1. john adams was elected second president in 1796 ......french foreign minister charles maurice de...
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1. John Adams was elected second
president in 1796 & Thomas Jefferson
elected vice-pres.
In the this election there were 138
Electoral Votes cast… for President and
138 for Vice President; There was NO
distinction between the votes.
Therefore, more than half of 138 was
needed to become the next
President… 70 ELECTORAL VOTES!
Adams
NomineeJohn
Adams
Thomas
Jefferson
Thomas
Pinckney
Aaron
Burr
Sam
Adams
Oliver
Ellsworth
George
Clinton
John
Jay
James
Iradell
John
Henry
Samuel
Johnston
George
Washington
Charles
Cotesworth
Pinckney
Party FedDem-
RepFed
Dem-
Rep
Dem-
RepFed
Dem-
RepFed Fed Fed Fed N/A Fed
Home
StateMA VA SC NY MA Conn NY NY NC MD NC VA SC
Electoral
Vote
71 68 59 30 15 11 7 5 3 2 2 2 1
States
Carried9 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
President… 70 ELECTORAL VOTES!
Jefferson RESA America in a Changing World
The Jay Treaty - compensated England’s with
prewar debt & to hear claims for captured American
vessels (BUT captured slaves would not be
returned).
American Issues with Great Britain:
� Britain was still occupying a number of forts in
the Great Lakes region.
� American merchants wanted compensation for
250 ships confiscated during 1793–94.
� Southerners wanted compensation for the slaves
the British had taken from them during the
Revolution.
� Merchants wanted the British West Indies
reopened to American trade.
� The boundary with Canada was too vague and
needed delineation.
� The British were believed to be aggravating
Results of the Treaty:� British agreed to vacate the six western
forts by June 1796
� Compensate American ship owners (the
British paid $10,345,200 by 1802)
� United States gave most favored nation
trading status to Britain
1a. Jay Treaty.
� The British were believed to be aggravating
Native-American attacks on settlers in the West.
John Jay
trading status to Britain
� US agreed to British anti-French
maritime policies
� US guaranteed the payment of private
prewar debts owed by Americans to British
merchants that could not be collected in
U.S. courts (the U.S. paid £600,000 in 1802)
Jay dropped the issue of
compensation for slaves,
which angered Southern
slave owners. Jay was
also unsuccessful in
negotiating an end to the
“impressment” of
American sailors into the
Royal Navy
Is this Treaty the action/s of
a “Neutral” Nation?
1b. XYZ Affair & the Alien Sedition Acts.X,Y & Z were Jean Conrad Hottinguer (X),
Pierre Bellamy (Y) and Lucien Hauteval (Z);
They were French representatives working for
the Foreign Minister that demanded
concessions from the U.S. as a condition for
negotiations. The concessions included 50,000
pounds sterling, a $10 million loan from the
United States, a $250,000 personal bribe to the
French foreign minister Charles Maurice de
Talleyrand.
The American commission to
Marshall
CC Pinckney
1. The Naturalization Act
In retaliation to the XYZ
Affair the Federalist
dominated U.S.
Congress passed four
bills into law in 1798…
those laws were…
Ignite Learning: XYZ Affair
The American commission to
France, sent in March of
1797, consisted of Charles
Cotesworth Pinckney, John
Marshall, and Elbridge
Gerry…GerryTalleyrand
1. The Naturalization Act
2. The Alien Friends Act
3. The Alien Enemies Act
4. The Sedition Act
Adams Movie: Talleyrand Letter
To “PROTECT” the nation GW comes out of
retirement but writes a letter asking for Hamilton to
be the “first” General in command under him?
1. The Naturalization Act
extended the duration of
residence required for
aliens to become citizens to
14 years. Enacted June 18,
1798, with no expiration
date, it was repealed in
3. The Alien Enemies Act authorized
the president to apprehend and
deport resident aliens if their home
countries were at war with the United
States of America. Enacted July 6,
1798, and providing no sunset
provision, the act remains intact
today as 50 U.S.C. § 21–24. At the
time, war was considered likely
between the U.S. and France.
The Alien
Sedition
Acts
United States Congress (5th):� 138 Members Total
� 34 Senate (22 Fed & 12 Dem-Rep)
� 106 House of Reps (57 Fed & 49 Dem-Rep)
2. The Alien Friends Act authorized
the president to deport any resident
alien considered "dangerous to the
peace and safety of the United
States." It was enacted June 25,
1798, with a two year expiration
date.
date, it was repealed in
1802.48 Dem-Rep4. The Sedition Act made
it a crime to publish "false,
scandalous, and malicious
writing" against the
government or its officials.
It was enacted July 14,
1798, with an expiration
date of March 3, 1801.
John Adams Movie: TJ & Adams Debate (2:46)
The
Patriot
Act?
1c. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions. Thomas Jefferson’’s statement in the Kentucky
Resolution… “Resolved, that the several States
composing the United States of America, are
not united on the principle of unlimited
submission to their general government; but
that by compact under the style and title of a
Constitution for the United States and of
amendments thereto, they constituted a
general government for special purposes,
delegated to that government certain definite
powers, reserving each State to itself, the
residuary mass of right to their own self-
government; and that whensoever the general
government assumes undelegated powers, its
acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force:
Null or VOID?
