1 is6600 - 11 green it. 2 introduction what kind of image does “green it” bring to mind?...

1

IS6600 - 11

Green IT

2

Introduction What kind of image does “green IT” bring to

mind?– Minimise negative environmental impact?– Maximise energy and algorithmic efficiency?– Maximise product lifetime?– Promote recyclability / biodegradability?– Minimise CO2 emissions?– Carbon calculators, emissions, footprints?

3

Motives Why are organisations bothering to do

this? – Economic incentives?– Moral incentives?

Who cares?– Shareholders?– Customers / Consumers?– Governments?

Are there hidden agendas here?– Or simply preparations for future legislation?

4

Positive Consequences of Green IT Practices

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Reduce powerconsumption

Lower costs

Lower carbon emissionsand environmental

impact

Improved systemsperformance

Space savings

Responses (%)

Murugesan, 2008

5

Existing Green Work Practices

Telecommuting (work from home) Virtual teams (work across space and time) Videoconferencing (not travelling to meetings) Email (not sending letters) Paper-less or free offices! (no printers) Reduced electrical power consumption in

new PCs, servers, data centres Use of low energy peripherals

– LCDs use less power than CRT monitors Cloud computing (share resources)

6

Telecommuting Working at home

– AT&T increased the number of sales people working from home; 15-20% more time with customers, saving US$550M.

– IBM saved US$100M in one US unit through telecommuting.

– Perkin-Elmer encouraged telecommuting and shut 35 branch offices altogether.

– Air conditioning (hot and cold) and lighting account for 70% of a building’s energy consumption.

But, it only makes a major difference if corporate offices get smaller or disappear. If the office is unused/empty, there is less effect.

7

Virtual Teams Are characterised by

– Distributed members (city, region, country)– Longitudinal tasks (days to months)– A strong need for Collaboration, Cooperation &

Control But not all people like to work like this – and

not all organisations permit such work Further, there can be serious barriers to

effective virtual team work

8

Humans Prefer Proximity…

Biologically we are coded for it Food tastes better when eaten with others Our blood pressure rises and heart beat

quickens when close to others We conform more when with others than

when alone Social habits are often group related –

cohesive groups sit together, socialise, …

9

MRO’s Regional Software Sales

Sales Managers & Executives spread around the SE Asia / Greater China Region

Living in one place, but responsible for a broad area (e.g. TW+HK+MO+HI or SG+MY or GD)

No office space provided – work from home, road, i-café, hotel, airport, …

Boss is in Shanghai – see him once a year, or less.

Colleagues, data, information are ‘virtually there’ with Lotus SameTime or MS Groove.

10

MRO – It Works, but… Success depends on

– The right technology, people, attitude Success involves

– A new style of work, thinking, sense of responsibility Success is measured with

– Results, sales … not hours or seniority A successful culture has to be created and

maintained So, it can be green, but green may not be for

everyone

11

Technology Support

Globally accessible web-based resources– eRoom, SameTime, Groove, GSS, Wiki, IM,…

Audio & Video Conferencing Email; EDI: Electronic Data Interchange IOS: Interorganisational Systems e.g.

TradeLink connecting trading clients with:– Banks, insurance, govt depts, trade agents, port

authorities, customs & excise, shipping companies, etc

12

Technology CSFs Speed of connection (inc. bandwidth) Freedom of access to information

– Internet censorship of key public resources Functionality and Ease of Use Security, Privacy and Integrity Adapting the technology to fit the team’s

needs– Are we using the technology as planned by its

designers, or are we adapting it, and how effective is it in consequence?

13

What Plans are in the Pipeline?

IBM reports that “leading companies are beginning to capture & report energy, water, waste and GHG emissions information” so as to:– Discover what information is needed, at what frequency,

and in whose hands – so as to drive change.– Ensure that the right investments are being made to meet

long-term commitments IBM suggests that “smarter” companies will track this

kind of information on a daily, real-time basis and send it to "smarter" people who are trained and rewarded to drive continuous improvement.

14

Green SigmaTM: IBM’s Own Strategy

http://www.greensigma.org/ – “the adaption of Lean Six Sigma to

environmental and climate protection”– “The Green Sigma™ Dashboard for Energy

proactively monitors KPI data, alerts and trends, and enables drill-down analysis…”

– “The Green Sigma™ Dashboard for Water monitors KPI data, alerts and trends to drive Water related benefits”

15

GreenSigmaTM Energy Dashboard

16

Water Reduction Challenge

Reduce water consumption to reduce operating cost and minimize environmental impact

Leverage end-to-end data acquisition, storage and visualization techniques to monitor water usage and improve efficiency

Approach Water usage broken down by process and managed through key

process indicators Implement data collection and storage infrastructure: sensors, IT

network and servers Statistical process control techniques used to continually analyze

vast amounts of operational data and present information in efficient, concise interface

17

Power Consumption Power to run applications

– Day to day use in the office Power to create computer components

– Electricity used in the manufacturing process

Power to run office systems– Air-conditioning, lighting, lifts, etc.

