‡æü ©â·¤è »é‡æßžææ ãôÌè ãñ, §âçÜ° §âè çâfæ´Ì ·¤æ ¥ÙéÂæÜÙ ·¤ÚU·Ô¤ ã×Ùð âæÚU»çÖüÌ M¤Â ×ð´ Øã Âç˜æ·¤æ ¥æ·Ԥ â×é¹ ÂýSÌéÌ ·¤è ãñ, ¿ê´ç·¤ ·¤ô§ü Öè ·ë çÌ ¥´çÌ× Ùãè´ ãôÌè ãñ, ©â×ð´ âéÏæÚU ·¤è âÎñß â´ÖæßÙæ°¡ çßl×æÙ ÚUãÌè ãñ´Ð ¥ÌÑ âÖè Àæ˜æô´ âð ¥ÙéÚUôÏ ãñ ç·¤ ¥ÂÙð Õãé×êËØ âéÛææßô´ ß â×æÜô¿Ùæ¥ô´ âð ã×ð´ ¥ß»Ì ·¤ÚUæ°´Ð
¥ßÙèàæ Âæ‡ÇðØâÂæη¤, ŠØðØ IAS
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
1 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
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LoPNkxzg¸ (Satyagraha se Swachhagrah)
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ds ,tsaMs esa çkFkfed lwph esa 'kkfey gSA
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yksxksa dks LoPNrk ij vey ds fy, çsfjr
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ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;kA
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vkSj nf{k.k & iwoZ ,f'k;k vkSj mi&lgkjk
vÚhdk esa 2030 rd blds mUewyu ds
fy, 'kkSpky; dk mi;ksx c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
2 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
n'kd ls leqnk; vk/kfjr lek/ku ds fy,
vuqnku ns jgk gSA ysfdu fiQj Hkh vHkh
,lMhth dk y{; iwjk gksrk utj ugha vk
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xkaoksa ds ,d NksVs çfr'kr dk ewY;kadu
djus ds fy, i|fr fodflr djuk gS vkSj
fiQj vkxs dsUæ@jkT; ds voewY;u esa Hkkjh
varj gksus ij jkT;ksa dks lgk;rk nsuk vkSj
ekxZn'kZu djuk gSA
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gksrkA 'kkSpky; uk gksus ij vdlj efgyk,a
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
3 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
viQxku&rkfycku 'kkafr okrkZ dh /heh izxfr02
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¥ varjk&viQxkfuLrkxu 'kkafr okrkZ o"kZ
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cjdjkj gSA rkfycku us viQxkfuLrku esa
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drj esa 'kkafr okrkZ dh liQyrk dh mEehnsa
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fd nksgk esa gks jgh okrkZ ds ldkjkRed
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djsxkA iQjojh 2020 esa vesfjdk vkSj
rkfycku ds chp gq, le>kSrs ds vuqlkj
viQxkfuLrku ls vesfjdh lSfudksa dh
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fo'ks"k çfrfuf/ tkYes; •yhytkn us lkiQ
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¥ vCnqYyk vCnqYyk] (ftUgksaus viQxkfuLrku
esa o"kZ 2019 esa lEiUu gq, jk"Vªifr pquko
ifj.kkeksa dks pqukSrh nh Fkh vkSj jk"Vªifr
v'kjiQ xuh dh oS/rk vkSj vf/dkj ij
loky mBk;s FksA blds vfrfjÙkQ mUgksus
vYidkfyd lekukarj ljdkj dk xBu Hkh
fd;k Fkk) okrkZ esa ljdkjh çfrfuf/eaMy
dk usr`Ro dj jgs gSaA fdUrq mijk"Vªifr
ve#Yykg lkysg ftUgs rkfycku fojks/h
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dh ekax dh Fkh] ysfdu rkfycku us bl
rjg dh ekaxksa dk fojks/ fd;k vkSj ckrphr
ds vU; fcanqvksa tSls dSfn;ksa dh vnyk
cnyh (gky esa rkfycku ds c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
4 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
vius lSfudksa dh lewph okilh ds fy,
lger gksus o nksgk esa varj&viQxku 'kkafr
okrkZ dh 'kq#vkr ds ckotwn] rkfycku
us viQxku cyksa ls yM+uk tkjh j•k gSA
vesfjdk ds lkFk le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj djus
ds ckn] rkfycku vkSj vesfjdk ds chp
v?kksf"kr :i ls ;q¼fojke tkjh gS] ysfdu
viQxku ljdkj ds lkFk bl rjg dk dksbZ
le>kSrk ugha fd;k x;k gSA ;g fLFkfr bl
ckr ds ladsr nsrh gS fd rkfycku lÙkk ikus
dh ea'kk j•rk gSA
viQxkfuLrku esa efgykvksa ds vf/dkj ls tqM+s eqís
¥ ekStwnk viQxkfuLrku dh tks fLFkfr gS]
mlesa vesfjdh lsukvksa dk oru ykSVuk r;
gks pqdk gSA blds lkFk gh rkfycku dk
fdlh u fdlh rjhds ls lÙkk esa Hkkxhnkj
cuuk Hkh fuf'pr gSA ckrphr ls igys
rkfycku Hkys gh ;g ladsr nsrk jgk gks
fd efgykvksa ds f•ykiQ vc mlds rsoj
igys tSls ugha jgsA ysfdu fo'ys"kdksa dk
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dkuwu pysA
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dks dqN fuf'pr vf/dkj feys gSa] ysfdu
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fygktk] 2004 ds ckn vk, •qysiu dk
iQk;nk mBk dj rjDdh gkfly dj pqdh
'kgjh vkSj eè; oxhZ; efgykvksa ds fy,
vkus okyk oÙkQ csgn d'ed'k Hkjk gSA bu
efgykvksa dk ekuuk gS fd ns'k esa 'kkafr
dk;e djus ds fy, t:jh gS fd rkfycku
lÙkk esa Hkkxhnkj cus ysfdu mldh fLFkfr
bruh etcwr u gks fd og efgyk vf/dkjksa
dh lqj{kk ds fy, cus dkuwuksa dks myV nsA
,slk gksus ls csgrj gS fd 'kkafr okrkZ VwV
tk, D;ksafd rkfycku dk viuh 'krks± ij
ljdkj esa ykSVuk muds fy, •rjs dh ?kaVh
lkfcr gksxhA
¥ fliQZ rkfycku gh ugha viQxkfuLrku (•kl
dj xzkeh.k bykdksa esa) dk vke iq#"k Hkh
efgykvksa ds ekeys esa csgn #fkSrsA
¥ Topic:
¥ Hkkjr ds fgrksa] Hkkjrh; Mk;liksjk ij fodflr rFkk fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh uhfr;ksa rFkk jktuhfr dk izHkkoA
iz- rkfycku&viQxku 'kkafr okrkZ rc rd liQy ugha gks ldrh] tc rd rkfycku la?k"kZ fojke dh ?kks"k.kk dj viQxku
ukxfjdksa dk fo'okl gkfly u djsA ppkZ dhft;s
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
5 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
odZ izQkWe gkse ls odZ izQkWe ,uhOgs;j rd % c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
6 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
dk;kZy;ksa dk çf'k{k.k] ijke'kZ vkSj lg;ksx
ds fy, egRoiw.kZ LFkku cuk jgukA ;g ,d
,slh t:jr gS ftlds ckjs esa deZpkfj;ksa
us •qydj viuh jk; tkfgj dh gS vkSj
;g Li"V gS fd og ^odZ ÚkWe gkse* dh
ifjikVh esa dk;kZy;ksa dh bl Hkwfedk dh
deh eglwl djrs gSaA
¥ bl laca/ esa xwxy ds CEO lqanj fipbZ vkSj
,Dlsapj ls lacaf/r twyh LohV tSls m|ksx
txr ds fnXxtksa us] O;kolkf;d fodkl
ds fy, ekuoh; laca/ksa ;kuh bu&ilZu
baVjSD'ku ds egRo ij tksj fn;k gSA
¥ lky 2020 esa eSfdUls dh fjiksVZ esa ;g
Hkh ik;k x;k Fkk fd ,d gh LFkku ij
dke djus okyh Vheksa dks fo'okl cukus
esa vklkuh gksrh gSA bl fjiksVZ esa odZ ÚkWe
gkse djus okys deZpkfj;ksa ds lkeus vkus
okyh pqukSfr;ksa ij Hkh tksj fn;k x;k Fkk]
ftuesa i;kZIr lapkj vkSj leUo; dh deh
'kkfey gS] D;ksafd yksx tfVy lwpukvksa ds
vknku&çnku vkSj ppkZvksa ds fy, fMftVy
laokn ds ctk;] vkeus&lkeus laokn djuk
