1. review of reproductive biology 2. pollination ecology on the function of flowers -precise...

1. Review of reproductive biology

2. Pollination Ecology

On the Function of Flowers

-precise placement-outcrossing-pollination syndromes

-variation in flowers -life cycle

Figure 38.2 Review of an idealized flower

Figure 38.3a Trillium

Figure 38.3f Sagittaria: staminate flowers (left), carpellate flowers (right)

Figure 38.3ex Begonia, a monoecious species

Figure 38.3d2 Aloe

Figure 38.3b Lupines

1. Review of reproductive biology

2. Pollination Ecology

On the Function of Flowers

-precise placement-outcrossing-pollination syndromes

-variation in flowers -life cycle

Figure 38.1 Simplified overview of angiosperm life cycle

Figure 38.3ax2 Lily

Figure 38.4 The development of angiosperm gametophytes (pollen and embryo sacs)

Dispersed Pollen Grain

Generative Cell

Tube Cell

Pollen Coat

4 Microspores

Figure 38.5 Pollen grains have tough, ornate, and distinctive walls

Figure 38.3ax1 Lily

Cross Section of an Ovary

One ovule just after meiosis

Figure 38.4 The development of angiosperm gametophytes (pollen and embryo sacs)

Mature female gametophyte

Egg

Four-nuclear female gametophyte after two mitotic divisions of the megaspore)

Figure 38.9 Growth of the pollen tube and double fertilization

Figure 38.10 The development of a dicot plant embryo

http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/bio181/BIOBK/BioBookflowersII.html

Figure 30.17 The life cycle of an angiosperm

1. Review of reproductive biology

2. Pollination Ecology

On the Function of Flowers

-precise placement-outcrossing-pollination syndromes

-life cycle -variation in flowers

1. Review of reproductive biology

2. Pollination Ecology

On the Function of Flowers

-precise placement-outcrossing-pollination syndromes

-life cycle -variation in flowers

Three paths for pollen flow: selfing: 1. Within flower 2. Between flowers 3. outcrossing (between plants)

Red Maple Flowers

staminate

pistillate

Figure 38.3e Maize, a monoecious species

syndromes

Foxgloves and outcrossing

Figure 38.3bx1 Foxglove

Female zone

Male zone

Bees fly up

Then start over at the bottom

Three components to outcrossing in foxglove1. Young flowers are male, old are female2. Young flowers are nearer the top3. Bees fly up.

1. Review of reproductive biology

2. Pollination Ecology

On the Function of Flowers

-precise placement-outcrossing-pollination syndromes

-life cycle -variation in flowers

-pollination syndromes

Hummingbird --

-long tube-red color-abundant nectar- no odor- no landing

-pollination syndromes

Bat --

-abundant pollen-white or drab color-abundant nectar- good odor- strong landing

Banana (Musa), pollinatedby bats, dispersed by monkeys

-pollination syndromes

Sphinx Moth --

-long tube-white color-abundant nectar- exquisite odor (periodic)- landing

Angraecum (Orchidaceae)

-pollination syndromes

Carrion insect --

-contrasting light and dark pattern-brown-purple color-no nectar- foul odor

1. Review of reproductive biology

2. Pollination Ecology

On the Function of Flowers

-precise placement-outcrossing-pollination syndromes

-life cycle -variation in flowers