1. lte uu interface protocol stack
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LTE Air Interface &Signaling A-Z
Workshop
Prepared by: Ramy KhalilNA NPS Department
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Contents
1- LTE Uu interface protocol Stack
2- LTE Physical layer Basic concepts and processing procedures
3- LTE Signaling procedures and UE initialization flow
4- LTE Typical signaling procedures
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Contents
1- LTE Uu interface protocol Stack
LTE Protocol stack Introduction
NAS, RRC, PDCP, RLC & MAC Functions
Signal processing in PHY layer
OFDM & SC-FDMA overview
MIMO Introduction.
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Introduction
eNB
UE
E-UTRA
1.4MHz, 3MHz,5MHz, 10MHz,15MHz, 20MHz
Uu
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Introduction
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UE
PDN-GW
E-UTRAN EPC
MME
S-GW
eNB
S1-MME
S1-U
S5/S8
S11
LTE Control Plane and User Plane
NAS ControlPlane
RRCControlPlane
User
Plane
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User plan Protocol stack
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DL & UL Data processing of User Plan
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DL & UL Signaling processing ofControl Plan
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Contents
1- LTE Uu interface protocol Stack
LTE Protocol stack Introduction
NAS, RRC, PDCP, RLC MAC Functions
Signal processing in PHY layer
OFDM & SC-FDMA overview
MIMO Introduction.
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NAS Signaling
UE eNB
MME
EMM (EPS MobilityManagement)
ESM (EPS SessionManagement)
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NAS EMM and ESM ProceduresEMM Procedures ESM Procedures
Attach Default EPS Bearer Context Activation
Detach Dedicated EPS Bearer Context Activation
Tracking Area Update EPS Bearer Context Modification
Service Request EPS Bearer Context Deactivation
Extended Service Request UE Requested PDN Connectivity
GUTI Reallocation UE Requested PDN Disconnect
Authentication UE Requested Bearer Resource Allocation
Identification UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification
Security Mode Control ESM Information Request
EMM Status ESM Status
EMM Information
NAS Transport
Paging
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Radio Resource Control
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RRC States
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RRC Signaling Radio Bearer
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eNB
RLC
MAC
PHY
PDCP
RRC
NAS Signaling
Control Plane
EncryptionIntegrity Checking
User PlaneIP Header CompressionEncryption
Sequencing and Duplicate Detection
Packet Data Convergence Protocol
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IP Header Compression
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Radio Link Control
eNB
RLC
MAC
PHY
PDCP
RRC
NAS Signaling
TM (Transparent Mode)
UM (Unacknowledged Mode)
AM (Acknowledged Mode)Segmentation and Re-assembly
Concatenation
Error Correction
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Transmission Modes
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AM Use ARQ
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Concatenation & Segmentation
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Medium Access Control
eNB
RLC
MAC
PHY
PDCP
RRC
NAS Signaling
Channel Mapping and Multiplexing
Error Correction - HARQ
QoS Based Scheduling
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Scheduling
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Scheduling strategies
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TB, TTI & Transmission Format
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HARQ
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If receiver demodulate Receiver will combine
The data in error, it will retransmitted data
Save the data and and initial data. If
Feedback NACK correct, receiver would
feedback ACK.
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ARQ vs. HARQ
ARQ
Implemented at RLC LayerSlow Retransmission
Not optimized for Radio Interference
HARQ
Not New used in HSPA and HSPA+Implemented at MAC and PHY Layers
Fast RetransmissionOptimized for Radio Interference
Improved system efficiency
eNBUE
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LTE Channels
RLC
MAC
PHY
LogicalChannels
Transport
Channels
Physical
Channels Radio
Channel
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LTE Release 8 Transport Channels
BCH
eNBUE
PCH
DL-SCH
RACH
UL-SCH
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Physical Layer
eNB
RLC
MAC
PHY
PDCP
RRC
NAS Signaling
Error Detection
FEC Encoding/Decoding
Rate Matching
Mapping of Physical Channels
Power WeightingModulation and Demodulation
Frequency and Time Synchronization
Radio Measurements
MIMO Processing
Transmit DiversityBeamforming
RF Processing
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Contents
1- LTE Uu interface protocol Stack
LTE Protocol stack Introduction
NAS, RRC, PDCP, RLC & MAC Functions
Signal processing in PHY layer
OFDM & SC-FDMA overview
MIMO Introduction.