ilan djrs gSA
D;k ÝysDl Lisl djsaxs leL;kvksa dk lek/ku\
¥ Hkkjr esa odZ ÚkWe gkse ekWMy ds 'kq#vkrh
fnuksa esa mRikndrk esa o`f¼ ds lkFk&lkFk
deZpkfj;ksa }kjk ^dke vkSj thou dk csgrj
larqyu* (work life balance) laca/h dbZ
fjiksVZ lkeus vkbZaA gkykafd] tSls&tSls eghus
chrrs x,] dbZ rjg dh pqukSfr;ka Hkh lkeus
vkbZ gSa] ftuesa ekufld LokLF; ls tqM+s eqís
Hkh 'kkfey gSaA
¥ dksfPp fLFkr ,d xSj ljdkjh laxBu ds
gkfy;k loZs{k.k esa ;g ckr lkeus vkbZ gS]
fd T;knkrj yksxksa ds fy, dk;kZy; ls
dke djus dh rqyuk esa odZ ÚkWe gkse
vf/d rukoiw.kZ vkSj lqLr lkfcr gks jgk
gSA yxHkx 87 çfr'kr mÙkjnkrkvksa dks yxk
fd daifu;ksa dks deZpkfj;ksa dh HkykbZ ij
dsafær Li"V uhfr;ksa dks fodflr djuk
gksxk] rkfd deZpkfj;ksa ds ekufld LokLF;
dks csgrj fd;k tk ldsA
¥ LØhu ij ns•rs jgus ds le; esa o`f¼]
cSBus dh vthc fLFkfr;ka vkSj lkekftd
laidZ dh deh ds dkj.k] deZpkfj;ksa dks
'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld LokLF; ls tqM+h
ijs'kkfu;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA
¥ bldh rqyuk esa yphys dk;Z{ks=kksa ds
vè;;u] foijhr ;kuh ldkjkRed urhts
çLrqr djrs gSaA lefiZr lkeqnkf;d çca/
dksa (community managers) dks fu;qÙkQ
djus vkSj vius ifjljksa esa fofHkUu rjg ds
bZosaV vkfn vk;ksftr dj] ÝysDl vkWijsVjksa
us ,d ,slh laLÑfr dks ckdj.k dh fn'kk esa Hkh lqfoèkktud
lkfcr gksrs gSaA
¥ blds vykok yphys dk;Z{ks=k] fofo/rk
vkSj lekosf'krk (inclusion) dh laLÑfr dks
c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
7 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
¥ rhljs Lrj ij] yphys dk;Z{ks=kksa dk leFkZu
djus ds fy, ljdkjh gLr{ksi Hkh egRoiw.kZ
gks tkrk gS] [kklrkSj ij rc tc gesa irk
pyrk gS fd orZeku esa Hkkjrh; dk;Z laLÑfr
(work culture) ^fxx vFkZO;oLFkk* dh vksj
#• dj jgh gSA feysfu;y deZpkjh] tks
lky 2025 rd oSf'od dk;Zcy dk 75
çfr'kr ls vf/d fgLlk gksaxs] yphyh dk;Z
laLÑfr;ksa dks çkFkfedrk nsrs gSa tks mUgsa
ml dke dks djus o ,slh ifj;kstukvksa ds
lkFk tqM+us dk fodYi çnku djrh gSa] tks
mUgsa lcls csgrj yxrs gksaA
¥ pkSFkk Lrj ;g fd tSls&tSls deZpkjh
HkkSfrd dk;kZy;ksa ls odZ ÚkWe gkse esa
LFkkukarfjr gks jgs gSa] ljdkj dks vkWulkbV
dke ij lqjf{kr okilh ds fy,] çHkkoh
ekud lapkyu çfØ;k,a (standard
operating procedures) çnku djus gksaxsA
m|ksx txr ls tqM+h bdkbZ;ksa dks Hkh ;g
lqfuf'pr djuk gksxk fd deZpkfj;ksa dh
lqj{kk vkSj HkykbZ lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,
bu çfØ;kvksa dks çHkkoh
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
8 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
Hkkjr o"kZ 2025 esa fo'o dh ik¡poh lcls cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk % lhbZchvkj04
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ fczVsu ds çeq• vkfFkZd vuqla/ku laLFkku
lsaVj iQkj bdksukWfed ,aM fctusl fjlpZ
fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd Hkkjr 2025
rd fczVsu dks iNkM+ dj fiQj nqfu;k dh
ikpoh cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk cu tk,xk vkSj
2030 rd rhljs LFkku ij igqap tk;sxkA
¥ ;wds&vk/kfjr fFkad VSad] CEBR us ;g
vuqeku Hkh yxk;k gS fd] dksfoM&19
egkekjh ds çHkko ls mcjus dh fo"ke
uhfr;ksa ds dkj.k phu ikap lky igys
gh] o"kZ] 2028 rd vesfjdk ls vkxs
fudy tk,xk vkSj nqfu;k dh lcls cM+h
vFkZO;oLFkk cu tk,xkA
Hkkjr dh fLFkfr
¥ fjiksVZ esa vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS fd o"kZ
2021 esa Hkkjr dh o`f¼ 9 çfr'kr vkSj
o"kZ 2022 esa 7 çfr'kr jgsxhA lhbZchvkj
dk dguk gS fd ;g LokHkkfod gS fd
Hkkjr tSls&tSls vkfFkZd :i ls vf/d
fodflr gksxk] ns'k dh o`f¼ nj /heh
iM+sxh vkSj 2035 rd ;g 5-8 çfr'kr
ij vk tk,xhA vkfFkZd o`f¼ dh bl
vuqekfur fn'kk ds vuqlkj vFkZO;oLFkk ds
vkdkj esa Hkkjr 2025 esa fczVsu ls] 2027
esa teZuh ls vkSj 2030 esa tkiku ls vkxs
fudy tk,xkA
¥ fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd Hkkjrh;
vFkZO;oLFkk dh xfr dksfoM&19 ls igys
gh ean iM+us yxh FkhA 2019 esa o`f¼ nj
4-2 çfr'kr jg x;h Fkh tks nl lky dh
U;wure o`f¼ Fkh
¥ CEBR dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] cSafdax ç.kkyh
esa detksjh] lq/kjksa ds lek;kstu vkSj
oSf'od O;kikj esa fxjkoV lfgr fofHkUu
dkjdksa ds ,df=kr gksus ds ifj.kkeLo:i
Hkkjr dh /heh vkfFkZd o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
¥ lkFk gh dksfoM&19 egkekjh Hkkjr ds
fy, ,d cM+h ekuoh; vkSj vkfFkZd
vkink jgh gS] ftlesa fnlacj] 2020 ds
eè; rd 1]40]000 ls vf/d ekSrsa ntZ
dh xbZ gSaA gkykafd] çfrca/ gVk, tkus
ij Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds dbZ {ks=kksa
us iqu#¼kj fn•k;k gS] ysfdu vHkh Hkh
mRiknu iwoZ&egkekjh ds Lrj ls cgqr uhps
gSA
¥ gkyk¡fd mi;ZqÙkQ lanHkZ esa Hkkjrh; fjtoZ
cSad us Hkh ;gh ladsr fn, fd Hkkjrh;
vFkZO;oLFkk vc vf/dka'k iwokZuqekuksa dh
rqyuk esa vf/d rhoz xfr ls iVjh ij
ykSV jgh gSA
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds lanHkZ esa fofHkUu ,tsafl;ksa ds iwokZuqeku
¥ NCAER dk vuqeku& ,ulh,bZvkj us
viuh eè;&o"kZ dh leh{kk esa pkSFkh
frekgh (tuojh&ekpZ 2021) esa 2 çfr'kr
dh o`f¼ dk vuqeku yxk;k gSA MsykW;V
dh fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd vxys foÙk
o"kZ 2021&22 esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk 10
çfr'kr dh c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
9 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
¥ 73&74 çfr'kr lksyj lsy@iSuy phu }kjk fufeZr fd;k tkrk gSA ogha oSf'od lhesaV mRiknu esa phu dh fgLlsnkjh 60 çfr'kr gSA
¥ fo'o dk yxHkx 50 çfr'kr dks;yk mRiknu phu }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA 44&45 çfr'kr ikuh tgkt fuekZ.k dk;Z esa phu dh fgLlsnkjh gSA yxHkx 60 çfr'kr twrs phu esa cuk;s tkrs gSaA
¥ Hkkjh m|ksx dks vk/kj nsus ds fy, LVhy dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj phu yxHkx vk/k LVhy dk mRiknu vdsys djrk gSA
¥ phu u fliQZ fofuekZ.k ls lacaf/r mRiknksa dk lcls cM+k vkiwfrZdrkZ cudj mHkjk gS cfYd oSf'od Ñf"k fu;kZr esa Hkh phu lcls vkxs gSA bl rjg çkFkfed ,oa f}rh;d lsDVj ij phu dk yxHkx iwjk dCtk cuk gqvk gSA
¥ phu çfr o"kZ yxHkx 2 gtkj 560 vjc MkWyj dk fu;kZr djrk gS ogha Hkkjr dk dqy fu;kZr yxHkx 430 vjc MkWyj ls de gSA
¥ phu u fliQZ vf/d fu;kZr djrk gS cfYd vf/d mRiknu djus ds fy, dPps lkeku ds :i esa çfr lky yxHkx 2 gtkj 150 vjc MkWyj dk vk;kr Hkh djrk gSA Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa ;g vkadMk yxHkx 515 vjc MkWyj dk gSA
