1 mutual learning programme: „renewed procedures for employing migrant workers with the emphasis...
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1
MUTUAL LEARNING PROGRAMME:
„Renewed procedures for employing migrant workers with the emphasis on favouring highly-
qualified labour“
TALLIN, ESTONIA, 11-12 May 2009
MILADA HORÁKOVÁ
CZECH REPUBLICMAY 2009
2
Labour Market Situation in the CR After accession of the CR into the EU the CR economy
experienced significant growth (6.5% per annum); In 2008 GDP increased by 3.2 %. GDP per capita in 2008
reached 82% of the EU 27 value; Czech economy has the highest share of secondary sector
employment on total employment in the entire EU27 (40.3 %) (manufacturing 28.2 %, construction 9.3 %) in IV.Q.2008 ;
An atypical structure of the CR employment: self-employed made 16.6 % of total employment in 1Q 2009; from some points of view it is easier to be self-employed than an employee;
Long-term and repeated unemployment is the most significant problem; 35 % of all unemployed in I.Q.2009;
The CR economy is predominantly oriented on export. The employment rate of the age group 15-64 yrs was 66.8 % in
4Q 2008;
3
Latest Economic Development
In the period IQ 2008 – IQ 2009, the CR GDP decreased by 3.4 %. It was the largest fall of GDP in the history of the independent Czech Republic since 1993;
It was due to unfavourable situation especially in manufacturing which for months has been facing sales crisis for months mostly in external markets;
Exports and imports of goods and services felt about 20 % because of the foreign demand decline.
Total employment decreased from IQ 2008 to IQ 2009 by 11 600 (-1.1%);
A significant decrease of vacancies in secondary sector (building industry from 28.4% to 20.6%; processing industry from 24.3% to 17.8 %);
A significant decreases in vacancies occurred (about 95 900 between March 2008 and March 2009)) in all professions, especially for unqualified workers, but also for qualified workers, craftsmen and qualified manufactures;
4
Labour Migration and Residence Permits Developments
The share of foreigners on population increased from 2.5 % up to 4.2 % in period 2004-2008;
The share of legally registered foreigners on the CR labour market increased in the same period from 3.3 % to 6.4 % of the labour force;
Number of residence permit holders slightly increased between December 2008 and April 2009 (+ 5 569);
Employment of foreigners decreased from 361 709 in December 2008 to 340 769 in March 2009 (- 20 940);
Number of foreigners registered at labour offices decreased in the same period from 284 551 to 261 271 (-23 280), on the contrary, number of foreigners holding trade licence slightly increased (+2 340);
Number of work permit holders decreased from 128 934 to 114 809 (-14 125); number of non EU nationals with non mandatory work permits increased from 14 516 to 14 818 (+302); number of Slovak citizens decreased from 100 233 to 93 346 (- 6 887); number of other EU citizens decreased from 40 868 to 38 298 (-2 570);
5
How to Identify and Attract Highly Skilled Migrant Workers?
Is it necessary? Labour migrants in the CR ere often over-skilled or over-qualified compared to requirements of their employers;
Provide equal conditions for migrant workers as for local ones;
Do not block mobility of migrant workers at the labour market;
Give migrant workers an opportunity to search for jobs without personal agencies or clients;
Advertise new system of green cards; Use information technologies in process of
brokering work places;
6
How can Member States best respond to current crisis and changes in demand to balance their labour markets? Are more restrictive approaches appropriate towards migrant workers? How could the qualified foreign labour be effectively used for recovering economic crises and reviving the EU economy?
