01 - introduction - 3 livestock...
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Eco-systems of agricultural landscapesand sustainable land use: Livestock systems
01 - Introduction - 3
Livestock Economics
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Livestock Economics
Species Numbers (million) Biomass (million t)
Cattle & Buffalo 1 496 512
Sheep 1 065 40
Goats 780 27
Camelids 24 8.5
Equines 118 42
Numbers and biomass of domestic animals and humans
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Equines 118 42
Pigs 936 93
Poultry 17 437 33
Humans 6 800 374
Total 755.5
Data Source: FAO 2011 & Author’s calculations
Why do we keep livestock?
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Large quantity but lowdensity of nutrients innatural and agriculturalecosystems
collected by livestock
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
collected by livestock and converted into
small quantity of high nutrientdensity human food
In addition livestock provide
non-food commodities fibres, feathers, hides, skins, horn, bones,manure
services traction, transport,
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
subsistence needsor/and generate income
services traction, transport, riding,leisure activities
socio-economic functions
Furthermore livestock have
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
socio-cultural and religious significance
and livestock have
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
� value adding
� internal expansion
� mobilising production reserves
� enhancing soil fertility
Livestock assist stabilising of cropping systems by
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
� enhancing soil fertility
� nutrient recycling
� energy recovery
Contribution of livestock to total agricultural GDP
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Source: World Bank 2010
Livestock provide 40 to 60 % of the agricultural GDP worldwide and contribute to
� Risk reduction
� Market integration
� Savings function
� Off-farm income
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
� Off-farm income
� Social coherence� Cultural and religious concerns
World map representing the true land area by country
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/ (Map 1)
World map representing the human population size by country
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/ (Map 2)
World map representing annual dairy exports* by country
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Total Land Area
Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/ (Map 45)
* annual US$ worth of net dairy exports per person living in that territory
World map representing annual dairy imports* by country
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
Total Land Area
Source: http://www.worldmapper.org/ (Map 46)
* annual US$ worth of net dairy imports per person living in that territory
References:
FAO 2006: Livestock's long shadow: environmental issues and options.Steinfeld, H.; Gerber, P.; Wassenaar, T.; Castel, V.; Rosales, M.; de Haan, C.FAO, Rome (Italy). Livestock, Environment and Development InitiativeFAO/LEAD Rome (2006) ISBN 978-92-5-105571-7
http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e00.htm
http://www.worldmapper.org/index.html
M.Sc. Integrated Natural Resource ManagementEcology and Sustainable Livestock Systems01 – Introduction – 3Winter Semester 2016/17
Faculty of Life SciencesAlbrecht-Daniel-Thaer Institute for Agricultural
and Horticultural SciencesProf. (retired) Dr. agr. H. J. Schwartz
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