¥ phu us viuk jsy usVodZ yxHkx 1 yk• 21 gtkj fdyksehVj esa iQSyk;k gS vkSj fo'o dh lcls rst jsyksa dk lapkyu fd;k gS ftlls oLrqvksa vkSj lkekuksa dks ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ij igq¡pkuk vklku gqvk gSA Hkkjr dk jsy usVodZ vHkh rhoz xfr dh Vªsu ds vuqdwy ugha gks ik;k gSA
¥ Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk foÙkh; o"kZ 2020&21 esa tgk¡ &7-5 çfr'kr dh udkjkRed o`f¼ fn•k ldrh gS ogha phu yxHkx 3-4 çfr'kr dh ldkjkRed o`f¼ ds lkFk vkxs c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
10 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
lw{e] y?kq ,oa eè;e m|ksx % Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh jh
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
11 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
¥ ;gk¡ ;g Hkh è;ku nsuk gksxk fd cSafdax igq¡p
de gksus ds dkj.k Hkkjr dks MSMEs dks
vf/dka'kr% foÙk NBFCs ,oa lw{e foÙkh;
laLFkkuksa (MFIs) ls çkIr gks ikrk gSA bu {ks=kksa
esa rjyrk de gksus ds dkj.k MSME dks
foÙkh; dfBukbZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA
¥ bl {ks=k ds fodkl ,oa foÙkh; igq¡p esa ,d
çeq• dkj.k budk vukSipkfjd gksuk gS ;k
vkSipkjhdj.k dh deh gSA dqy MSME
ds ek=k 14 çfr'kr dk iathdj.k fd;k
x;k gSA dqy 6-3 djksM+ MSMEs esa ls 1-1
djksM+ gh GST O;oLFkk ls tqM+s gSaA buesa ls
vk;dj nkf•y djus okyksa dh la[;k rks
vkSj Hkh de gSA
¥ vkSipkjhdj.k dh deh ds dkj.k bUgsa
viuk O;kikj c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
12 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
;w,u,llh esa jk"Vªh; fgrksa dks loksZifj j[kus dh vko';drk06
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ 'khr ;q¼ dh lekfIr ds ckn ls Hkkjr
rhljh ckj (vktknh ds ckn ls dqy 8
ckj) la;qÙkQ jk"Vª lqj{kk ifj"kn esa ços'k
dj jgk gSA Hkkjr ds fiNys nks vLFkk;h
lnL; ds :i esa dk;Zdkyksa 1991&92 vkSj
2011&12 dh rqyuk esa orZeku oSf'od
O;oLFkk dk lehdj.k iwjh rjg cny pqdk
gSA Hkkjr esa iwoZ ds dk;Zdkyksa ls ysdj vc
rd dkiQh cnyko vk;sa gSaA fiNys ,d
n'kd esa Hkkjrh; fgrksa dh lhek dk foLrkj
gqvk gS] blfy, Hkkjr dks vius jk"Vªh;
fgrksa dks c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
13 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
:i ls çHkkfor fd;k gSA bl {ks=k esa phu
dh cM+h
us lqj{kk ifj"kn ds u, mís';ksa dks fu/kZfjr
ugha fd;k] cfYd oSf'od vkSj LFkkuh;
eqíksa ds ckjs esa lqj{kk ifj"kn dh ubZ ladjrk
dks n'kkZ;k gSA dqy feykdj vke lgefr
ls fo'o dh leL;kvksa ds lek/ku •kstuk
vklku ugha gqvk gSA
¥ lhfj;k esa tkjh ;q¼ tSls xfrjks/ vkSj la?k"kZ
;g fn•krs gSa fd lqj{kk ifj"kn dk ukdke
gksuk fdl rjg ds ifj.kke lkeus j•
ldrk gSA
Hkkjr dh j.kuhfr
¥ la;qÙkQ jk"Vª lqj{kk ifj"kn esa ik¡p ns'kksa
&vesfjdk] fczVsu] Úkal] :l vkSj phu dks
LFkkbZ lnL;rk çkIr gSA bu ns'kksa dh lnL;rk
nwljs fo'o ;q¼ ds ckn ds 'kfÙkQ larqyu
dks çnf'kZr djrh gSA orZeku ifjis{; esa
Hkkjr lfgr la;qÙkQ jk"Vª ds vf/dka'k lnL;
;w,u,llh ds foLrkj vkSj lq/kj dk leFkZu
djrs gSaA Hkkjr] teZuh] tkiku vkSj czkthy
rFkk vÚhdh la?k ds ns'k ifj"kn esa LFkkbZ
lnL;rk ds fy, ç;kl dj jgs gSaA buesa
Hkkjr] teZuh] tkiku vkSj czkthy us viuh
nkosnkjh ds fy, leFkZu tqVkus ds fy,
th&4 uked laxBu cuk;k gSA
¥ egk'kfÙkQ;ksa us la;qÙkQ jk"Vª tSlh laLFkk dks
tgk¡ ohVks ds fo'ks"kkf/dkj ds nq#i;ksx }kjk
vçklafxd cuk fn;k gS] ogha Hkkjr viuh
iw.kZ {kerk ls la;qÙkQ jk"Vª dks etcwr djus
esa yxk gSA
¥ oSf'od 'kkafr] lqj{kk] ekuokf/dkj]
varjjk"Vªh; dkuwuksa dk fØ;kUo;u] tyok;q
ifjorZu vkSj lrr fodkl tSls y{;ksa dh
iwfrZ ds fy, Hkkjr la;qÙkQ jk"Vª ds lkFk
feydj dk;Z dj jgk gSA
vkxs dh jkg
¥ la;qÙkQ jk"Vª ds laLFkkuksa ds chp] dkedkt
dks ysdj ,d Li"V foHkktu j•rs gq,]
lqj{kk ifj"kn dks la;qÙkQ jk"Vª ds lexz
y{;ksa ds vuq:i gh dke djuk pkfg,]
ysfdu bldh ,d eq[; Hkwfedk] lqj{kk
laca/h cqfu;knh ftEesnkfj;ksa ds fy, etcwr
tukns'k rS;kj djuk Hkh gSA bl rjg dh
phtksa dks ykxw djus dk ,d rjhdk ;g
gks ldrk gS fd la;qÙkQ jk"Vª ds Hkhrj ,d
Lopkfyr jsiQjy çfØ;k dh LFkkiuk dh
tk,] ftlds rgr ohVks fd, x, çLrkoksa
dks ,d ckj fiQj fopkj ds fy, yk;k
tk lds] rkfd dkuwuh çfØ;k esa mudh
okilh gksA
¥ Hkkjr oSf'od O;oLFkk esa çfr}afnrk dks
ns•rs gq, cM+h Hkwfedk x
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
14 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
caxky dh [kkM+h ,oa vaMeku lkxj % Hkkjr dk lkefjd }kj07
ppkZ dk dkj.k
¥ gky ds o"kks± esa fgan egklkxj ij è;ku dsafær djrs gq, Hkkjr us egk}hih; n`f"Vdks.k ds lkFk lkFk leqæh ekeyksa dks çkFkfedrk nsuh 'kq: dh gSA Hkkjr O;kid fgUn egklkxj {ks=k esa viuh c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
15 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
ugha gSA tcfd] vkfl;ku ns'kksa us blh rjg
dk ukSlSfud vH;kl o"kZ 2018 esa phu ds
lkFk fd;k FkkA
¥ Hkkjr vkSj vkfl;ku ds chp c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
16 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
egRoiw.kZ czsu cwLVlZ7
ukxkySaM esa viQLik01
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa x`g ea=kky; us ukxkySaM dks l'kL=k cy (fo'ks"k vf/dkj) vf/fu;e&viQLik (Armed
Forces (Special Powers) Act– AFSPA) ds rgr
vxys Ng eghus ds fy, v'kkar {ks=k ?kksf"kr
dj fn;k gSA dsaæ ljdkj dh vf/lwpuk esa
dgk x;k gS fd jkT; dh lhek ds Hkhrj ,slh
v'kkar vkSj •rjukd (disturbed and dangerous
condition) fLFkfr gS] ftlls ogka ukxfjd ç'kklu
dh lgk;rk ds fy, l'kL=k cyksa dk ç;ksx djuk
vko';d gSA
2- çeq• fcUnq ¾ dsaæ ljdkj ds vuqlkj ;g iQSlyk blfy, fd;k x;k D;ksafd jkT; ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa gR;k,a] ywV vkSj tcju olwyh tkjh gSA
¾ ljdkj us blds fy, l'kL=k cy (fo'ks"k vf/dkj) vf/fu;e 1958 dh la[;k 28 dh /kjk rhu }kjk çnRr 'kfÙkQ;ksa dks vk/kj cuk;k gSA
3- D;k gS v'kkar {ks=k\ ¾ v'kkar {ks=k ?kksf"kr djus dk vf/dkj Hkh viQLik dkuwu ds rgr gh vkrk gSA v'kkar {ks=k ?kksf"kr djus dk vf/dkj dsaæ ljdkj] jkT;iky vkSj dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa esa mijkT;iky ds ikl gksrk gSA oks fdlh bykds] fdlh ftys ;k iwjs jkT; dks v'kkar {ks=k ?kksf"kr dj ldrs gSaA blds fy, Hkkjr ds jkti=k ij ,d vf/lwpuk fudkyuh gksrh gSA