Keep level of employment for as long as possible; use more restrictive instruments for new work migrants only;
Keep work migrants who are already integrated; Create new jobs in under-saturated sectors such as health care or
social care, even though they are not well paid; Create atypical new work places induced by local needs (for local
communities, both firms and individuals); Combine financial means for new work places from different
resources: e.g. unpaid unemployment benefits plus financial support of recipients to be provided, plus ESF funds;
Modify qualification and skills of unemployed and integrated migrant workers to respond better to changing labour market needs;
Simplify the process of validation of migrant workers’ education; Support flexibility and mobility of migrant workers at labour market. Build infrastructure for mobile workers and their families; Balance economic and social politics; Simplify self-employment and other form of entrepreneurial activities;
7
Migrant Workers’ Impact on Host Labour Markets- Meeting Labour Market Needs and Conditions
Increase of total employment in receiving country;
Better balance of supply and demand on labour markets;
Competition of migrant workers pushes wages down; clashes between local and foreign labour could happen;
The unemployment of specific groups could increase (low educated and unskilled);
The work condition could deteriorate because foreigners often accept worst work conditions.
8
How Is the Current Economic Crisis Affecting Migration Flows/Migrants Already Employed in Member States and Long Term Migration Trends?
Long-term migration trends are only slightly affected so far; Short-term labour migrations trends are affected; reduction of migrant
workers registered at labour offices occurred (mostly employees), slight increase of self-employed foreigners working on a basis of trade licence has been observed;
Stop new migration. Migrations have inertia and policies react with delays;
Vacancies’ decrease is significant. The economic crisis hit mostly unskilled and low-skilled people, including migrant workers who were employed in unskilled position;
Keep already integrated immigrants and help them to search for new jobs;
Help to those who lost their jobs to acquire new skills or reorient their education and skills;
Help them to prove their qualification and skills and certificate them; Adopt flexible work time; Use all instruments of active employment policy;
9
Population DevelopmentMID-YEAR POPULATION DEVELOPMENT
10 3
30 6
07
10 3
36 1
62
10 3
30 7
59
10 3
15 3
53
10 3
03 6
42
10 2
94 9
43
10 2
82 7
84
10 2
72 5
03
10 2
24 1
92
10 2
00 7
74
10 2
01 6
51
10 2
06 9
23
10 2
34 0
92
10 2
66 6
46
10 3
22 6
89
10 4
29 6
92
10 050 000
10 100 000
10 150 000
10 200 000
10 250 000
10 300 000
10 350 000
10 400 000
10 450 000
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Czech Statistical Office, 2009
10
GDP development
Published: 27.3. 2009 The data are valid as of the release date of the publication. © Czech Statistical Office, 2009.
11
Contributions to the GDP Growth
Published: 27.3. 2009 The data are valid as of the release date of the publication.© Czech Statistical Office, 2009.
13
Registered Unemployment and Vacancies Development
Source: Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs ( MoLSA) graph Milada Horáková
050 000
100 000150 000200 000250 000300 000350 000400 000450 000500 000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4
2007 2008 2009
Unemployment Vacancies
14
Unemployment Rate DevelopmentJanuary 2008 - April 2009
MONTHLY UNEMPLOYMENT RATE DEVELOPMENT 2008 - 2009
0,01,02,03,04,05,06,07,08,09,0
Janu
ary
Feb
ruar
y
Mar
ch
Apr
il
May
June
July
Aug
ust
Sep
tem
ber
Oct
ober
Nov
embe
r
Dec
embe
r
Janu
ary
Feb
ruar
y
May
