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1
Relationship between Social Securityand the development of the Labour Market in
Vietnam
Berlin, dated 9th October 2012
Relationship between Social Securityand the development of the Labour Market in
Vietnam
Presented by: Presented by:
Dr. Bui Sy TuanDr. Bui Sy TuanInstitute of Labor Science and Social Affairs, Ministry of Labor Invalids Institute of Labor Science and Social Affairs, Ministry of Labor Invalids and Social Affairs of Vietnamand Social Affairs of Vietnam
3
I. OVERVIEW OF SOCIAL SECURITY OF VIETNAM
II. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SECURITY AND LABOUR
MARKET IN VIETNAM
III. CHALLENGES
Content
Part I: OVERVIEW OF SOCIAL SECURITY OF VIETNAM
Social security: 3 pillars/components
Labor market (Training, job matching, credit, labour export)
Insurance (social insurance, health insurance, unemployement insurance, crop
insurance)
Social assistance (cash transfer, poverty
reduction, social services)
Regard to the polices on “labour market”
There are 3 components as: (i)support to access education and vocational training system, to agriculture, forestry extension services or supports for self – employment; (ii) support to access to the labour market information and; (iii) support for accessing accredit for job generation, or production expansion, or shifting to other business/ production with higher productivity or better income.
Regard to the policies on "social insurance"
This is the risk mitigation measures that are most effective for people. Insurance policies are considered as the "backbone" of social security because it creates long-term stability of the social security system. All “expenditures” of benefits are mobilized from the "contribution" of insured entities (people, businesses, and partial from the State budget)- Compulsory social insurance;- Voluntary social insurance;- Unemployment insurance;- Health Insurance
Regard to policies on "social assistance":
This is the risk mitigation interventions that support people so that they do not fall into impoverishment. The beneficiaries of these policies are mostly vulnerable groups, the poor; therefore the responsibility of ensuring social security belongs to the State.
Social support is classified into two groups as regular assistance and emergency assistance
Part II: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SECURITY AND LABOUR
MARKET IN VIETNAM
Social Security
Active Labour Market(Training, job matching,
credit, labour export)
Passive Labour Market(Social insurance
and Social assistance)
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL SECURITY AND LABOUR MARKET IN VIETNAM
Social security in active labour market
More than 20 credit policies for vulnerable: poor, students, SME
enterprises
National Employment Promotion fund since 1992, creating
300,000 jobs annually
Since 2009: Vocational Training program, to support 1 million rural
workers annually
Credit policies to support 63 poorest districts on labour export
program
Increasing labour market information
Social Insurance
• Social security Law (2006): 3 types: Compulsory, voluntary & unemployment benefits• Beneficiaries from 3 schemes increased very fast: 9,6 mill, accounting for 20% of total labor force • In 2010, about 13% of retired people received pension
Health Insurance
•Health insurance Law (1/7/2009) aiming at universal coverage in 2014: • Gov support full/part support for poor, near poor, ethnic minority, farmer.. • Large investment in building heath care infrastructure•By 2010: Cover 65% of population (50% are vulnerable)
Social assistance
•2 program: Regular assistance and emergency • Regular: Decision 13/2010/NĐ-CP: cover 12 widely proportion of
population (beneficiaries increased from 416.000 (2005) to ,6 mill (2010). •Poverty reduction program: (i) increase accessibility to basic social
services; (ii) increase production capacities (land, credits.. ) and labor export; (iii) building up basic infrastructure in poorest districts
•Poverty line: 1.6-2$/day and update with CPI increase•Program to support 63 poorest districts
Overall assessment
Achievements: -State always paid attention on building and implementing the social security policies.-The legal system and social security policy is increasingly supplemented and perfected. The coverage of policies have been more and more expanded, the level of benefits raised for many schemes.-Resources for implementing social welfare policies are financed with contribution from the state budget and other social actors..The above results have contributed to the stabilization of the labor market, providing job security for workers, especially the poor, low-income workers, the unemployed, the workers of vulnerable groups, improving the quality of human resources, especially in the mountainous and ethnic minority areas.
Overall assessment
Weaknesses: - Job creation and poverty reduction is not sustainable, high percentage of poor and near - poor households falling back into poverty; - The quality of education and training fails to meet the development requirements; progresses of universal education results in many mountainous areas, ethnic minority areas took place in slowly; - Quality of protection and health care services has not met the demands of the people, especially the poor, people in remote areas, ethnic minority areas; - Rate of child malnutrition is high and the reduction took place slowly; - Low coverage of social insurance, health insurance. The difference in social welfare progress indicators between mountainous and ethnic minorities with the national average level is still great.
Overall assessment
Causes
- Still a poor country, resulting from sever war consequences and frequent
natural disasters that caused great damages.
- Social security policies have been slowly adjusted to be in line with the
economic policies.
Absence of effective measures to narrow the gaps in living standard and
social welfare status between regions;
- poor enforcement policies and legislation; low efficiency of coordination
between ministries and localities in practicing and function the state
management.