¾ ;g vf/lwpuk viQLik dkuwu dh /kjk 3 ds rgr gksrh gSA bl /kjk esa dgk x;k gS fd ukxfjd ç'kklu ds lg;ksx ds fy, l'kL=k cyksa dh vko';drk gksus ij fdlh {ks=k dks v'kkar {ks=k ?kksf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
¾ fdlh {ks=k fo'ks"k esa AFSPA rHkh ykxw fd;k tkrk gS tc jkT; ;k dsaæ ljdkj ml {ks=k dks ¶v'kkar {ks=k dkuwu¸ vFkkZr fMLVcZM ,fj;k ,DV (Disturbed Area Act) ?kksf"kr dj nsrh gSA AFSPA dkuwu dsoy mUgha {ks=kksa esa yxk;k tkrk gS tks fd v'kkar {ks=k ?kksf"kr fd;s x, gksaA bl dkuwu ds ykxw gksus ds ckn gh ogka lsuk ;k l'kL=k cy Hksts tkrs gSaA
4- l'kL=k cy (fo'ks"k vf/dkj) vf/fu;e D;k gS\ ¾ 1950 ds n'kd esa iwokZ sÙkj ds jkT;ksa esa mxzokn dh c
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17 tuojh&2021 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
Hkkjr esa ,uhfe;k dh fparktud fLFkfr02
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa tkjh us'kuy iQSfeyh gsYFk loZs 2019&20 ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr esa cM+h la[;k esa
efgyk,¡ vkSj cPps esa ,uhfe;k ls xzflr gSa
vkSj fgeky; ds BaMs jsfxLrkuh {ks=kksa esa bldk
çlkj lcls T;knk gSA
2- ,uhfe;k D;k gS\ ¾ tc 'kjhj esa yky jÙkQ dksf'kdkvksa dk Lrj lkekU; ls de ;k gheksXyksfcu dh ek=kk de gks tkrh gS] rks bl fLFkfr dks ,uhfe;k dgrs gSaA ,slk vkgkj ftlesa i;kZIr vk;ju] iQksfyd ,flM ;k foVkfeu ch&12 ugha gksrk gS] ,uhfe;k dk ,d lkekU; dkj.k cu ldrk gSA
¾ tc 'kjhj esa gheksXyksfcu de gks tkrk gS] rks ulksa esa vkWDlhtu dk çokg Hkh de gksrk gSA blls •wu esa gheksXyksfcu dh deh gks tkrh gS vkSj 'kjhj dks t:jh ÅtkZ Hkh ugha fey ikrh gSA
¾ ,uhfe;k ds lkekU; y{k.kksa esa Fkdku] BaM yxuk] pDdj vkuk] fpM+fpM+kiu vkSj lkal ysus esa rdyhiQ] fljnnZ vkfn 'kkfey gSaA blds vfrfjÙkQ] dqN vU; fLFkfr;ka tks ,uhfe;k dk dkj.k gks ldrh gSa] tSls& xHkkZoLFkk] ekfld /eZ ds dkj.k jÙkQ dh deh] vYlj] jÙkQ fodkj ;k dSalj (tSls fd fldy lsy ,uhfe;k vkSj FkSyslhfe;k ;k dSalj)] oa'kkuqxr fodkj vkSj laØked jksx] bR;kfnA blls ekr` e`R;q&nj esa o`f¼ ds lkFk lkFk fd'kksfj;ksa dh 'kkjhfjd o çtuu {kerk Hkh çHkkfor gksrh gSA
3- Hkkjr esa ,uhfe;k fdruk O;kid gS\ ¾ us'kuy iQSfeyh gsYFk loZs (NHFS) ds vuqlkj] bl loZs{k.k ds nkSjku 6 ls 59 eghus ds cPpksa vkSj 15 ls 49 o"kZ dh vk;q dh efgykvksa vkSj iq#"kksa ds chp ,uhfe;k dk ijh{k.k fd;k x;kA us'kuy iQSfeyh gsYFk loZs (NHFS) ds vuqlkj ns'k ds 22 jkT;ksa] dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa esa ls 15 esa vk/s ls vf/d cPps vkSj efgyk,a ,uhfe;k dh f'kdkj gSaA blh rjg] bu 14 jkT;ksa vkSj dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa esa 50 iQhlnh ls vf/d efgyk,a ,uhfed gSaA
¾ ,uhfed cPpksa o efgykvksa dk vuqikr y{k}hi] dsjy] es?kky;] ef.kiqj] fetksje rFkk ukxkySaM esa rqyukRed :i ls de gS vkSj yík•] xqtjkr] tEew&d'ehj o if'pe caxky esa vf/d gSA buesa ls vf/dka'k jkT;ksa vkSj dsaæ'kkflr çns'kksa esa iq#"kksa esa ,uhfe;k dk Lrj 30» ls de gSA
4- ns'k esa ,uhfe;k bruk O;kid D;ksa gS\ ¾ pkoy vkSj xsgwa ij vf/d fuHkZjrk o vkgkj esa cktjk dh deh ,uhfe;k ds mPp çlkj ds dkj.k gks ldrs gSaA blds vfrfjÙkQ gjh vkSj iÙksnkj lfCt;ksa dh vi;kZIr •ir ,oa iSdsTM vkSj çkslsLM •k| inkFkks ± esa de iks"k.k ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa ,uhfe;k ds ekeys c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
18 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
fo/kulHkk l=k ds vkÞoku esa jkT;iky dh Hkwfedk03
6- fu"d"kZ ¾ pwafd jkT;iky dh 'kfÙkQ;ka lnu dks cqykus ds laca/ esa lhfer gSa] blfy, l=k dks
cqykus ds vuqjks/ dks vLohdkj djus ds
fy, dksbZ dkuwuh vk/kj ugha gks ldrk gSA
blds vfrfjÙkQ ;fn jkT;iky lnu dks vkgwr
djus ls fiQj Hkh budkj dj nsrs gSa rks muds
bl fu.kZ; dks vnkyr esa Hkh pqukSrh nh tk
ldrh gSA
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa dsjy ds jkT;iky vkfjiQ eksgEen •ku us dsjy ljdkj dh vksj ls cqyk, x,
jkT; fo/kulHkk ds fo'ks"k l=k dks eatwjh nsus
ls budkj dj fn;k gSA njvly] jkT; ljdkj
dsaæ ds 3 u, Ñf"k dkuwuksa ij ppkZ djus ds
fy, fo'ks"k l=k vk;ksftr djuk pkgrh FkhA
2- jkT; ds fo/ku&e.My ds l=k] l=kkolku vkSj fo?kVu esa jkT;iky dh Hkwfedk
¾ vuqPNsn 174 ds vuqlkj jkT;iky] le;≤ ij] jkT; ds fo/ku eaMy ds lnu ;k çR;sd lnu dks ,sls le; vkSj LFkku ij] tks og Bhd le>s] vf/os'ku ds fy, vkgwr djsxk fdUrq mlds ,d l=k dh vfUre cSBd vkSj vkxkeh l=k dh çFke cSBd ds fy, fu;r rkjh• ds chp Ng ekl dk vUrj ugha gksxkA
¾ vuqPNsn 163 ds vuqlkj] jkT;iky dks eaf=keaMy dh lgk;rk vkSj lykg ij dk;Z djuk vko';d gSA bl çdkj tc jkT;iky vuqPNsn 174 ds rgr lnu dks vkgwr djrk gS rks ;g mldh viuh bPNk ds vuqlkj ugha cfYd jkT; dh eaf=keaMy dh lgk;rk vkSj lykg ij fd;k tkrk gSA
¾ laoS/kfud O;oLFkk ds rgr dSfcusV dk lykg vkSj fliQkfj'k ekuus ds fy, jkT;iky ckè; gSaA vxj dSfcusV us fo/kulHkk dk ls'ku cqykus dh lykg nh gS rks jkT;iky dks mlds eqrkfcd fu.kZ; djuk gksxkA
3- viokn ¾ lk/kj.k fLFkfr esa ea=khifj"kn dk iQSlyk ekuus ds fy, jkT;iky ckè; gSa ysfdu tc jkT;iky dks ,slk çrhr gks fd eq[;ea=kh lnu dk leFkZu •ks pqds gSa vkSj muds i;kZIr la[;kcy ij vk'kadk gS rks rks jkT;iky vius foosd ds vk/kj ij lnu dks vkgwr djus dk fu.kZ; ys ldrk gSA gkykafd jkT;iky }kjk viuh foosdk/hu 'kfÙkQ;ksa ds rgr fy;s x, fu.kZ; dks U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh tk ldrh gSA
3- viokn ¾ lk/kj.k fLFkfr esa ea=khifj"kn dk iQSlyk ekuus ds fy, jkT;iky ckè; gSa ysfdu tc jkT;iky dks ,slk çrhr gks fd eq[;ea=kh lnu dk leFkZu •ks pqds gSa vkSj muds i;kZIr la[;kcy ij vk'kadk gS rks jkT;iky vius foosd ds vk/kj ij lnu dks vkgwr djus dk fu.kZ; ys ldrk gSA gkykafd jkT;iky }kjk viuh foosdk/hu 'kfÙkQ;ksa ds rgr fy;s x, fu.kZ; dks U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh tk ldrh gSA
4- jkT;iky dh Hkwfedk esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; dk fu.kZ; ¾ o"kZ 2016 esa v#.kkpy çns'k esa jkT;iky ds fu.kZ; }kjk mRiUu laoS/kfud ladV dh lokZsPp U;k;ky; }kjk leh{kk dh x;hA uce jsfc;k cuke fMIVh Lihdj dsl ds iQSlys esa vuqPNsn 174 dh O;k[;k djrs gq, lokZsPp U;k;ky; us iQSlyk fn;k fd fo/ku lHkk dk l=k cqykus] LFkfxr djus vkSj Hkax djus ds vf/dkj dk bLrseky jkT;iky eaf=kifj"kn dh lykg ij djsaxsA
