1 energy metabolism basics in energy analysis prof. dr. kornelis blok @kornelisblok lecture renesy...
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1
Energy metabolismBasics in energy analysis
Prof. dr. Kornelis Blok@kornelisblok
Lecture RENESYIndustrial Ecology17 September 2015
2
The energy system
Winning ConversionTransportStorage
Distribution
Conversion at the end-
userEnd-use
3
The energy system
Winning ConversionTransportStorage
Distribution
Conversion at the end-
userEnd-use
4
Energy use in world history
Primitive Society Hunting Society Primitive Agricultural Society
Advanced Agricultural Society
Industrial Society Modern Society0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Services Transportation
Industry Household
Food
Per c
apita
ene
rgy
use
(GJ/
year
)
Adapted from Cook, Sci. Am., 1971
5
Variation in energy use per capita
Source: Gruebler et al. 2014 Energy Primer
6
Global energy flows, 2005 Source: Gruebler et al. 2014 Energy Primer
7
8
Source: Gruebler et al. 2014 Energy Primer
9
Global useful demand for energy
Source: Gruebler et al. 2014 Energy Primer
10
Breakdown of household electricity useNetherlands, 2008
11
Breakdown of service sector electricity useTypical office building, NL, ~2005
12
Industrial electricity use
13
Global primary energy supply
Source: Gruebler et al. 2014 Energy Primer
14
Shares of global primary energy use
Source: Gruebler et al. 2014 Energy Primer
15
Development of global energy use
Bron: Ecofys, gebaseerd op Enerdata-gegevens
16
Luminous efficacy of light sources(in lumen per Watt)
0.1 0.5 10 – 18 50 – 80 70 – 200
Bronnen: Tsao en Waide, 2010, The World’s Appetite for LightFabrikanteninformatie.
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050
year
Cok
e de
man
d (M
J/kg
hot
met
al)
Energy efficiency improvements:1760-1800: -1.9% a year1800-1820: -0.2% a year1820-1910: -1.1% a year1910-1920: +0.2% a year1920-1940: -1.4% a year1950-1990: -3.4% a year1760-1990: -1.4% a year
Introduction coke fired blast furnaces
Steam engines
Hot blast
Radical changes in shape and design
Larger hearth furnaces
Closed top furnaceUse of richer ores
Ore
Higher blast
Development of energy use iron production(MJ cokes per kg ijzer)
Bron: J. de Beer, Proefschrift, Universiteit Utrecht, 1998
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Ecorunner: 3500 km per liter-eq.
19
Efficiency of cars in the EU
Source: Faberi et al., 2015
20
Ontwikkeling elektriciteitsgebruik in grote EU- landen en Japan
Bron: Ecofys, gebaseerd op Enerdata-gegevens
21
Energy use and GDP
Source: Gruebler et al. 2014 Energy Primer
22
Production and consumption of crude oil
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2015
23
Crude oil prices
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2015
24
Energy prices(money of the day)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
ener
gy
pri
ce (
US
$/G
J)
Crude oil Brent
LNG Japan
Natural gas EU
Natural gas US
Coal NW-Europe
Coal US Central
Source: based on BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2012Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2015
25
Share of new renewables power
New = All,excluding hydropower
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2015
© ECOFYS | |
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Fina
l ene
rgy
(EJ/
a)
NuclearCoalNatural gasOilBio: AlgaeBio: CropsBio: Comp.Fellings*Bio: TraditionalBio: Resid.&WasteHydropowerGeo: HeatGeo: ElectricitySolar thermalConc. solar: HeatConc. solar: PowerPhotovoltaic solarWave & TidalWind: Off-shoreWind: On-shoreSource: Ecofys
A 2050 sustainable energy perspective
Source: Ecofys/WWF, The Energy Report, 2011
27
Contact
Prof. dr. Kornelis BlokChair of Energy Systems AnalysisFaculty Technology, Policy and ManagementJaffalaan 5, Room B3.0602628 BX DelftThe NetherlandsE-mail: k.blok@tudelft.nlphone: +31-15-27 85751mobile: +31-6-558 667 36
Twitter: @kornelisblok
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