18

Algorithmic Efficiency An efficient computer programme will get the work

done quicker and with less power consumption than an inefficient programme

When you run a search on Google, you are instructing Google’s servers to process some code – which requires power and generates CO2.– One estimate from Harvard put this at 7g of CO2 per

search– Google thinks only 0.2g CO2 per search.– Whatever, but think how many searches there are per

day!!! 1 tonne = 1 million grammes

19

Product Longevity The power needed to manufacture all of the

components in a computer is considerable Gartner estimates that it can be 70% of the

total power use in a product’s lifetime! So, extending the life of a product means

that the same power lasts longer Upgrading a component consumes much

less power than buying a new product

20

Product Disposal & Recyclability

New, more efficient products are nice, but what about the cost of disposing the old product?

About 65% of all computers made worldwide in the next five years will be disposed in landfills.

The UN Environment Program (www.unep.org) estimates that 50 million tons of e-waste are generated worldwide each year.

This e-waste is often exported– to less developed countries in Asia and West Africa where

environmental legislation is less strict

21

End-of-Life Product Management

Keep old electronic products out of the domestic/municipal waste sector

Encourage reuse of components while there is still value– This constitutes a reverse supply chain (RSC)– But it is complex to determine the value of the

bits and pieces in this RSC Refurbishment and reuse? Dismantle and recycle as spare parts? Dispose?

22

RSCTake back Programme

Collection Centre

Reutilisation Centre

Collection Centre

Take back programme

Products at end of lease or life, or never used

Remanufacture Products

Dismantle for Service Parts

Recycle Components

Disposal

Demand for parts

23

Xerox Many green initiatives

– Reduce, reuse, recycle When an old photocopier is replaced, all

reusable parts are reused in the same customer’s new photocopier

Toner cartridges always reused– Did you notice that CityU encourages recycling

of toner cartridges? In future, no toner cartridges at all – solid ink

sticks instead!

24

Carbon: Emissions, Calculators, Footprints

Power consumption is the primary source of CO2 from IT use.

However, IT-supported communications, meetings, etc. mean that people don’t need to travel – so IT use can contribute to CO2 emission reduction from cars, trains, planes.

Zero CO2 is impossible – after all, we breathe it out! But CO2 can be reduced.

25

Carbon Footprint The total amount/weight of CO2 caused by

an organization, event, product or person There are various ways to calculate a

carbon footprint – and there are standard metrics for specific fuels and products

The greenest power sources are: nuclear, hydroelectric and wind– But they are not zero – CO2 is still needed to

create the power sources in the first place.– And all three have their own hazards.

26

Calculating a Carbon Footprint

There are many tools that you can use to calculate carbon footprints

Here are a few examples of tools – and reports about carbon footprint data– http://

www.co2list.info/topics/category/footprint%20calculator– http

://www.wwf.org.hk/en/news/press_release/?2560/WWF-Reveals-the-Latest-Carbon-Footprint-Data

– http://www.climateers.org/eng/contents/climateer_calculator.php

27

Green Politics & GreenWash

There are hundreds of business and government ‘initiatives’

Few have been implemented, and few have measurable targets

This is called “Greenwash” (think of ‘brainwash’)

28

Green Initiatives EnergyStar is one initiative in the US

– Products can be labelled if they are certified as low power consuming devices

In the EU, the Ecolabel is found Others include the FSC (for paper),

MSC for seafood In Hong Kong, the Energy Label

from the EMSD of HK Govt

29

IBM Initiatives http://

www.ibm.com/ibm/responsibility/2013/supply-chain/index.html

IBM has 18,000 suppliers in ~100 countries– IBM cannot control the behaviour of its

suppliers, but it can choose to buy from suppliers which are green

30

Industry Initiatives The Climate Savers Computing Initiative

(WWF) aims to reduce the electric power consumption of PCs in active and inactive states

The Green Electronics Council offers the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool to assist in the purchase of "greener" computing systems.

The Green Grid is a global consortium dedicated to advancing energy efficiency in data centres and business computing ecosystems.

31

Climate Savers Computing Initiative

Typically PCs waste up to 50% of power used – as heat; 30-40% for servers.

Better power management can dramatically reduce electricity bills – and reduce carbon emissions

90% efficiency is targetted by CSCI and Energy Star

32

Your Green Future? Enabling a low carbon economy Reducing CO2 emissions Environmentally friendly (or less unfriendly)

applications– Domestic, industrial, government

Propose a Green Technology Strategy for some aspect of Hong Kong life – (6 slides max)

Be creative, bold and set strict (but achievable) targets)

Focus on technology please!!!