¾ blds vfrfjÙkQ lokZsPp U;k;ky; us dgk fd ;fn jkT;iky ds ikl ;g ekuus dk dkj.k gS fd eaf=kifj"kn fo'okl •ks pqdk gS rks og eq[;ea=kh dks cgqer lkfcr djus dks dg ldrs gSaA
5- ljdkfj;k vk;ksx dh fliQkfj'ksa ¾ dsUæ ljdkj }kjk twu 1983 esa lqçhe dksVZ ds iwoZ U;k;k/h'k vkj- ,l- ljdkfj;k dh vè;{krk esa ljdkfj;k vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k x;k FkkA ljdkfj;k vk;ksx dh fliQkfj'kksa ds vuqlkj jkT;iky dk laoS/kfud nkf;Ro fo/kulHkk dk xBu] fo/kulHkk l=k vkgwr djuk] dkuwu&O;oLFkk dh fLFkfr xaHkhj gksus ij fo/kulHkk Hkax djus dh fliQkfj'k djuk rFkk fo/k;dksa] eaf=k;ksa o eq[;ea=kh dks 'kiFk fnykuk gSA
¾ blds vfrfjÙkQ tc rd ,d jkT; dh eaf=keaMy dks fo/kulHkk esa i;kZIr cgqer çkIr gS] rc rd eaf=keaMy }kjk nh tkus okyh lykg dks ekuuk (tc rd Li"V rkSj ij vlaoS/kfud u gks) jkT;iky ds fy;s ckè;dkjh gksxkA gkykafd ,slh lykg Li"V rkSj ij vlaoSèkkfud ugha gksuh pkfg,A
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19 tuojh&2021 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
Hkkjr esa vkdk'kh; fctyh dh xaHkhjrk04
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa çdkf'kr ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj vkdk'kh; fctyh ls vçSy] 2019 ls ekpZ]
2020 ds chp Hkkjr esa yxHkx 1]771 ekSrsa
gqbZ gSaA è;krO; gS fd blls gksus okyh ekSrksa
esa mÙkj çns'k çFke LFkku ij gSA
2- vkdk'kh; fctyh (rfM+r) D;k gksrh gS\ ¾ vkdk'kh; fctyh mPp oksYVst vkSj cgqr de vof/ ds fy;s ckny vkSj LFky ds chp ;k ckny ds Hkhrj çkÑfrd :i ls fo|qr fuLlj.k (Eelectrical Discharge) dh çfØ;k gSA
¾ bl çfØ;k esa rhoz çdk'k] xjt] ped vkSj vkokt gksrh gSA
¾ vkdk'kh; fctyh fxjus dh ?kVuk,a ,d fuf'pr vof/ ds nkSjku vkSj yxHkx leku HkkSxksfyd LFkkuksa ij leku iSVuZ esa gksrh gSA
¾ baVj DykmM (varj es?k) ;k baVªk DykmM (varjk es?k&IC) vkdk'kh; fctyh gkfujfgr gksrh gSa] tcfd DykmM Vw xzkmaM (CG% ckny ls i`Foh rd vkus okyh) vkdk'kh; fctyh ^gkbZ bysfDVªd oksYVst vkSj bysfDVªd djaV* ds dkj.k gkfudkjd gksrh gSA
¾ Hkkjr nqfu;k ds mu ns'kksa esa 'kkfey gS tgka lcls T;knk vkdk'kh; fctyh fxjus dh ?kVuk,a gksrh gSaA fgeky; vkSj leqæ ls f?kjs Hkkjr dh HkkxkSfyd ikfjfLFkfrdh blds fy, ftEesnkj crkbZ tkrh gSA
3- bl çdkj dh ekSrksa dks fdl çdkj de fd;k tk ldrk gS\ ¾ DykbesV jsftfy,aV vksCtfoZax flLVe çeks'ku dkmafly (Climate Resilient Observing
Systems Promotion Council-CROPC) ds vuqlkj] fdlkuksa] i'kq pjkus okyksa] cPpksa vkSj •qys {ks=kksa esa yksxksa dh tku cpkus ds fy, fctyh fxjus dh iwoZ tkudkjh nsuk egRoiw.kZ gSA
¾ fctyh fxjus ls gksus okyh ekSrksa dks de djus ds fy,] rfM+r lqj{kk ;a=kksa dks yxkus tSls LFkkuh; rfM+r lqj{kk dk;Z ;kstukvksa dh vko';drk gSA
¾ vkdk'kh; fctyh ls gksus okyh ekSrksa dks vkSj de djus ds fy;s ykbVfuax jsthfy;aV bafM;k vfHk;ku esa vR;f/d Hkkxhnkjh dh vko';drk gSA
¾ blds vykok LFkkuh; vkdk'kh; fctyh lqj{kk dk;Z ;kstuk] tSls vkdk'kh; fctyh laj{k.k midj.k (Lightning Protection Devices) LFkkfir djus ls Hkh tu&gkfu dks jksdk tk ldrk gSA
¾ blds vykok vkdk'kh; fctyh ls lacaf/r iwokZuqeku vkSj psrkouh dks eksckby ij lans'kksa ds ekè;e ls lHkh {ks=kksa vkSj lHkh Hkk"kkvksa esa miyC/ djkbZ tkuh pkfg, gSA
¾ D;ksafd bl ?kVuk dh nq•n rLohj ;s Hkh gS fd fctyh fxjus ls ejus okyksa esa lcls T;knk ekSrsa xzkeh.k bykdksa esa gksrh gSaA •srksa esa dke dj jgs fdlku vkSj etnwj bldk f'kdkj curs gSaA tkx#drk ds vHkko esa dbZ ckj xzkeh.k •sr esa #d tkrs gSa ;k fiQj gjs isM+ksa ds uhps Bgj tkrs gSa] ysfdu ;s gknls dh vk'kadk dks vkSj c
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
20 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
thjks dwiu iqui±wthdj.k ckWUM05
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa dsUnz ljdkj us foÙkh; uokpkj dk bLrseky iatkc vkSj fla/ cSad dks iquiZwathÑr
djus ds fy, fd;k gS] ljdkj us iatkc
vkSj fla/ cSad ds iquiZwathdj.k gsrq 5]500
djksM+ #i, dh dher ds Lis'ky thjks dwiu
fjdSfiVykbts'ku ckWM~l tkjh fd;s gSaA dsaæ
ljdkj us igyh ckj fdlh cSad esa iwath Mkyus
ds fy, thjks dwiu ;kuh 'kwU; C;kt nj okys
ckWUM tkjh fd, gSaA
2- ifjp; ¾ ckWUM ds tfj;s iwath Mkyus dh vo/kj.kk dks lcls igys 2017 esa is'k fd;k x;kA
mlls igys] ljdkj cSadksa dks iwath c
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21 tuojh&2021 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
ef.kiqj esa buj ykbu ijfeV06
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa ef.kiqj esa fofHkUu fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq, dsaæh; x`g ea=kh us jkT; esa
buj ykbu ijfeV ç.kkyh ds egÙo ij Hkh çdk'k
MkykA
¾ lkFk gh x`g ea=kh us baiQky esa opZqvy ekè;e ls bZ vkWfiQl vkSj Fkqcy cgqís'kh; ifj;kstuk dk
mn~?kkVu fd;kA
2- D;k gS buj ykbu ijfeV flLVe ¾ buj ykbu ijfeV flLVe dk fopkj vkSifuosf'kd {ks=k ls fy;k x;k gSA caxky bZLVuZ ÚafV;j jsxqys'ku ,DV] 1873 ds rgr fczfV'k 'kkldksa us fu/kZfjr bykdksa esa ,aVªh vkSj ckgjh ukxfjdksa ds vkus tkus ij jksd yxk j•h Fkh] ;s lc fczfV'k 'kkldksa us vius O;kikj vkSj fgrksa dks lqjf{kr j•us ds fy, fd;k FkkA
¾ buj ykbu ijfeV ç.kkyh ds rgr ns'k ds nwljs jkT;ksa ls ef.kiqj tkus okys yksxksa dks igys vuqefr ysuh gksrh gSA
¾ bl iwjs flLVe dk mís'; jkT; ds ewy ukxfjdksa dh vkcknh] tehu] ukSdjh vkSj vU; lqfo/kvksa dks lqjf{kr djuk vkSj jkT; esa nwljs jkT;ksa ls vk, yksxksa dks clus ls jksduk gSA
3- eq[; fcUnq ¾ ef.kiqj ds yksxksa }kjk yacs le; ls buj&ykbu ijfeV (ILP) dh ekax dh tk jgh Fkh] ftls ns•rs gq, uxkySaM ds fnekjiqj ftys ds lkFk laiw.kZ ef.kiqj dks buj&ykbu ijfeV (ILP) ç.kkyh ds nk;js esa yk;k x;k FkkA
¾ blds rgr Hkkjrh; ukxfjdksa dks ef.kiqj ds lajf{kr bykdksa esa fuf'pr fnu ds fy, ;k=kk dh btktr feyrh gSA
¾ xkSjryc gS fd mÙkj&iwoZ esa ef.kiqj pkSFkk jkT; gS] tgka ;s O;oLFkk ykxw gSA ef.kiqj ds vykok v#.kkpy çns'k] ukxkySaM vkSj fetksje esa Hkh buj ykbu ijfeV flLVe ykxw gSA
4- buj ykbu ijfeV dh vko';drk ¾ iwokZsÙkj esa dbZ lewg buj&ykbu ijfeV O;oLFkk dks voS/ vçokfl;ksa ds ços'k ds fo#¼
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ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
22 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
fo'kky fge[kaM 'A68a' 07
1- ppkZ dk dkj.k ¾ gky gh esa oSKkfudksa us nf{k.k tkWftZ;k
dh vksj f•ldrk gqvk ^A68a* uke dk
fo'kky fge•aM ns•k gSA oSKkfudksa ds
vuqlkj] ;g fo'kky fge•aM (Iceberg)
