05700974

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2010 In t e rna t iona l Confe rence on Enab l ing Sc ience and Nano techno logy(ESc iNano) ,

1 -3 December, 2010 , KLCC, MALAYSIA

S t u d e n t P a p e r

S t u d y o n Ti 0 2 F i l m f o r D y e - S e ns i t i z ed S o l a r C e l l u s i n g N a t u r a l

D y e sM. A. ____Ah mad * an d N. Na fa riz al

Microelectronic and Nan otechnology - Shamsuddin ResearchCen tre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty ofElectrical and ElectronicEngineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 8 6 4 0 0Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

* Emai l : r i yaz_ahmad@yahoo .com

Dye - sens i t ized so lar ce l l (DSSC) i s a new type of so lar ce l l used to

conve r t so l a r ene rgy in to e l ec t r i c i t y based on the sens i t i za t ion o f w ide

bandgap semiconduc to r s and dyes [1 ] . P rev ious s tudy r epor t ed tha t t he

abso rp t ion spec t rum o f dye moun ted on the su r f ace o f Ti02 , amoun t o f

d y e u s e d i n e l ec t r od e s a n d t h i c k n es s o f t i ta n i um d i o xi d e ( Ti 0 2 ) f i l m

l ay e r a re s o me o f t he i mp or ta nt p ar am et er s t ha t d et er mi ni ng th e

e fi c ie nc y o f t he D S S C [ 2 ,3 ]. B as ic al ly t he i nc re as e i n Ti 02 f i lm

t h i c k n e s s l e a d s t o t h e e n h a n c e m e n t o f c h a rg e r e c o m b i n a t i o n b e t w e e n

t h e i n j ec t e d e l ec t ro n s i n to Ti0 2 c o nd u ct io n b an d a n d o xi d iz ed d y e

molecu le . Th i s i s due to t he low e l ec t ron d r i f t mob i l i t y i n t he Ti02 f i lm[3 ] .

Trans i t i on me ta l compound such a s ru then ium po ly r idy l complexes

w e r e u se d w i d el y a s e f e c t i v e d y e s e n s i t i z er [ 4 ] . H o w e v e r, t h i s t y p e o f

d y e i s e x pe n si ve a n d i n tr od u ce s p u bl ic e nv ir on me nt al a wa re ne ss .

A l t e r n a t i v e l y, p o t e n t i a l n a t u r a l f r u i t s t h a t r i c h i n a n t h o c y a n i n c a n b e

used wi th acceptable e ff ic iency in DSSC. In th is s tudy, na tura l raw dyes

ext rac ted from dra gon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis) and blueberry fruit

(Vaccinium corymbosum) are been used to analyze the dye characterization

and absorp tion p rope r ti e s . In add it i on , t he combina tion be tween Ti02

f i lm and na tu ra l dyes a re i nves t iga t ed fo r DSSC app l i ca t ion .

F i g . 1 s h o w s t h e l i g h t a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r u m f r o m d r a g on f r u i t d y e ,

b l u eb e rr y d y e a n d m i xt u re o f b o th d y e s u s i n g u l tr a v io l e t - v i si b l e

s p e c t r o sc o p y ( U V - Vi s ) . F i g . 1 s h o w s t h a t d r ag o n f ru i t d y e h av e p e a k

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E S c i N a n o 2 0 1 0 - 1 O

absorpt ion a t 53 5nm, the mixture of both dye wi th ra t io of 1 :1 i s a t 53 0

n m w h i l e b l u e b e r r y d y e h a v e p e a k a b s o r p t i o n a t 5 2 5 n m . T h e s e s i m i l a r

a b s or p ti o n c h a ra c t er i s ti c s u g ge s t b o t h d y e s h a ri n g t h e s a m e t y p e o f

an thocyan in .

F u r t h e r d y e c h a r a c t e r i z a ti o n w a s a l s o d o n e u s i n g f o u r i e r t r a n s f o rm

in f ra red ( FTIR) spec t roscopy. F ig . 2 shows bo th dye h av ing ve ry s imi l a r

t r ansmis sion wavenumber spec t rum rang ing f rom 4000 c m - It o 6 0 0 c m - I.

T he b ro ad a bs or pt io n r an ge b et we en 3 20 0 t o 3 40 0 c m - Is ho w t he

c h em i ca l h a ve i n te rm ol e cu la r H -b o nd a n d s h ar p a b so r pt io n b e tw ee n

1 6 0 0 t o 1 7 0 0 c m - Ishows tha t C=O s t r e t ch ing v ib ra t ion i s con juga te . The

s h a rp p e a k a t 1 0 30 t o 1 0 6 0 c m - Ii s C-O-C s t r e t ch ing v ib ra t ion o f e s t e r s

ace t a t e s . F rom th i s r e su l t , we unde r s tood tha t bo th dye sha r ing iden t i ca l

c h e m i c a l c o m p o u n d .