Madison & Jefferson argued that the
Alien and Sedition Laws are…
James Madison… considered the
PBS Jefferson’s Reply to the Alien Sedition Laws (3 mins)
The Tenth Amendment: “The powers not
delegated to the United States by the
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States,
are reserved to the States respectively, or to the
people.”
acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force:
That to this compact each State acceded as a
State, and is an integral party, its co-States
forming, as to itself, the other party....each
party has an equal right to judge for itself, as
well of infractions as of the mode and measure
of redress.”
James Madison
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison… considered the
“Father” of the US Constitution and
creator of the “Bill of Rights.”
Jefferson wrote the
Kentucky Resolution
(above); Madison
wrote the Virginia
Resolution.
1d. Quasi War with FranceCauses & Escalation
of the Quasi War:� Political Parties in US…
Federalists promoted this
hatred toward France
�The French Revolution
�The Jay Treaty
� Capturing of US ships
� XYZ Affair
� USS Constellation
captured the French ship
USS Constellation
The Quasi War is also known
as the Franco-American War
U.S. President John Adams
sent a commission composed
of William Vans Murray, Oliver
Ellsworth, and William
Richardson Davie to negotiate
at the Convention of 1800
(also known as the Treaty of
Treaty of Mortefontaine ). The
Treaty was signed on
September 30, 1800 and was
ratified by both countries on
Quasi… a combining form
meaning “resembling,”
“having some, but not all
of the features of,” used in
the formation of
compound words: quasi-
definition; quasi-
monopoly; quasi-official;
quasi-scientific.
The Hunchback
of Notre Dame’s
name was
actually
Quasimodo; it’s
Latin translation
means “almost
made.”
captured the French ship
the L'Insurgente
� Alien and Sedition Acts
as the Franco-American War
or the Undeclared War with
France…
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
John Adams
ratified by both countries on
December 21, 1801. This
ended the Quasi War.
2. Election of 1800: Party Changeover…
Republicans gained control of the presidency.
Thomas Jefferson became president & Aaron
Burr the vice-president. *Twelfth Amendment
was passed, allowing electors to cast separate
ballots for president & vice-president.
United States Congress (6th):� 138 Members Total
� 32 Senate (21 Fed & 11 Dem-Rep)
� 106 House of Reps (56 Fed & 49 Dem-Rep;
1 vacant seat) Jefferson is "by far not so dangerous a
man" as Burr; in short, I would rather
TJ
1803
Hamilton-Burr
Duel
Adams Movie: TJ confronts Adams
about Congress decision on
Election.
United States Congress (7th):� 138 Members Total
� 32 Senate (14 Fed & 18 Dem-Rep)
� 106 House of Reps (41 Fed & 64
Dem-Rep; 3 vacant seats)
NomineeThomas
JeffersonAaron Burr
John
Adams
Charles
Cotesworth
Pinckney
John
Jay
Party Dem-Rep Dem-Rep Fed Fed Fed
Home
StateVA NY MA SC NY
Electoral
Vote73 73 65 64 1
States
Carried8 0 7 0 0
man" as Burr; in short, I would rather
have someone with wrong principles
than someone devoid of any.[
HamiltonBurr
3. Supreme Court Case in 1803, Marbury vs. Madison:
a. John Adams’ appointment of the “Mid-Night
Judges”.
b. Jefferson takes over office with 42
appointments for judges made by former
president Adams.
c. Problem occurred when one of the
appointments, William Marbury, accuses the new
Sec. Of State, James Madison, of not delivering
the appointments.
d. Marbury took Madison to court.
Marbury
Decision- Chief Justice John Marshall persuades
the justices to rule that the Judiciary Act of 1789
was in conflict to the Constitution, therefore the
Supreme Court could not rule on this case. The
case established the principle of judicial review,
that it judges the law.
Chief Justice
John Marshall
Associate Justices
William Cushing · William Paterson
Samuel Chase · Bushrod Washington
Alfred Moore
Madison
Power to declare law
UNCONSTITUTIONAL!
3. Expeditions open up new routes to the West.
a. The “Discovery Expedition” led by
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark…
Meriwether Lewis
William Clark
Sacajawea
Traveling the Columbia
River
Fort Mandan Recreation
Keel Boat Replica
Fort Clatsop Replica (1955)
Crossing the Rocky Mountains
Clip Part 1
(8:53)
Clip Part 2
(7:49)
Lewis & Clark Song (3:31)
3b. The Louisiana Purchase: Napoleon
Bonaparte, of France, gained control of the
Louisiana Territory from Spain (Haiti Revolt
significant to the sale…). Jefferson purchases
the area, on behalf of the U.S., for $15 million.
Constitution did not stipulate the president
may purchase the land, Jefferson uses a loose
interpretation (or implied powers) to purchase
the land. The importance of the purchase was
that it…
(1) Doubled the size of the U.S.
(2) Allowed the U.S. to gain control (2) Allowed the U.S. to gain control
of the Port of New Orleans.
(3) Provided more mineral resources.
(4) Allowed for the ability to settle
the lands West of the Mississippi.
Haitian Revolt
NapoleonToussaint
L'OuvertureRobert
Livingston
Pike’s Expedition is
considered equal in
importance to that of
Lewis & Clark’s BUT
of the American
Southwest!
3c. Zebulon Pike’s expedition of the
American southwest in 1805.
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