1 r. saiju under the supervision of s. heier, university of kassel isolated grid with micro-hydro...

1

R. Saiju

under the supervision of

S. Heier, University of Kassel

Isolated Grid with Micro-Hydro Power Plant , PV System and

Diesel Genset as Back up System

Agenda

Aims

New HPS Possibility

Models

Control Structure

Conclusion

Aims of the Research Work

Exploring possibilities to develop new HPS without batteries

For that following models has been developed

PV Plant Diesel generator Plant Micro-Hydro Power Plant HPS – PV+Micro-Hydro

Implementation of Hybrid Power System (HPS) model to develop, test and verify new control strategies

Development of new hardware prototype using micro-controller, test and verify

New HPS without battery

W ater flow fromthe river

W aterturbine SM

Voltage-frequencycontroller

W aterR eservo ir

3~

ASM

frequencycontroller

DieselTank

Load Managem ent Unit

ET

SgridPf

W f

W L

fgrid

V grid

PW

fgridVgrid

PD

PowerC ontro ller

M C B

C B

VfieldP D

PW Vfield

Ppv

Ppvref

Vpv

H ybrid Power SystemSystem Layout

E

IsolatedG rid

Formation of mini-grid AC-Coupled

Expandable: Possible to connect other sources like WTG, Loads

Modular: with same control structure

State variables formationby micro-hydro

Suitability

The new concept is suitable for the developing, mauntainous countries

Focus country: Nepal

Remote area:

No road access, No grid connection, small rivers available, and sufficient radiation through out the year, specially in dry winter season

For example: 1000 W/m2 nearly 300 days/ year

Some Remote Areas

Present Micro-Hydro

Example: Khani Khola Micro-Hydro Village Electrification Project

Maximum discharge in Jan: 390 lpsAverage Discharge: 151.03 lpsDesigned discharge: 113 lps

Installed Capacity: 18 kWNo. of electrified Houses: 219

Frequency controller: Electronic Load Controller (No water flow regulation)It means the rural electrification is only focused where water flow is more than requirement.

Advantages from new philosophy

Possible to electrify villages where water

discharge is not much high

Utilisation of maximum solar energy which is

available nearly 300 days/year

Possible to avoid expansive and complicated

battery system

Guarantee of electricity with help of diesel genset

Models

Micro Hydro Power Plant

PV Power Plant

Diesel Genset

HPS-PV+Micro-Hydro

Micro-Hydro Power Plant

Voltage control through AVRFrequency control through water regulation12

13

81.9

15

11.0

6.0

)(100****

smg

mH

smQ

WattsgHQPwater

Results

PV Power Plant

Control System1:

Grid load comparison with available solar Irradiation,

Voltage guard (If grid voltage is less then lower Level, PV system is disconnected.)

Capacity: 10 kW

Inside PV System

Results

For constant load and increasing irradiation

Diesel Genset

Due to low cost, robust construction 3 phase induction

generator is used in diesel genset.A capacitor is used to excite the generator at no load

condition.Mathematical representation

111

111

111

111

dd

dq

qd

dd

dt

dIRU

dt

dIRU

dt

dIR

dt

dIR

qq

dd

2'

2'

2'

2'

2'

2'

0

0

2'

111

2'

111

qhqd

dhdd

ILIL

ILIL

12'

2'

2'

12'

2'

2'

qhqq

dhdd

ILIL

ILIL

2'

2'

2'

2' ... qddqel IIpM

2'

2'

1

1

2

2

1

1

2'

2'

1

1

*

'00

0'0

00

00

q

d

q

d

h

h

h

h

q

d

q

d

I

I

I

I

LL

LL

LL

LL

Isolated Operation

hc Lj

UICjUI

00. hh LfL

C22 2

11

recc III NLC -> LC ->

Results.. Showing behaviour of system

Fig. 1: Ramp Load Increment

For given constant capacitor voltage collapse.

Fig. 2: Voltage establishment by increasing capacitor.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Isolated Grid, PV-Micro-Hydro System

In this model, diesel genset is to be integrated. Synchronous generator runs at no load , if diesel genset has to deliver power in absence of sufficient water flow.

Results

S ta rt

Iso la tedG rid

D ynam icsP w

S g rid P f

P P

P D

Isfg rid> f ref

?

R educe P D andcheck f g rid up to

P D = 0

R educe P P andcheck f g rid up to

P P = 0

R educe P W andcheck f g rid up to

P W = P w_nl

D o no t s to reW ate r

S to re the av a ilab lew a te r

W L< W m axIs

?

IsP D> 0

?

IsP P> 0

?

IsP W > 0

?

N oY es

Y es

N o

Y es

N o

Y es

N o

Y es

Isfg rid> f ref

?

N o

IsW f< W av

?

N o

IsW L> W m in

?

Y es

O pen therese rv o ir v a lv e

inc rease P W

S ta rt the d iese lgense t ID = Ie

N o

Increase thew a te r flow and P w

P D

fg rid V g rid

P W

IsVg rid> V ref

?

IsVg rid< V ref

?

D ecrease thefie ld cu rren t

Inc rease thefie ld cu rren t

P g rid Q g rid

P Q

N o

Y es

N o

Y es Y es

P W

Control Structure for Microcontroller System

Conclusion

Such HPS explores the possibility to electrify remote areas using

locally available renewable energy sources

System is economical and compact due to absence of batteries

Simulation models show good results and it is possible to develop

hardware system based upon this model