1 broadcast and ip? infrastructures and obstacles for reliable delivery

1

Broadcast and IP?

Infrastructures and Obstacles for Reliable Delivery

2

Broadcast Topology

Encoder

Encoder

Encoder

Encoder

MultiplexorLive Feed

Analog Network Feed

Direct Broadcast Satellite

Headend

Cable TV

TerrestrialBroadcast

Modulator

Telecom(ATM, IP, etc)

Automation SubscriberManagement

NetworkManagement

Billing

3

IP Delivery Topology

Encoder

Encoder

BAS

BackboneMiddleware &Services

Ethernet

VODServer

IPEthernet

Internet gateway

Local Servers

Edge Router

NetworkManagement

AgregationNetwork

DSLAM

DSLAM

xDSL

xDSL

xDSL

PSTN gateway

Services IP Switching & Routing Simple Switching

4

It is all about the ARPU

Source: Yankee Group, 2004

5

Cable Telephony

0.0

5.0

10.0

Subscrib

ers in M

illions

2002 2003 2004 2005

Year

US Cable Telephony Lines

Source: In-Stat/MDR

6

UDP Encapsulation

IP Packet

TS TS TS TS TS TS TS

UDP Packet

IP Packet

TS TS TS TS TS TS TS

UDP Packet

ad hoc:

• 7 TS packets per UDP

• TS aligned “nicely”

A Variant:

• TS not aligned

• Variable number of TS packets per UDP

IP Packet

TS TS TS TS

UDP Packet

IP Packet

TS TS TS TS TS TS TS

UDP Packet

Split Packet!

7

Host

Router

Unicast

Host

Router

Multicast

Unicast and Multicast

PIM-SM IGMP

8

Packet transport delay & JitterEffects: Degraded interactivity Increased startup latency

Effects: Increased packet loss Perturbed timebase

9

Packet transport Loss and Mis-Ordering

Effects: Visual or Audio impairment

Effects: Increased interarrival jitter Perturbed timebase

10

Telecom Central Office

VDSL13 Mb/s 1.5 km26 Mb/s 1.0 km50 Mb/s 0.3 km ADSL/ADSL2+

8 Mb/s 2.5 km15 Mb/s 1.6 km24 Mb/s 0.5 km

FTTH1 Gb/s >100 km

Broadband Access Technologies - Standards

Copper is becoming the clear choice for Telcos: Leverage infrastructure, Quick, Large foot print

11

Speeds and Reach

12

Network Performance for Video

10-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

ITU-T Y.1541Voice/Data

BroadcastVideo

Requirement

Typical Network

Today?

13

MPEG Video Compression

RGB Macro BlocksBlocks

Discrete Cosine Transform

YUV

SlicesZigzag Scan

f(x)g(x)

QuantizationEntropy Coding

14

Image Coding Hierarchy

VideoSequence

Group Of Pictures (GOP)

Picture

Slice

4:2:0 Macroblock (MB)

Y Y

YY

CBCR

Group Of Pictures (GOP)

...

…

8x8

H.264

8x8

0

4x8

0 10 12 3

4x48x4

10

0

16x16

0 1

8x16

8x8Modes

MBModes

8x80 12 3

16x8

1

0

15

Response & Tuning

Backbone

Appl Services

VODServer

IPEthernet

Internet

Edge Router

AggregationNetwork

DSLAM

PSTN

Acquire Content• RF Integrity• Decoding• Re-Encoding

Manage Content• Rights Management• PPV• Billing

Voice• Quality• Call Performance• Billing

Data• Throughput• Error• Latency

PerformanceFault RecoveryMaintenance Efficiency

PerformanceFault RecoveryMaintenance EfficiencyMulticastRouting Efficiency

PerformanceMaintenance Efficiency

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But too many knobs!

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Quality ControlBER: 1.2x10-3

Sonet StatusLOS OKAIS OKFEBE ErrorRDI OK

The Real Question:Is all thistruly meaningful??

18

Monitoring - the old way

Human Operator watching TV for errors and anomalies.

What about 500 channels?

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Monitoring Switched Networks

Must have access to the data:

• Use “network tap” (common in IT networks)

• Program a router to “duplicate a port” so that traffic is copied to two places

• Use a switch with a “monitor port” (not common these days?)Monitoring here shows no

traffic.

Some switches have a ‘monitor’ port which will pass all traffic.

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Geography

Tim

e

Multi-axis Preventative Monitoring

Pro

toco

l Le

vel

Serial, RF and Telecom

MPEG Transport

TV & Data Services

Signal Integrity

Service Integrity

Distributed Remote

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Physical RF Signal Performance Spectrum Modulation

Performance Constellation

Display Bit Errors

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MPEG Transport Layer Parameters

Bandwidth by Service

Stat Mux Performance

PCR Jitter

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Content Parameters

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Channel Change Issues

Backbone

Appl Services

VODServer

IPEthernet

Internet

Edge Router

AggregationNetwork

DSLAM

PSTN

SERVER & HEADEND

•VOD Controls•Trick Mode•User

Authentication

NETWORK•Delay•Connection Setup•Location of Multicast

Point•Burst Processing

SET TOP BOX•Command

Processing•Acquire Sync•De-Jitter Buffering•Decoding

Channel Change Delay

LEAVE “Sports”

JOIN “Movie”

IPMulticast Point

Sports Stream Arriving

Movie Stream Arriving

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The I-Frame Blast

Mux

CoreNetwork

QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

Program B

Program A

CHANGE TO Movie!!

“Blast” Server

Movie

Sports

Blast Server

Output Stream

Change!

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Remote Interface with Video View

I

IP, QAM and ASI TS and Videomonitoring and Alarming

Triggered Capture

Alarm andMeasurementLogging

Remote Upgrade

Remote Configuration

Stream back ofVideo and Audio for confidence checking

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Integrated RF, IP and TS Analysis & Monitoring

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Alarm Management & Integration

RF Modulation

Bandwidth

ETR-290

Content Violation

SNMP TRAP

SQL Plug In

Beep

LED

Log EntryDatabase

Other Plug In

Picture Quality

Network Management System

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Geographic Consolidation Collect and

Consolidate Alarms

Management Information System Connectivity

Extensible & Open Platform

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True Service Monitoring

Service Content Validation

Real TimeService Status

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