1 copyright © 2011 by saunders, an imprint of elsevier inc. chapter 1 introduction to nursing...
Post on 22-Dec-2015
215 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
1Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Chapter 1
Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
2Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Introduction to the Course
Introduction of class members Review of syllabus Presentation of class schedule Questions
3Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Class Discussion Questions
What was your reaction when you learned you were required to take a research course?
4Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Class Discussion Questions (cont’d)
What is the value of a research course to you as a nurse?
5Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
What Is Research?
To search again To examine carefully Diligent and systematic inquiry Discovery Goal is to develop an empirical body of
knowledge for a discipline
6Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Definition of Nursing Research
A scientific process that validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences nursing practice.
It is the key to building an evidence-based practice for nursing.
7Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Using Research in Practice
Synthesis of knowledge (research, theory, and clinical experiences)
Effect of philosophy Making a change in practice Evaluation of change for patient, provider,
and health care system
8Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Integrative Review of Research
Critique of studies on a selected topic or practice problem
Development of evidence-based practice guidelines: Example: safe administration of intramuscular
injections• Summarize the findings.• Draw conclusions about what is known or not known
about the topic.
9Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines
Conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values and needs in the delivery of high-quality, cost-effective health care
Synthesis of knowledge for development of guidelines, standards, protocols, or policies to direct nursing interventions and practice
10Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Why Is Research Important for Evidence-Based Practice?
Develops empirical knowledge base Identifies best practices that are based on
clinical practices Improves outcomes for:
Patient and family Nurse Health care system
11Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing Research Provides:
Description Explanation Prediction Control
12Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Description
Identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and the relationships among the phenomena to: Describe what exists in nursing practice. Discover new information. Promote understanding of situations. Classify information for use in the discipline.
13Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Explanation
Clarifying the relationships among phenomena and identifying the reasons why certain events occur
14Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Prediction
Estimating and anticipating the outcomes in a particular situation
15Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Control
Manipulating a situation so as to achieve a particular outcome
16Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Research Participation at Various Levels of Educational Preparation
17Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
BSN Researcher Role
Identify research problems. Assist with data collection. Critique research studies. Summarize research findings for use in
practice.
18Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Class Discussion Question
Why should nurses be excellent consumers of research?
19Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
History of Nursing Research
Nursing research has evolved slowly over the years.
Nursing research began in the 19th century with Florence Nightingale.
Clinical research is the current major focus of nursing research and will continue to be so throughout the 21st century.
20Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Florence Nightingale
Nightingale focused on the importance of a healthy environment for patients.
Aspects of her research included: Ventilation Cleanliness Purity of water Healthy diet
21Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing Research: 1900–1940s
American Journal of Nursing first published in 1900.
Case studies reported in the 1920s and 1930s.
Graduate programs in nursing began in the 1920s.
Research conducted by nurses in the 1940s.
22Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing Research: 1950s
1950—American Nurses Association begins 5-year study of nursing functions and activities.
1952—Nursing Research published BSN and MS nursing programs add research
to their curricula. 1953—Institute for Research and Service in
Nursing Education established by Teacher’s College, Columbia University.
23Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing Research: 1960s
1963—International Journal of Nursing Studies
1967—Image published by Sigma Theta Tau (now titled The Journal of Nursing Scholarship)
24Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing Research: 1970s
1970—ANA Commission on Nursing Research
1972—Council of Nurse Researchers 1978—Advances in Nursing Science 1978—Research in Nursing and Health 1979—Western Journal of Nursing Research
25Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing Research: 1980s
1982–1983—Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing project (CURN)
1983—Annual Review of Nursing Research 1985—National Center for Nursing Research
(NCNR) 1987—Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice 1988—Applied Nursing Research and
Nursing Science Quarterly 1989—Agency for Health Care Policy and
Research (AHCPR)
26Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing Research: 1990s
1992—Clinical Nursing Research 1993—National Institute of Nursing Research
(NINR) 1993—Journal of Nursing Measurement 1994—Qualitative Health Research AHCPR renamed Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (AHRQ). 1999—AACN position statement on nursing
research
27Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing Research: 21st Century
2000—Healthy People 2010 2000—Biological Research for Nursing 2002—Joint Commission revised policies to
support evidence-based care. 2004—Worldviews on Evidence-Based
Nursing
28Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
21st Century
2005—AHRQ guidelines and priorities www.ahrq.gov
2005—NINR priorities www.nih.gov/nin
2006—Revised AACN position statements on nursing research
29Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Ways of Acquiring Knowledgein Nursing
Traditions Authority Borrowing Trial and error
Personal experience
Role modeling Intuition Reasoning
30Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Practice Knowledge Base
Identify two common behaviors used in your practice.
Indicate the knowledge base for these behaviors.
Is your practice based mainly on research or on other types of knowledge?
31Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Nursing Research Methods
Quantitative research Qualitative research Outcomes research
32Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Quantitative Research Methods
Descriptive research Correlational research Quasi-experimental research Experimental research
33Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Quantitative Research Characteristics
Philosophical origin: logical positivism Focus: concise, objective, reductionistic Reasoning: logistic, deductive Basis of knowing: cause-and-effect
relationships Theoretical focus: tests theory
34Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Qualitative Research Methods
Phenomenological research Ground theory research Ethnographic research Historical research Focus groups
35Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Qualitative Research Characteristics
Philosophical origin: naturalistic, interpretive, humanistic
Focus: broad, subjective, holistic Reasoning: dialectic, inductive Basis of knowing: meaning, discovery,
understanding Theoretical focus: theory development
36Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Outcomes Research
Focus of outcomes: Patients and families Providers (nurses, physicians) Health care systems
Outcomes used change practice and develop policy.
top related