Apr
il
%
Source: Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs ( MoLSA) graph Milada Horáková
15
Shares of vacancies by selected sectors
0,0
5,0
10,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
30,0
Agr
icul
ture
, ga
me
keep
ing,
for
estr
y
Pro
cess
ing
indu
stry
Bui
ldin
g in
ndus
try
Tra
de;
repa
irs
ofm
otor
veh
icle
s an
dpr
oduc
ts f
orpe
rson
al n
eeds
Acc
omod
atio
n an
dB
oard
Tra
nspo
rt,
stor
age
and
tele
com
unic
atio
nas
Age
ncy
in r
eal
esta
te a
nd le
ase;
corp
orat
e ac
tiviti
es
othe
rs
%
As at 31 December 2008 As at March 2009
Vacancies by Selected Sectors December 2008 versus March 2009
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
16
Vacancies by Employees Groups
Vacancies by employees groups
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
35 000
KZ
AM
1 L
eg
isla
tors
, su
pe
rvis
ors
and
ma
nag
ers
KZ
AM
2 S
cie
ntif
ic a
nd
pro
fess
ion
al k
no
wle
dg
e
KZ
AM
3 T
ech
nic
al h
ea
lth c
are
and
pe
da
go
gic
al w
ork
ers
KZ
AM
4 L
ow
er
ad
min
istr
ativ
ew
ork
ers
KZ
AM
5 O
pe
ratin
g p
ers
onn
el i
nse
rvic
e a
nd
tra
de
KZ
AM
6 Q
ua
lifie
d w
ork
ers
ina
gru
icu
lture
and
fo
rest
ry
KZ
AM
7 C
raft
sme
n a
nd
qu
alif
ied
ma
nu
fact
ure
s
KZ
AM
8 O
pe
rato
rs o
f m
ach
ine
rya
nd
eq
uip
me
nt
KZ
AM
9 L
ab
ore
rs a
nd
unq
ualif
ied
wo
rke
rs
status as at 31 December 2008 status as at 31 January 2009 status as at 28 February 2009 status as at March 2009
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
17
Foreigners Registered at Labour Offices and Registered Unemployed Persons in March 2009
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
KZAM 1Legislators,
supervisors andmanagers
KZAM 2 Scientificand professional
knowledge
KZAM 3 Technicalhealth care and
pedagogicalworkers
KZAM 4 Loweradministrative
workers
KZAM 5Operating
personnel inservice and trade
KZAM 6 Qualifiedworkers in
agruiculture andforestry
KZAM 7Craftsmen and
qualifiedmanufactures
KZAM 8Operators of
machinery andequipment
foreigners registered at labour offices registered unemployed persons
18
Employed Foreigners Registered at Labour Offices and Registered Unemployed Persons by Employees Groups KZAM
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
Foreigners registered at labour offices by employee groups KZAM
7 08
4 19 4
52
19 4
78
8 53
4
13 4
83
2 59
3
68 7
75
49 7
38
7 25
8 19 5
68
19 1
08
8 50
3
13 5
48
2 67
3
59 2
48
40 8
56
94 9
05
90 3
17
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
KZAM 1Legislators,supervisors
and managers
KZAM 2Scientific andprofessionalknowledge
KZAM 3Technical
health careand
pedagogicalworkers
KZAM 4 Loweradministrative
workers
KZAM 5Operating
personnel inservice and
trade
KZAM 6Qualified
workers inagruicultureand forestry
KZAM 7Craftsmen and
qualifiedmanufactures
KZAM 8Operators of
machinery andequipment
KZAM 9Laborers andunqualified
workers
December 31 2008 March 31 2009
19
69 0
76
23 7
94
19 8
46
9 1
19
8 7
46
7 2
67
7 9
09
65 5
21
23 6
38
17 5
85
10 7
06
8 4
89
7 5
86
6 9
53
102 9
22
84 9
66
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
Pro
cess
ing i
ndust
ry
Buildin
g i
ndust
ry
Tra
de;
repair
s of
moto
r vehic
les
and
pro
duct
s fo
rpers
onal
needs
Sci
ence
, re
searc
h,
tech
nolo
gy
Agency
in r
eal
est
ate
and l
ease
;co
rpora
te a
ctiv
itie
s
Adm
inis
trati
ve
suport
ing a
ctiv
itie
s
Info
rmati
on a
nd
tele
com
munic
ati
ons
Tra
nsp
ort
, st
ora
ge
December 31 2008 March 31 2009
Foreigners Registered at Labour Offices by Main Sectors
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
20
Labour Market Development and Employment of Foreigners
Labour market development in a context of foreigners' employment as at December 31
0,02,04,06,08,0
10,012,014,016,0
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
30.