lqnwj nf{k.k vVykafVd }hi ls fo•afMr
gksdj fczfV'k vf/Ñr }hi nf{k.k
tkWftZ;k ls Vdjk ldrk gSA ;g fge•aM
o"kZ 2017 esa vaVkdZfVdk ls vyx gks
x;k FkkA
¾ blls tkWftZ;k }hi ds oU; thou ij
vR;f/d çHkko iM+us dh vk'kadk O;ÙkQ
dh tk jgh gSA
2- ifjp; ¾ bl bykds esa ;g ,slh igyh ?kVuk ugha gSA igys Hkh ,slk ;gka dbZ ckj gks pqdk gS vkSj blhfy, bl bykds dks ¶fge•aMksa dk dfczLrku¸ dgk tkrk gSA
¾ ,d vkdyu ds eqrkfcd bl vkblcxZ dk otu ,d fVªfy;u Vu gS vkSj ;g 200 ehVj xgjk] 158 fdyksehVj yack vkSj 48 fdyksehVj pkSM+k gSA bl fo'kkydk; fge•aM dk
vkdkj eqêòh dh rjg gSA
¾ bldh otg ls bldk tehu ls Vdjkus dk •rjk nwljs fo'kky vkblcxZ dh rqyuk esa dgha T;knk gSA
¾ ;g vkblcxZ rhu lky igys vaVkdZfVd vkbl 'ksYiQ ls dVdj vyx gks x;k Fkk vkSj 10 gtkj ls T;knk ehy dk liQj r; djus ds ckn nf{k.k vVykafVd esa nf{k.k tkWftZ;k
ds lehi igqapk gSA
¾ fczfV'k vaVkdZfVd loZs ds izeq[k MkW- ,saMªw Ýysfeax ds eqrkfcd vHkh ;g nf{k.k tkWftZ;k ds gh vkdkj dk gSA
¾ oSKkfudksa dk ekuuk Fkk fd iQjojh esa egklkxj esa cgus ds ckn A68 uke dk fge[kaM gtkjksa NksVs&NksVs VqdM+ksa esa VwV x;k ysfdu gSjku djus okyh ckr ;g jgh fd og vHkh Hkh
,d fo'kky vkdkj esa gSA
¾ Ýysfeax ds vuqlkj ;g vkblcxZ fiQygky nqfu;k esa lcls cM+k gS vkSj bfrgkl ds ikap lcls cM+s vkblcxZ esa ls ,d gSA
3- bl fo'kkydk; fge•aM ds Vdjkus ls uqdlku ¾ fczfV'k vaVkdZfVd loZs ds ck;ksykWftLV çksiQslj tsjk;aV VkfyZax dh psrkouh ds eqrkfcd vkblcxZ ls fudyus okys BaMs vkSj Ús'k ikuh dh otg ls •k| Ük`a•yk ds lcls uhps
jgus okys thoksa] tSls dkbZ (microalgae) vkSj IySadVu ds vfLrRo ij •rjk iSnk gks tk,xkA
¾ bldk vlj nwljs thoksa ij gksxk tks •kus ds fy, bu thoksa ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i isafXou vkSj lhy eNfy;ksa tSls tkuojksa dh vkcknh •rjs esa vk tk,xhA
¾ vxj ;g leqæry esa jg jgs thoksa dks •Re djrk gS rks ok;qeaMy esa cM+h ek=kk esa dkcZu MkbZ&vkWDlkbM dk mRltZu gksxkA
4- bl fo'kkydk; fge•aM ds Vdjkus ls ykHk ¾ pw¡fd ;g /wy vkSj lsfMesaV (ryNV) ls Hkjk gqvk gS blfy, blds fi?kyus ls leqæ dh moZjd {kerk c
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23 tuojh&2021 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
iz- fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1- 'kjhj esa tc yky jDr dksf'kdkvksa (RBC) dk Lrj lkekU; ls
de gks tkrk gS] rks ml fLFkfr dks ,uhfe;k dgrs gSaA
2- us'kuy iQSfeyh gsYFk losZ (NHFS) ds vuqlkj] dsUnz 'kkflr izns'k
yík[k esa 92-5 iQhlnh cPPksa] 92-8 iQhlnh efgyk,a vkSj 76
iQhlnh iq#"k ,uhfe;k ls ihfM+r gSaA
mijksÙkQ esa ls dkSu lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuks a (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (b)
Hkkjr esa ,uhfe;k dh fparktud fLFkfr
02
ukxkySaM esa viQLik01
iz- ukxkySaM esa viQLik ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1- viQLik dkuwu ds rgr lsuk fdlh ds ?kj esa fcuk okjaV ryk'kh ys ldrh gSA
2- viQLik dkuwu dsoy mUgha {ks=kksa esa yxk;k tkrk gS] tks fd v'kkar {ks=k ?kksf"kr fd;s x, gksaA
3- gky gh esa x`g ea=kky; us vle dks viQLik ds rgr vxys 6 eghus ds fy, v'kkar {ks=k ?kksf"kr dj fn;k gSA
mijksÙkQ esa ls dkSu lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 1 vkSj 2
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (b)
O;k[;k % gky gh esa x`g ea=kky; us viQLik dkuwu ds rgr ukxkyS.M (u fd vle) dks 6 eghus ds fy, v'kkar {ks=k ?kksf"kr dj fn;k gSA fofnr gks fd viQLik dkuwu dsoy mUgha {ks=kksa esa yxk;k tkrk gS] tks fd v'kkar {ks=k ?kksf"kr fd;s x;s gksaA bl rjg dFku 3 xyr gS] vr% mÙkj (b) gksxkA
oLrqfu"B iz'u rFkk muds O;k[;k lfgr mÙkj
(czsu cwLVlZ ij vk/kfjr)7
fo/kulHkk l=k ds vkÞoku esa jkT;iky dh Hkwfedk03
iz- fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1- jkT;iky dks eaf=keaMy dh lgk;rk vkSj lykg dk vf/dkj
vuqPNsn 173 ds rgr fn;k x;k gSA
2- dsUnz ljdkj }kjk twu 1983 esa lqizhe dksVZ ds iwoZ U;k;kèkh'k
vkj-,l- ljdkfj;k dh vè;{krk esa ljdkfj;k vk;ksx dk
xBu fd;k x;k FkkA
mijksÙkQ esa ls dkSu lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuks a (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (b)
O;k[;k % jkT;iky dks eaf=keaMy dh lgk;rk vkSj lykg dk
vf/dkj vuqPNsn 163 (u fd 173) ds rgr fn;k x;k gSA dsUnz
ljdkj }kjk twu 1983 esa lqizhe dksVZ ds iwoZ U;k;k/h'k vkj-,l-
ljdkfj;k dh vè;{krk esa ljdkfj;k vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k x;k FkkA
bl rjg dFku 1 xyr gS] vRk% mÙkj (b) gksxkA
O;k[;k % us'kuy iQSfeyh gsYFk losZ (NHFS) ds vuqlkj dsUnz
'kkflr izns'k yík[k esa 92-5 iQhlnh cPps] 92-8 iQhlnh efgyk,a vkSj
76 iQhlnh iq#"k ,uhfe;k ls ihfM+r gSaA fofnr gks fd tc 'kjhj esa
yky jDr dksf'kdkvksa (RBC) dk Lrj lkekU; ls de gks tkrk gS] rks bl
fLFkfr dks ,uhfe;k dgrs gSaA bl rjg nksuks a dFku lgh gS] vr% mÙkj
(c) gksxkA
Hkkjr esa vkdk'kh; fctyh dh xaHkhjrk
04
iz- vkdk'kh; fctyh ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj
dhft,&
1- vkdk'kh; fctyh mPp oksYVst vkSj cgqr de vof/ ds fy,
ckny vkSj LFky ds chp izkÑfrd :i ls fo|qr fuLlkj.k dh
izfØ;k gSA
-
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
24 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
2- Hkkjr nqfu;k ds mu ns'kksa esa 'kkfey gS] tgka lcls vf/d
vkdk'kh; fctyh fxjus dh ?kVuk;sa gksrh gSaA
3- vkdk'kh; fctyh fxjus dh ?kVuk,a ,d fuf'pr vof/ ds
nkSjku vkSj yxHkx leku HkkSxksfyd LFkkuksa ij leku iSVuZ esa
gksrh gSA
mijksÙkQ esa ls dkSu lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 3 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (d) mi;qZDr lHkh
mÙkj% (d)
O;k[;k % gky gh esa izdkf'kr ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj vkdk'kh;
fctyh ls vizSy] 2019 ls ekpZ] 2020 ds chp Hkkjr esa yxHkx 1771 ekSrsa
gqbZ gSaaA vkdk'kh; fctyh ds lanHkZ esa fn, x, lHkh dFku lgh gSa] vr%
mÙkj (d) gksxkA
thjks dwiu iqui±wthdj.k ckWUM05
fo'kky fge[kaM 'A68a' 07
ef.kiqj esa buj ykbu ijfeV06
lll
lll
iz- thjks dwiu iquiw±thdj.k ckW.M ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r
dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1- thjks dkuwu iquiwZthdj.k ckWUM ds tfj;s iwath Mkyus dh
vo/kj.kk dks lcls igys o"kZ 2018 esa is'k fd;k x;kA
2- iquiwZthdj.k ckWUM ds :i esa cSad tks jkf'k fuos'k djrs gSa]
ml ij mUgsa O;kt ugha feyrk gSA
