11. transportation in animals and plants by dilip kumar chandra

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TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN A COUNTRYA COUNTRY

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Living things both plants and animals including man need a transport system

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TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN ANIMALSANIMALS

� We need TRANSPORT when

• 2 cells are far away from each other

• materials needed to be moved from

one place to another place.

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TRANSPORTATION IN TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALSANIMALS

All organisms need food, water and oxygen for All organisms need food, water and oxygen for survivalsurvival

So they need to transport all these.So they need to transport all these.Wastes also to be transported.Wastes also to be transported.The system carrying on this function is called The system carrying on this function is called

circulatory systemcirculatory system..It consists of blood, blood vessels and Heart.It consists of blood, blood vessels and Heart.

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Allegorical representation of one-way transport system in our body.

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Your Blood is made ofYour Blood is made of

• Plasma– Liquid part of blood

• Red Blood Cells

– They carry oxygen to all parts of the body

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• White Blood Cells–Fight and kill

germs that may enter your bloodstream

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• Platelets–Form “scabs”

when you cut yourself

–Helps stop the bleeding

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BLOODBLOOD Blood is the fluid which flows in the blood vessels. The Blood is the fluid which flows in the blood vessels. The

fluid part of blood is called Plasma which contain cells of fluid part of blood is called Plasma which contain cells of various kinds suspended in it. various kinds suspended in it.

It transports substances like digested food from the It transports substances like digested food from the intestine to the other parts.intestine to the other parts.

It carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells if the body.It carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells if the body. Transports wastes for removal from the body.Transports wastes for removal from the body. (1)RBC:- contain red pigment called haemoglobin. (1)RBC:- contain red pigment called haemoglobin. Haemoglobin binds with oxygen and transports to all Haemoglobin binds with oxygen and transports to all

body parts.body parts. (2) White blood cells:- fight against germs that may enter (2) White blood cells:- fight against germs that may enter

our body.our body. (3) Platelets:- help in blood clotting.(3) Platelets:- help in blood clotting.

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BLOOD CELLS

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Differences between Arteries & Veins

Arteries Veins1/ Direction of blood flow

2/ Pressure

Away from theHeart

Towards theHeart

High Low

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Differences between Arteries & Veins

3/ Wall

Arteries Veins

Thick Thin

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Differences between Arteries & Veins

4/ Valves

Arteries Veins

ABSENT PRESENT

Q. What’s the use of valve?

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Valves promote One-way flow of blood.

When Valve is openedblood can flow

When Valve is closedblood can’t flow back

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Arteries

6/Lumen

7/Blood

Differences between Arteries & Veins

Veins

Small Large

Oxygenated Deoxygenated

Except the pulmonary artery

Except the pulmonary vein

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BLOOD VESSESLSBLOOD VESSESLS

Two types of Two types of blood vesselsblood vessels. Arteries and veins. . Arteries and veins. Arteries carry oxygen rich blood from heart to all parts of Arteries carry oxygen rich blood from heart to all parts of

body.body. Veins carry co2 rich blood from all parts of the body back Veins carry co2 rich blood from all parts of the body back

to heart.to heart. Capillaries:- extremely thin tubes join up to form veins.Capillaries:- extremely thin tubes join up to form veins.

Differences between arteries and veins

1. Carry oxygen rich blood from heart to body parts

2. Have thick elastic walls.3. Blood pressure is high

and flow is rapid 4. No valves

1.Carry co2 rich blood from All parts of body back to heart.2. Have thin walls 3. Blood pressure is low.4. Valves present.

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HeartHeart it acts as a pump for transport of blood.it acts as a pump for transport of blood. It is located in the chest cavity with its lower tip slightly It is located in the chest cavity with its lower tip slightly

tilted towards the left.tilted towards the left. Heart has 4 chambers-Heart has 4 chambers- the two uppper chambers the two uppper chambers

called ventricles and two lower chambers called called ventricles and two lower chambers called ventricles.ventricles.

Heartbeat:- the rhythmical contraction abd relaxation Heartbeat:- the rhythmical contraction abd relaxation constitute heart beat. constitute heart beat. StethoscopeStethoscope is used to feel the is used to feel the heart beat.heart beat.

Each heart beat generates one pulse in the arteries.Each heart beat generates one pulse in the arteries. Pulse rate per minute indicates the rate of heart.Pulse rate per minute indicates the rate of heart. Animals such as sponges and Hydra do not possess any Animals such as sponges and Hydra do not possess any

circulatory system. Exchange of materials takes place circulatory system. Exchange of materials takes place through water in which they live.through water in which they live.

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Excretory systemExcretory system

The process of removal of wastes The process of removal of wastes produced in the living cells is called produced in the living cells is called excretion.excretion.

Excretory system in humans contain Excretory system in humans contain 1.pair of kidneys1.pair of kidneys2.ureters2.ureters3.Urinary bladder3.Urinary bladder4.urethra.4.urethra.

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Excretory system in HumansExcretory system in Humans

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Excretory mechanismExcretory mechanism

When blood reaches to the kidneys the When blood reaches to the kidneys the nephrons present in the kidneys filter the nephrons present in the kidneys filter the blood . The useful substances are blood . The useful substances are absorbed back into the blood and the absorbed back into the blood and the wastes dissolved in water are removed as wastes dissolved in water are removed as urine. From the kidneys the urine goes urine. From the kidneys the urine goes into the urinary bladder through ureters.it into the urinary bladder through ureters.it is stored in the bladder and is passed out is stored in the bladder and is passed out through urethra.through urethra.

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EXCRETION IN ANIMKALSEXCRETION IN ANIMKALS

An adult human being normally pases about 1-1.8L of urine in An adult human being normally pases about 1-1.8L of urine in 24 hrs.24 hrs.

Urine consists 95% water, 2.5% urea and 2.5 % other waste Urine consists 95% water, 2.5% urea and 2.5 % other waste products.products.

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TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN PLANTSTRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN PLANTS

Transport of water and mineralsTransport of water and minerals:-:-

Plants absorb water and minerals by roots through root Plants absorb water and minerals by roots through root hairshairs

Plants have pipe like vessels to transport water and Plants have pipe like vessels to transport water and nutrients.nutrients.

A tissue is group of cells that perform specialized A tissue is group of cells that perform specialized function in an organism.function in an organism.

XylemXylem for transport of water and nutrients while for transport of water and nutrients while phloem for transport of food. phloem for transport of food.

Xylem and phloem together form vascular tissue. Xylem and phloem together form vascular tissue.

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TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN PLANTSPLANTS

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TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN PLANTSPLANTS

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TRANSPIRATIONTRANSPIRATION

the evaporation of water through the stomata present on the evaporation of water through the stomata present on the surface of leaves is called the surface of leaves is called transpiration.transpiration.

Transpiration generates a suction pull which can pull Transpiration generates a suction pull which can pull water to great heights in the tall trees.water to great heights in the tall trees.

It causes cooling effect in plant.It causes cooling effect in plant.

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AVOID PLASTICS AS FOR AS POSSIBLEAVOID PLASTICS AS FOR AS POSSIBLE

As a responsible citizen remember the 4R As a responsible citizen remember the 4R principleprinciple

Reduce Reduce Reuse Reuse RecycleRecycle RecoverRecover