6.
2008
2009
31.
3.
Share of foreigners at labour force of the CR in %
Registered unemployment rate in %
Number of job aplicants per 1 vacancy
Source: MLSA (Ministry for labour and Social Affair), MIT (Ministry of Industry and Trade), calculations and graph Milada Horáková
21
Employment of Foreigners and Residence Permits Development
Source: Directory of Alien and Border Police Ministry of Interior (DABP-MI), Group of Analyses); MoLSA, MIT, calculations and graph Milada Horáková
050000
100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000500000
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Marc
h2009
resident permit holders employment of foreigners
22
Development of Labour Migration Structure
Source: MoLSA, MIT, graph Milada Horáková
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
300 000
350 000
400 00019
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
Marc
h 2
009
foreigners registered at labour offices trade licence holderstotal employment of foreigners
23
Latest Development of Labour Migration Structure
128 9
34
14 5
16
100 2
33
40 8
68
77 1
58
114 8
09
14 8
18
93 3
46
38 2
98
79 4
98
361 7
09
340 7
69
0
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
300 000
350 000
400 000
valid workpermits
third countrynationals
registered atlabour office
who need notwork permit
SR ciztizensregistered atlabour office
otherEU/EEA/Swiss
citizens(without SR)
trade licenceholders
totalemployment offoreigners in
the CR
31.12.2008 31.3.2009
Source: MoLSA, MIT, graph Milada Horáková
24
EU Nationals at the CR Labour Market
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
31.3
.200
9
Slovakia Poland Bulgaria Germany Romnaia United Kingdom
Source: MoLSA, MIT, graph Milada Horáková
25
Source: MoLSA, MIT, graph Milada Horáková
Non EU Nationals at the CR Labour Market
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
31.3
.2009
Ukrajine
Vietnam
Mongolia
Moldavia
Russia
Uzbekistan
USA
26
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
VI.
08
VII
.08
VII
I.08
IX.0
8
X.0
8
XI.
08
XII
.08
I.09
II.0
9
III.
09
IV.0
9
EU/EEA/ Swiss citizens
third countries nationals
Source: Unpublished data created by Information “OK system” of MoLSA for the purpose of Peer Review at 18.5.2009
Unemployed Foreigners Registered at Labour Offices
27
Employment of Foreigners and Residence Permits Development
050 000
100 000150 000200 000250 000300 000350 000400 000450 000500 000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 march
total employment of foreigners total resident permit holders
Source: Directorate of Alien Police MoI, MoLSA, MIT, graph Milada Horáková
28
Share of Resident Permit Holders on the CR Population
THE SHARE OF RESIDENT PERMIT HOLDERS ON THE CR POPULATION IN PER CENT
(as at December 31)
00,5
11,5
22,5
33,5
44,5
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
%
Share of resident permit holders on population
Share of long-term resident permit holders and visa over 90 days on population of the CR
Share of total resident permit holders on population of the CR
Source: Directorate of Alien Police MoI, RILSA, graph Milada Horáková
29
Resident Permit Holders Development
31 072
32 468
38 557
45 837
56 281
63 919
66 754
66 891
69 816
75 249
80 844
99 467
110 598
139 185
158 018
172 927
173 807
174 365
174 837
175 020
46 070
71 230
120 060
152 767
153 516
155 836
162 108
134 060
140 978
156 359
159 577
154 827
167 714
182 271
234 069