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuks a (d) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (d)
O;k[;k% gky gh esa dsUnz ljdkj us foÙkh; uokpkj dk bLrseky
iatkc vkSj fla?k cSad dks iwuiwZthÑr djus ds fy, fd;k gSA thjks
dwiu iquiZwthdj.k ckWUM ds tfj;s iwath Mkyus dh vo/kj.kk dks lcls
igys o"kZ 2017 esa is'k fd;k FkkA iquiwZthdj.k ckWUM ds :i esa cSad
tks jkf'k fuos'k djrs gaS] ml ij mUgsa O;kt feyrk gSA bl rjg nksuks a
dFku xyr gS] vr% mÙkj (d) gksxkA
iz- fo'kky fge[kaM ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1- oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj bl fo'kky fge[k.M dk otu ,d fVªfy;u Vu gSA
2- ;g yxHkx 200 ehVj xgjk] 158 fdehú yack rFkk 48 fdehú pkSM+k gSA
3- bl fo'kkydk; fge[k.M dk vkdkj eqB~Bh dh rjg gSA
mi;ZqDr esa ls dkSu lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 vkSj 2 (b) dsoy 2 vkSj 3
(c) 1] 2 vkSj 3 (d) mi;qZDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (c)
O;k[;k% gky gh esa oSKkfudksa us nf{k.k tkWftZ;k dh vksj f[kldrk gqvk ^168* uke dk fo'kky fge[kaM ns[kk gSA oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj] ;g fo'kky fge[k.M (Jeelery) lwnwj nf{k.k vVykafVd }hi ls fo[kafMr gksdj fczfV'k vf/Ñr }hi nf{k.k tkWftZ;k ls Vdjk ldrk gSA KkrO; gS fd ;g fge[k.M Ok"kZ 2017 esa vaVkdZfVdk ls vyx gks x;k FkkA bl lanHkZ esa mi;qZDr lHkh dFku lgh gSa] vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA
iz- buj ykbu ijfeV ds lanHkZ esa fuEufyf•r dFkuksa ij fopkj dhft,&
1- buj ykbu ijfeV dk fopkj vkSifuosf'kd {ks=k ls fy;k x;k gSA
2- buj ykbu ijfeV iz.kkyh ds rgr ns'k ds nwljs jkT;ksa ls ef.kiqj tkus okys yksxksa dks igys vuqefr ysuh gksrh gSA
mijksÙkQ esa ls dkSu lk@ls dFku lgh gS@gSa\
(a) dsoy 1 (b) dsoy 2
(c) 1 vkSj 2 nksuksa (d) mi;qZDr esa ls dksbZ ugha
mÙkj% (c)
O;k[;k % gky gh esa ef.kiqj esa fofHkUu fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq, dsUnzh; x̀g ea=kh us jkT; esa buj ykbu ijfeV iz.kkyh ds egÙo ij Hkh izdk'k MkykA ef.kiqj esa buj ykbu ijfeV ds lanHkZ esa mi;qZDr
nksuksa dFku lgh gSA vr% mÙkj (c) gksxkA
-
25 tuojh&2021 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
vÚhdh Lokbu cq[kkj01
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa ef.kiqj esa xaHkhj laØked chekjh
vÚhdh Lokbu cq•kj ds laØe.k dk irk pyk gS] blls igys flracj 2020 ds nkSjku vle esa Hkh bl chekjh ds dkj.k gtkjksa lwvjksa dh ekSr gqbZ FkhA
vÚhdh Lokbu cq•kj
¥ vÚhdh Lokbu cq•kj (,,l,iQ) ?kjsyw vkSj taxyh lwvjksa dks çHkkfor djus okyk ,d xaHkhj ok;jy jksx gSA ;g jksx iksdZ (lwvj ekal) ds mRiknu dks xaHkhj :i ls çHkkfor djrk gSA
¥ blls laØfer gksus okys lwvj dks vkerkSj ij rhoz jÙkQlzkoh cq•kj gksrk gS vkSj ;g
jksx 'kr çfr'kr ekSr dk dkj.k cu tkrk gSA
¥ chekjh dk çlkj
;g ,d çdkj dk VªkalckmaMªh ,fuey
Mhlht (TAD) gS tks ,d LFkku ls
nwljs LFkku ij thfou ;k e`r laØfer
lwvjksa ;k muds ekal ds ekè;e ls gh
iQSyrh gSA
pwafd ,,l,iQ ds mPp i;kZoj.kh; çfrjks/h gksus ds dkj.k bl chekjh dk lapj.k nwf"kr •k| (iksdZ) vkSj iQksekbV~l (xSj&thfor oLrqvksa) tSls twrs] diM+s] okgu] pkdw ;k vU; midj.k vkfn ds ekè;e ls Hkh gks
ldrk gSA
egRoiw.kZ [kcjsa7
baMksusf'k;k dk ekmaV esjkih Tokykeq[kh02
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa baMksusf'k;k ds ekmaV esjkih
Tokykeq•h (Indonesia's Mount Merapi
Volcano) ds vkl&ikl xeZ cknyksa ds
fuekZ.k dks ns•k x;k gS] ftlds pyrs blesa
foLiQksV dh vk'kadk c
-
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
26 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
¥ baMksusf'k;k ds ekmaV esjkih Tokykeq•h
(Indonesia's Mount Merapi Volcano) esa
vafre Hk;adj foLiQksV o"kZ 2010 dks gqvk
Fkk]ftlesa dkiQh tky&eky dk uqdlku
gqvk FkkA bl foLiQksV esa yxHkx 347 yksx
ekjs x, FksA
¥ xkSjryc gS fd nqfu;k esa lcls vf/d
lfØ; Tokykeq•h baMksusf'k;k ds vklikl ds
{ks=k esa iM+rs gSaA ,d vuqeku ds eqrkfcd]
baMksusf'k;k dh yxHkx 250 fefy;u vkcknh
¶fjax vkWiQ iQk;j¸ ds varxZr vkrh gS]
ftlds dkj.k ;gk¡ Hkwdai vkSj Tokykeq•h
foLiQksV dk •rjk cuk jgrk gSA
Tokykeq•h
¥ Tokykeq•h i`Foh dh lrg (HkwiVy) ij
mifLFkr ,slh njkj ;k eq• gksrk gS ftlls
i`Foh ds Hkhrj dk xeZ ykok] xSl] jk•
vkfn ckgj vkrs gSaA
¥ i`Foh ds lrg ds vanj fi?kys gq, inkFkZ dks
eSXek dgrs gSa ogh tc ;g eSXek i`Foh ls
ckgj vkrk gS rks bls ykok dgk tkrk gSA
Tokykeq•h foLiQksV ds le; i`Foh ls ;gh
eSXek ckgj fudyrk gS ,oa blds lkFk Hkkjh
ek=kk esa tyok"i] jk• ,oa fofHkUu çdkj
ds xSl bR;kfn ckgj fudyrs gSaA
fjax vkWiQ iQk;j (Ring of Fire)
¥ ^fjax vkWiQ iQk;j*] ç'kkar egklkxj ds
pkjksa&vksj fLFkr ,d ,slk foLr`r {ks=k
gS tgk¡ foorZfud IysVsa vkdj vkil esa
feyrh gSaA ;gk¡ foorZfud IysVksa ds vkil
esa feyus ls Tokykeq•h foLiQksV ;k mn~xkj
rFkk Hkwdaih; ?kVukvksa dh fujarjrk jgrh gSA
¥ ^fjax vkWiQ iQk;j* dks ifjç'kkar egklkxjh;
es•yk (Circum-Pacific Belt) ds uke ls Hkh
tkuk tkrk gSA
¥ fo'o ds yxHkx 75» Tokykeq•h ̂ fjax vkWiQ
iQk;j* {ks=k esa gh ik, tkrs gSaA
dkuwuh igpkudrkZ bdkbZ03
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad us vçSy ls vkjVhth,l@ ,ubZ,iQVh ds ekè;e ls cM+s ewY; ds ysu&nsu ds fy, dkuwuh igpkudrkZ bdkbZ (Legal Entity Identifier) dh 'kq#vkr djus dk fu.kZ; fd;k gSA
dkuwuh igpkudrkZ bdkbZ
¥ dkuwuh igpkudrkZ bdkbZ ,d 20&vadh; fof'k"V igpku la[;k gS ftldk mi;ksx nqfu;k Hkj esa foÙkh; ysunsu gsrq ikfVZ;ksa dh igpku djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA oSf'od foÙkh; ladV ds ckn csgrj tksf•e çca/u ds fy, foÙkh; MsVk flLVe dh xq.koÙkk vkSj lVhdrk esa lq/kj ds fy, ,d egRoiw.kZ mik; ds :i esa bldh dYiuk dh xbZ FkhA
¥ Hkkjr ds vanj LEI dksM dks ¶dkuwuh
igpkudrkZ bdkbZ bafM;k fyfeVsM (LEIL)¸
ls çkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad }kjk ¶Hkqxrku vkSj fuiVku ç.kkyh vfèkfu;e] 2007¸ ds rgr dkuwuh igpkudrkZ bdkbZ bafM;k fyfeVsM (LEIL) dks Hkkjr esa LEI dksM ds tkjhdrkZ ds :i esa
Hkh ekU;rk çnku dh gSA
¥ fo'ks"krk,¡
dkuwuh bdkbZ igpkudrkZ dksM ,d foÙkh; bdkbZ ds fy, igpku ds çek.k ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA
;g fu;ked vko';drkvksa dk ikyu
djus esa enn djrk gSA
-
27 tuojh&2021 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
VªsM fjikWftVjh esa ysunsu dh fjiksfVZax dks
lqxe cukrk gSA