I n a d di t io n , a n i n v es t ig a ti o n w a s c o n ti n ue d t o u n d er s ta n d t h et h i c k n e s s r e s p o n s e o f Ti 0 2 p a s t e w i t h t h e a b o v e d y e . Ti 0 2 p a s t e w e r e

p repa red by b l end ing commerc ia l Ti02 nanopa r t i c l e s o f 0 .5g (S igma -

Ald r i ch ; 634662) wi th Iml n i t r i c ac id so lu t ion added s lowly un t i l fo rm

t h i c k p a s t e w i t h o u t a n y c l o t s . T h e n i t r i c a c i d s o l u t i o n i s p r e p a r e d b y

add ing 1ml o f n i t r i c ac id (~70%) in to 20ml o f DI wa te r. A mag ic t ape

(Scotch tape) was used to form square shape wi th cont ro l led th ickness on

a conduc t ive ITO l aye r wh ich hav ing r e s i s t i v i ty 1 5Q/cm 2. Th i s g l a s s i s

s i n te r ed a t 3 5 0 ° C a t 1 h o u r o n h o t p l a te . A f t e r t h e a n n e al i n g p r o c es s ,

w h e n t h e t e m p e ra t u re d r op s t o 5 0 - 6 0 ° C, t h e c o a t e d g l a s s i s i m m e rge

i n t o n a t u ra l d y e s o l u ti o n a n d l e a ve f o r 2 4 h o u rs . U n d e r t h e p r es e nt o f

ha logen l amp , F ig . 3 shows the va lue o f shee t r e s i s t ance dec rease a s t he

th i ckness o f t he f i lm dec rease . Lower f i lm th i ckness shows p romis ing

h i g he r s h ee t c o n du c ti v i ty a n d e l ec t ro n i n j ec t i on e f f ic i e n cy. F u r th e r

i nv es ti ga ti on s o n l ow er T i0 2 t hi n f il m t hi ck ne ss r es is ta n ce a nd

e f i c i ency wi l l be done and p re sen ted du r ing the confe rence .

A ck no wl ed ge me nt s: T h e a u th o r s w o ul d l i ke t o t h a nk U n iv e rs i ti Tu n

Husse in Onn Malays ia and Minis t ry of Higher Educat ion for suppor t ing

t h i s r e s ea r c h u n d e r t h e G r ad u at e I n ce n ti v e S c h em e ( G I S ) G r a n t a n d

Fundamen ta l Resea rch Gran t Scheme (FRGS) .

ESciNano 2010 -http://www.tke.utm.my/mine/escinan020 1O 978-1-4244-8854-4/10/$26.00

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©2010 IEE E

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E S c i N a n o 2 0 1 0 - 1 O

- 4 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 0

W a v e n u m b e r , c m - 1

2010 In t e rna t iona l Confe rence on Enab l ing Sc ience and Nano techno logy (ESc iNano) ,

1 -3 December, 2010 , KLCC, MALAYSIA

R e f e r e n c e s

1]M. Gratzel. "Dye-sens i t ized so lar ce l l ". J . Photochemis t ry &

Pho tob io logy C 4 (2003) pp . 145

2]K. Tennak one , G .R .R .A. Kumara , A .R . Kumaras inghe , P.M.S i r imanne and K .G.U. Wi jayan tha . "Eff ic ien t photosens i t iza t ion of

nanocrys ta l l ine Ti02 f i lms by tannins and re la ted pheno l ic

subs t ances ". J . Pho tochemis t ry & Pho tob io logy A 91 (1996) pp .

2 1 7 - 2 2 0

3]M.G. Kang, K.S . Ryu, S .H. Ch ang, N.G. Pa rk , J .S . Hon g and KJ . Kim."Dependence of Ti02 f i lm th ickness on photocurrent -vol tage

charac ter i s t ics of dye-sens i t ized so lar ce l l s ". Bul le t in Korean

Chemis t ry Soc ie ty Vo l . 25 (2004) No . 5 pp . 742 - 744

4]K. Wongcharee , V. Meeyoo a nd S . Ch avadej . "Dye-sens i t ized so lar

ce l l us in g na tura l d yes ex t rac ted f rom rose l la and b lue pea f lowers ".

Solar Energy Mater ia l s & Solar Cel l 91 (2007) pp . 566- 571

F ig . 1 . L ig ht ab so rp ti on sp ec tr um of F ig . 2 . T he FT IR re su lt of

d ragon f ru i t and

d r a go n f ru i t, m ix t u re d ye a n d b l u eb e r ry d y e. b l ue b e rr y d ye .

Fig. 3. Sheet resis tance responese

due to Ti02 f i lm th ickness in

present of dragon frui t dye.