265 374
267 898
268 329
268 431
268 850
0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 000 400 000 450 000 500 000
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
J anuary 2009
February 2009
March 2009
April 2009
cizinci s povolením k trvalému pobytu v ČR/permanent resident permit holders
cizinci s povolením k dlouhodobému pobytu a s vízem nad 90 dnů/ long-term residet permit holders and visa over 90 days
Source: Directorate of Alien Police MoI, RILSA, graph Milada Horáková
30
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
Attained and Required Education of non EU Nationals Registered at Labour Offices
ATTAINED AND REQUIRED EDUCATION WORK PERMITS HOLDERS FROM THIRD COUNTRIES
December 31 2008
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
no
ed
uca
tio
n
inco
mp
lete
ba
sic
ba
sic
low
er
vo
cati
on
al
low
er
mid
dle
low
er
mid
dle
vo
cati
on
al
mid
dle
vo
cati
on
al
wit
hLe
av
ing
Vo
cati
on
al
Ce
rtifi
cate
mid
dle
or
mid
dle
vo
cati
on
al
wit
ho
ut
Lea
vin
g C
ert
ifik
ate
gra
mm
er
sch
oo
l
com
ple
te m
idd
lev
oca
tio
na
l w
ith
LV
C a
nd
LAC
com
ple
te m
idd
lev
oca
tio
na
l w
ith
LA
C
bu
tv
ith
ou
t LV
C
up
pe
r v
oca
tio
na
l
un
ive
rsit
y (
ba
che
lor)
un
ive
rsit
y (
ma
ste
rs)
do
cto
rate
un
spe
cifi
ed
educational attainment required education
31Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
ATTAI NED AND REQUI RED EDUCATI ON OF THE EU NATI ONALS December 2008
05 000
10 00015 00020 00025 00030 00035 00040 00045 00050 000
no
ed
uca
tio
n
inco
mp
lete
ba
sic
ba
sic
low
er
vo
cati
on
al
low
er
mid
dle
low
er
mid
dle
vo
cati
on
al
mid
dle
vo
cati
on
al
wit
hLe
av
ing
Vo
cati
on
al
Ce
rtifi
cate
mid
dle
or
mid
dle
vo
cati
on
al
wit
ho
ut
Lea
vin
g C
ert
ifik
ate
gra
mm
er
sch
oo
l
com
ple
te m
idd
lev
oca
tio
na
l w
ith
LV
C a
nd
LAC
com
ple
te m
idd
lev
oca
tio
na
l w
ith
LA
C
bu
tv
ith
ou
t LV
C
up
pe
r v
oca
tio
na
l
un
ive
rsit
y (
ba
che
lor)
un
ive
rsit
y (
ma
ste
rs)
do
cto
rate
un
spe
cifi
ed
educational attainment required education
Attained and Required Education of the EU Nationals Registered at Labour Offices
32Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
REQUIRED EDUCATION OF FOREIGNERS REGISTERED AT LABOUR OFFICES December 31 2008
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
no e
duca
tion
inco
mple
te b
asi
c
basi
c lo
wer
voca
tional
low
er
mid
dle
low
er
mid
dle
voca
tional
mid
dle
voca
tional
wit
hLe
avin
g V
oca
tional
Cert
ifica
te
mid
dle
or
mid
dle
voca
tional
wit
hout
Leavin
g C
ert
ifikate
gra
mm
er
school
com
ple
te m
iddle
voca
tional
wit
h L
VC
and
LAC
com
ple
te m
iddle
voca
tional
wit
h L
AC
but
vit
hout
LVC
upper
voca
tional
univ
ers
ity (
bach
elo
r)
univ
ers
ity (
mast
ers
)
doct
ora
te
unsp
eci
fied
EU/EHP REGISTRATION WORK PERMITS
Required Education of the EU and non EU Nationals Registered at Labour Offices
33
Work Permit Holders Registered at Labour Offices by Age
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
Work permit holders by age 31.12.2008
51%
21%
0% 0%3%
2%
23% -19
20 - 24
25 - 39
40 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 +
34
EU/EEA/Swiss Citizens Registered at Labour Offices by Age
Source: MoLSA, graph Milada Horáková
EU/EEA/Swiss citizens registered at labour offices 31.12.2008
50%
15%
27%
0%1%2%
5%
-19
20 - 24
25 - 39
40 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 +
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