¥ LEI dks fjtoZ cSad us cM+s dkWikZsjsV dtZnkjksa ds
lkFk&lkFk vksoj n dkmaVj (OTC) O;qRiUu
vkSj xSj&O;qRiUu cktkjksa esa çfrHkkfx;ksa ds
fy, pj.kc¼ rjhds ls ykxw dj jgk gSA
dkuwuh igpkudrkZ bdkbZ bafM;k fyfeVsM
¥ dkuwuh igpkudrkZ bdkbZ bafM;k fyfeVsM
Hkkjr esa oSf'od :i ls laxr dkuwuh
igpkudrkZ bdkbZ (LEI) tkjh djus ds fy,
,d LFkkuh; ifjpkyu bdkbZ (LOU) ds :i
esa dk;Z djrk gSA
¥ ;g Hkkjrh; lek'kks/u fuxe fyfeVsM
(Clearing Corporation of India Ltd-CCIL)
dh ,d iw.kZ LokfeRo okyh lgk;d daiuh
gSA
¥ Hkkjr esa fo'o Lrj ij dkuwuh igpkudrkZ
bdkbZ tkjh djus ds fy, Hkkjrh; fjtoZ
cSad (vkjchvkbZ) }kjk Hkkjrh; lek'kks/u
fuxe fyfeVsM dks 2014 esa vf/Ñr fd;k
x;k FkkA
Hkkjrh; lek'kks/u fuxe fyfeVsM
¥ Hkkjrh; lek'kks/u fuxe fyfeVsM dh
LFkkiuk vçSy] 2001 esa /u] ljdkjh
çfrHkwfr;ksa] fons'kh eqæk vkSj ftal cktkjksa
esa ysunsu ds fy, xkjaVhÑr lek'kks/u vkSj
fuiVku dk;ks± ds fy, dh xbZ FkhA
i'kq Øwjrk fuokj.k vf/fu;e04
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa i'kqvksa ds tcju ifjogu esa bLrseky gksus okys okguksa dks dCts esa djus rFkk i'kqvksa dks xks'kkyk ;k vU; vkJ;ksa esa Hkstus ls tqM+h dsaæ ljdkj dh vf/lwpuk dh oS/rk dks lokZsPp U;k;ky; esa pqukSrh nh xbZ gSA
¥ ;g vf/lwpuk i'kq jksdFkke vf/fu;e ds fØ;kUo;u ds lanHkZ esa tkjh dh x;h FkhA
¥ bl ;kfpdk ds vuqlkj 2017 esa tkjh dh xbZ vf/lwpuk ewy dkuwu] i'kq Øwjrk fuokj.k vf/fu;e] 1960 ds çko/kuksa ds fo#¼ gSA
i'kqvksa ds çfr Øwjrk dk fuokj.k vfèkfu;e] 1960 ds çeq• çko/ku
¥ bl vf/fu;e esa ¶ca/qvk i'kq¸ vkSj ¶ikyrw i'kq¸ nksuks a dks vyx&vyx ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA
¥ ¶ca/qvk i'kq¸ ls vfHkçsr gS dksbZ i'kq (tks ikyrw i'kq u gks) tks pkgs LFkk;h :i ls vFkok vLFkk;h :i ls ca/qvk gkyr esa gks ;k ftls ca/qvk gkyr ls fudy Hkkxus esa ls jksdus ds fy, cka/ dj j•k x;k gksA
¥ ¶ikyrw i'kq¸ ls ,slk i'kq vfHkçsr gS tks lk/k;k gqvk gS] ;k tks euq"; ds dke vkus ds fy, fdlh ç;kstu dh iwfrZ ds
fufeÙk i;kZIr :i ls lk/k;k x;k gS ;k
lk/k;k tk jgk gSA
¥ bl vf/fu;e dh /kjk 4 esa i'kq dY;k.k
cksMZ dh LFkkiuk dk çko/ku fd;k x;k gSA
ftlesa Hkkjr ljdkj dk ou egkfujh{kd
(insu)] Hkkjr ljdkj dk i'kqikyu
vk;qÙkQ (insu) ds lkFk&lkFk x`g vkSj
f'k{kk ls lEcfU/r dsUæh; ljdkj ds
ea=kky;ksa ds ,d&,d çfrfuf/] Hkkjrh;
oU; çk.kh cksMZ dk ,d çfrfuf/ lfgr
vU; lacfU/r yksx 'kkfey gksrs gSaA
i'kqvksa ls tqM+s laoS/kfud çko/ku
¥ lafo/ku dk uqPNsn 48 jkT; Ñf"k vkSj
i'kqikyu dks vk/qfud vkSj oSKkfud
ç.kkfy;ksa ls laxfBr djus dk ç;kl
djsxk vkSj fof'k"Vr;k xk;ksa vkSj cNM+ks a
rFkk vU; nq/k: vkSj okgd i'kqvksa dh
u'kyksa ds ifjj{k.k vkSj lq/kj ds fy,
vkSj muds o/ dk çfr"ks/ djus ds fy,
dne mBk,xkA
¥ blds vykok ewy drZO; esa dgk x;k
gS fd çR;sd ukxfjd dk drZO; gS fd
og çkÑfrd i;kZoj.k dh] ftlds varxZr
ou] >hy] unh vkSj oU; tho gSa]
j{kk djs vkSj mldk lao/Zu djs rFkk
çkf.kek=k ds çfr n;k Hkko j•sA
-
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
28 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
osLVuZ MsfMdsVsM ÚsV dkWfjMksj05
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa ç/kuea=kh Jh ujsUæ eksnh us osLVuZ MsfMdsVsM ÚsV dkWfjMksj (Western Dedicated Freight Corridor-WDFC) ds jsokM+h&enkj •aM (Rewari - Madar section) dks jk"Vª dks lefiZr fd;k gSA
çeq• fcUnq
¥ ç/kuea=kh Jh ujsUæ eksnh us gky gh esa osLVuZ MsfMdsVsM ÚsV dkWfjMksj (MCY;wMh,iQlh) ds 306 fdyksehVj yacs jsokM+h&enkj •aM dks ohfM;ks dkWUÚsal ds ekè;e ls jk"Vª dks lefiZr fd;k gSA mUgksaus bl ekxZ ij Mcy LVSd ykWUx gkWy daVsuj Vªsu (Double Stack Long Haul Container Train) dks Hkh >aMh fn•kdj jokuk fd;kA
¥ ç/kuea=kh Jh ujsUæ eksnh us dgk fd dqN fnuksa iwoZ bZLVuZ MsfMdsVsM ÚsV dkWfjMksj (bZMh,iQlh) ds U;w HkkÅiqj&ubZ •qtkZ •aM ds 'kqHkkjaHk ds ckn ls ml fo'ks"k •aM esa ekyxkM+h dh vkSlr xfr c
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29 tuojh&2021 N vad 02www.dhyeyaias.com
ŠØÔØ IASmost trusted since 2003
lkFk&lkFk vesfjdh rVksa ls Hkh unkjn gSaA
2016 ds ckn ls esfDldks vkSj 2018 ds ckn
ls dSfyiQksfuZ;k esa dksbZ Hkh luÝykoj&lh
LVkj ugha ns•k x;k gS] tcfd vksjsxu vkSj
okf'kaxVu esa eqêòh Hkj gh luÝykoj lh
LVkj cps gSaA
¥ luÝykoj&lh LVkj (Sunflower Sea Star)
dh mÙkQ fLFkfr dks ns•rs gq, varjkZ"Vªh;
çÑfr laj{k.k la?k (The International
Union For Conservation Of Nature& IUCN)
us bls fØfVdyh ,uMSutMZ (Critically
Endangered) Js.kh esa Mkyk gSA
luÝykoj&lh LVkj (Sunflower Sea Star)
¥ luÝykoj&lh LVkj (Sunflower Sea
Star) dks ikbdksuksiksfM;k gsfy;uFkksbM~l
(Pycnopodia helianthoides) ds uke
ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;g iwokZsÙkj ç'kkar
egklkxj esa ik;k tkus okyk ,d cM+k
leqæh rkjk (sea stars) gSA
¥ luÝykoj&lh LVkj vf/drj leqæh
vfpZu (sea urchins)] DySe (clams)] ?kksa?ks
(snails) vkSj vU; NksVs vd'ks#dh (small
invertebrates) dks Hkkstu ds :i esa viuk
f'kdkj cukrs gSaA
¥ luÝykoj&lh LVkj esa vkerkSj ij 16
ls 24 vax gksrs gSa rFkk budk jax Hkh
fHkUu&fHkUu gksrk gSA oSKkfudksa ds vuqlkj]
2013 ds ckn ls bldh vkcknh esa rsth ls
fxjkoV vkbZ gSA
lll
lll
lsaVªy foLVk izkstsDV07
ppkZ esa D;ksa
¥ gky gh esa lqçhe dksVZ us u, laln Hkou
ds fuekZ.k ls tqM+s lsaVªy foLVk çkstsDV
(Central Vista Project) dks pqukSrh nsus okyh
;kfpdkvksa ij ljdkj ds i{k esa viuk
iQSlyk lquk;k gSA
;kfpdk ls tqM+h tkudkjh
¥ loksZPPk U;k;ky; esa nk;j ;kfpdk esa lsaVªy
foLVk çkstsDV dks nh x;h i;kZoj.k eatwjh
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¥ lkFk gh U;k;ky; us ifj;kstuk ds {ks=k esa
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¥ lsaVªy foLVk çkstsDV ds rgr jk"Vªifr Hkou
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fd;k tkuk gSA lsaVªy foLVk çkstsDV ds rgr
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ds rgr j•k x;k gSA bl u, vkoklh;
ifjlj esa ç/kuea=kh vkSj mijk"Vªifr ds
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ds cSBus dh O;oLFkk ds lkFk Hkfo"; dks
è;ku esa j•rs gq, blesa Hkh txg c
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egRoiw.kZ vH;kl iz'u(eq[; ijh{kk gsrq) 7
ljdkj dh reke dksf'k'kksa ds ckotwn Hkkjr esa ,uhfe;k dh leL;k c
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32 tuojh&2021 N vad 02
02 04 06
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