- Inspection and monitoring has not been taken seriously and strictly in many
provinces.
- Resources for implementing social welfare policies is still limited, mainly
from on the state budget; the resources mobilized from society is limited
Part III: CHALLENGES
• GDP growth stable >> Vietnam aims at becoming a middle-income country by 2020;
• Entering a period of Demographic bonus but also Aging population;
• Potential deficit of current Social Security Fund . • More dynamic labour market development: Moving from
rural to urban, agriculture to non agriculture; labour export require more flexible and portable social security policies.
• Support to people to cope with adverse social impacts from International economic integration
• International concept and initiative on Social Protection Floor for all.
Country context for 2012-2020
• Universal, all persons have the right to be safeguarded from social protection and have access to social protection system;
• Solidarity, means the linkage, support, sharing between individuals, between social groups and state;
• Equitability and sustainability, binding responsibilities and benefits, between contribution and benefits;
• Promoting responsibility of individuals, families and communities in ensuring the social protection;
• Special supports to the poor, vulnerable groups to ensure the minimum subsistence living level in case of risks that cause temporary or forever loss or reduction of income.
Key Principles of Social Security for year 2013-2020
• Overall objective: to gradually expand the coverage and participation of people in social security system; by 2020, basically ensuring that all people get access to and benefit from social security policies; ensuring minimum living standard for the people, contributing to sustainable poverty reduction, political and social stabilization.
• Targets: include all people, priorities are given to vulnerable groups, including the poor; people living in remote, mountainous and ethnic minority areas; workers in rural areas and informal sector; unemployed workers; the disabled; children; old-age and sick people; those affected by natural calamities, economic and social risks.
Ojective and Targets
Hanoi, 19 April 22
Main targets TT Indicators 2015 2020
1 Participation in health insurance (millions) 91,7 96,2
Of which: Fully subsidized 29,4 25,5
Partly subsidized 36,9 38,7
- Coverage rate by health insurance ( %) 80,0 90,0
2 Participation in social insurance (millions) 20,2 28,4
- Compulsory (formal sector) 16,0 22,0
- Voluntary (informal sector) 4,2 6,4
- Coverage of total labor force (%) 38,4 51,8
Hanoi, 19 April 23
Main targets (cont.)
IN
Indicators 2015 2020
3- Participate in Unemployment scheme
(million)10,0 15,7
Coverage of total labor force (%) 19,01 28,64
4 Paticipation in social assistance schemes
(million) 2,0 2,3
of which: Regular assistance 1,70 1,80
- Coverage % of population 2,2 2,4
of which, coverage of regular assistance, 1,9 1,9
Hanoi, 19 April 24
Policy measure 1: Support better job and income for vulnerable and poor
• Increasing accessibility to vocational training • Increasing labour shift from rural to non rural sector• Better policies to support mobility, especially for
rural migrants• Public work program for rural and poor• Credit policies for labour export program• Increasing labour market information and job
replacement services
Hanoi, 19 April 25
Policy measure 2: Increase coverage of social insurance
• Better implementation for formal sector• Increase associability to vulnerable groups: (i) Pilot partly
subsidized contribution for farmers to participate in crop/ agriculture insurance; (ii) creating incentive for informal sector to participate in voluntary social insurance; (iii) Pilot support voluntary social insurance program for the working poor with partly subsidized by Government
• Increase financial sustainability of Pension fund: Gradually transfer from PAYGO into the NDC financial mode
• Pilot the social pension for the elderly
Hanoi, 19 April 26
Policy Measure 3: Towards Universal coverage of health insurance and quality of health sector
Health insurance:• More incentive to target to the rest of 40% of population have not
been covered• Enhance accessibility, quality of services; • Better and more benefits to the eligible
Health care sector• Pricing model for services; • Build standard treatment procedures • Gradually withdraw from assistance projects by 2020• Enhance infrastructure, human resource of health sector.
Hanoi, 19 April 27
Policy Measure 4: Increase coverage and better targeting of social assistance
• Increase the coverage: 2-3% of population • Ensuring minimum living standard for the people, political
and social stabilization. • Pilot cash transfer to hard-core poor; children and elderly• New government program to support poor, social target
groups• Public Private Partnership in providing social services,
specially in rural, • Mainstreaming gender in designing and financing SP
assistance program • Increase accessibility of urban migrants to social services
Concerns to be sharedConcerns to be shared
1. Common languages on Social protection at International and national levels:
2. Initiative on Social Protection Floor for all and Road map for universal targeting: building Government Donor Partnership on implementation of strategy ;
3. Policy to support special groups: Cash transfer for hard core poor; conditional cash transfer for the children from poor HH to go school;
4. Community based schemes: Pilot Community Development Fund, Community Disaster prevention Fund;
5. Strategy for participation of informal sector in voluntary social insurance schemes:
Thanks for your attentionThanks for your attention
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