venus – the queen of greenhouse dmitriy titov max-planck institute for solar system research esac,...
Post on 16-Jan-2016
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Venus – the Queen of Greenhouse
Dmitriy Titov Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research
ESAC, Spain27 April 2010
Temperatures on Mars, Earth and VenusTemperatures on Mars, Earth and Venus
I___ I___ T ~ 500 KT ~ 500 K __I __I
Solar Solar radiationradiation
ThermalThermal
emissionemission
Basics of the greenhouse effectBasics of the greenhouse effect
Wavelength, microns
10 µm0.5 µm 1 µm 5 µm
Absorption bands of the atmospheric gasesAbsorption bands of the atmospheric gases
Greenhouse effect on Greenhouse effect on terrestrial planetsterrestrial planets
Venus – Venus – 500K500K
Mars – Mars – 5K5K
Earth – Earth – 40K40K
Contribution of the atmospheric components to Contribution of the atmospheric components to the greenhouse effect on Venusthe greenhouse effect on Venus
Temperature, K
COCO2 2 – 460K– 460K
HH22O – O – 220K220KClouds – Clouds – 100K100K
H2SO4 Clouds
CO2
H2O
TTeffeff ~250 K ~250 K Ts ~ 750 KTs ~ 750 K
Bullock, 2007
Venus climate perturbations: greenhouse effect and Venus climate perturbations: greenhouse effect and sensitivity to Hsensitivity to H22O and SOO and SO22 variations variations
FFH2OH2O ~ 30 ppm: non-equilibrium wrt escape t ~ few 100 MY ~ 30 ppm: non-equilibrium wrt escape t ~ few 100 MY
FFSO2 SO2 ~ 150 ppm: non-equilibrium wrt surface buffer t ~ 30 My ~ 150 ppm: non-equilibrium wrt surface buffer t ~ 30 My
Both HBoth H22O and SOO and SO22 are cloud forming gases are cloud forming gases
Bullock & Grinspoon, 2001
Water on Earth and VenusWater on Earth and Venus
Similar volatile inventories at originSimilar volatile inventories at origin
Present water amount: HPresent water amount: H22OOVENUSVENUS ~ 10 ~ 10-5-5 H H22OOEARTHEARTH
Deuterium enrichment: (D/H)Deuterium enrichment: (D/H)VENUSVENUS ~ 150 (D/H) ~ 150 (D/H)EARTHEARTH
Water: its properties and role in climate evolution Water: its properties and role in climate evolution
ThermodynamicsThermodynamics
high condensation temperature
existence of all 3 phases at “normal” temperatures
Large reservoirs in the inner Solar SystemLarge reservoirs in the inner Solar System
Strong greenhouse agent in vapour phase Strong greenhouse agent in vapour phase
When liquid – ability to dissolve COWhen liquid – ability to dissolve CO22 followed by its followed by its
convertion to carbonatesconvertion to carbonates
Easy escape to space from the top of the atmosphereEasy escape to space from the top of the atmosphere
Earth-like planet: greenhouse effect and water loss (2)Earth-like planet: greenhouse effect and water loss (2)
Solar flux, Solar flux, W/mW/m22
Ts < 100 C Ts < 100 C Ts ~ 100 C Ts >> 100 C
400400300300 625625
Venus now
Venus now
Runaway Runaway greenhousegreenhouse
Moist Moist greenhousegreenhouse
Ingersoll
Ingers
oll
limit
limit
Earth now
Earth now
Kasting, 1988
Habitability zone in the Solar SystemHabitability zone in the Solar System
MARS EARTH VENUS MERCURY
Distance, AUDistance, AU
1.0 0.72 0.391.52
Runaway greenhouseRunaway greenhouseParadiseParadise
Global Global fridgefridge Greenhouse Greenhouse
bathbath
Plasma environment and Plasma environment and escape processesescape processes
H+, O+, He+
Venus
Earth
top related