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LTE Transport Channel Processing
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Transport Block CRC
CRC
CalculateCRC
Transport Block
Transport Block
Transmitter
Possible radiointerface errors
CRCTransport Block
CalculateCRC
CRC
Compare
Receiver
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Code Block CRC Attachment andSegmentation
CRCTransport Block
Transport Block CRC
CRC
Code Block #1 Code Block #2 Code Block #3
Code Block CRCFiller Bits
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Channel CodingTransport Channel Coding Options
Transport Channel Coding Method Rate
DL-SCH
Turbo Coding 1/3UL-SCH
PCH
MCH
BCH Tail Biting Convolutional Coding 1/3
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Rate Matching
dk(1)
dk(0)
dk(2)
Sub-block
Interleaver
Sub-block
Interleaver
Sub-block
Interleaver
vk(1)
vk(0)
vk(2)
Bit
Collection
wk
Virtual
Circular
Buffer
Bit Selection
and Pruning
ek
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AntennaPorts
OFDM Signal Generation
Codewords
Scrambling
Scrambling
ModulationMapper
Modulation
MapperLayer
Mapper Precoding
Layers
Resource
ElementMapper
Resource
ElementMapper
OFDMSignal
Generation
OFDMSignal
Generation
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Scrambling
eNB eNB
PRB PRB
F1 F1
Interference
NoScrambling
PRB PRB
LessInterference
Cell RNTI
specificscrambling
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The scrambling feature statistically improves the interference by scrambling the
information with a scrambling code based on the physical cell ID and RNTI.
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Modulation Mapper
I
Q
1-1
1
-1
0
1
I
Q
1-1
1
-1
00
01
10
11
I
Q
1 3-1-3
1
3
-1
-3
0000 0010
0001 0011
0100 0110
0101 0111
1000
1001
1100
1101
1010
1011
1110
1111
BPSK QPSK 16QAM
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64 QAM Modulation Mapper
I
Q
1 3 5 7-1-3-5-7
1
3
5
7
-1
-3
-5
-7
000011 000001 001001 001011
000010 000000 001000 001010
000110 000100 001100 001110
000111 000101 001101 001111
010011 010001 011001 011011
010010 010000 011000 011010
010110 010100 011100 011110
010111 010101 011101 011111
100011
100010
100110
100111
110011
110010
110110
110111
100001
100000
100100
100101
110001
110000
110100
110101
101001
101000
101100
101101
111001
111000
111100
111101
101011
101010
101110
101111
111011
111010
111110
111111
64QAM
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Codeword, Layer and Antenna PortMapping
1 Layer 2 Layers 3 Layers 4 Layers
1 1 2 1
Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4
2 2 2 21 1
Codeword
1, 2 or 4
AntennaPorts
2 or 4
AntennaPorts
4 Antenna
Ports
4 AntennaPorts
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Contents
1- LTE Uu interface protocol Stack
LTE Protocol stack Introduction
NAS, RRC, PDCP, RLC & MAC Functions
Signal processing in PHY layer
OFDM SC-FDMA Overview
MIMO Introduction.
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O (O h leneral Revision
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OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiple Access)
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eneral Revision
OFDM is a type of Multi-Carrier Transmission.
OFDM is a special case of FDM Technology.
It is a way of FDM but with the condition of orthogonality
OFDM is the DL Accessing Technique for LTE.
Think About the benefi ts?
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Frequency Division Multiplexing
Frequency
Guard Band
Channel
Bandwidth
Subcarrier
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OFDM Subcarriers
Frequency
Channel
Bandwidth
OrthogonalSubcarriers
Centre SubcarrierNot Orthogonal
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Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
Coded
Bits
Serial
to
Parallel
Subcarrier
Modulation
IFFT
Inverse FastFourier
Transform
RF
Complex
Waveform
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FFT
Fast Fourier
Transform
Fast Fourier Transform
Receiver
Subcarrier
Demodulation
CodedBits
Parallelto
Serial
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OFDM Symbol Mapping
Time
Frequency
Amplitude
OFDM
Symbol
Cyclic
Prefix
Modulated
OFDM
Symbol
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Inter Symbol Interference
1stReceivedSignal Delayed
Signal
Interference
Caused
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OFDM & SC-FDMA
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OFDM
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OFDMPeak to Average Power Ratio
Amplitude
Time
OFDM
Symbol
PAPR (Peak to AveragePower Ratio) Issue
Peak
Average
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Contents
1- LTE Uu interface protocol Stack
LTE Protocol stack Introduction
RRC, PDCP, RLC & MAC Functions
Signal processing in PHY layer
OFDM & SC-FDMA overview
MIMO Introduction
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MIMO Historical Overview
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Overview
Multi antenna systems is the use of multiple receive and/or transmit antennas
If one transmitting and many receiving, is called SIMO(single input multi output)
If many transmitting and one receiving, is called MISO(multi input single output)
If many transmitting and many receiving, is called MIMO(multi input multi output)
Multi antenna techniques are used to increase system performance including
capacity, coverage, QoS.
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Benefit of MIMO
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MIMO Channel Model
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MIMO Modes
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UL MIMO Technology
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Beam Forming
The idea of beam forming is to direct the antenna
radiation pattern towards a certain group of users in a
certain place
This is done by multiplying by a certain pre-codingMatrix calculated from user feedback about the channel
spatial characteristics
Beam Forming increases the SINR and decreases theinterference
It is not used till now in any operator
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MIMO Transmission modes
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Adaptive MIMO scheme
CQI, RI & PMI
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