120511 vehicle charging

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Overview of Electric Vehicle Charging

May 11, 2012

Electric Vehicle Charging - TerminologyEVSE: Electric Vehicle Supply EquipmentBEV: Battery Electric VehiclePHEV: Plug-in Hybrid VehicleEV: Electric VehicleConnector & Inlet: Coupler

OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

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OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

Level 1 Charging120VAC, 15A, NEMA 5-15RTypical charge time: 12-18hrsLevel 2 Charging208-240VAC, up to 80ATypical charge time: 4-8hrsLevel 3 ChargingDC chargingTypical charge time: 15-30 minutes

Actual charge time can vary

Example: Nissan Leaf24kwh battery100 mile rangeLevel 1 = 20hrsLevel 2 = 8hrsLevel 3 = 30min(from NissanUSA web site)

Electric Vehicle Charging Types

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OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

Electric Vehicle Charging Types

Level 1 ChargingPower Source 110V, 15A, 5-20RMax ChargingPower Output Up to 1.65kwSpeed 12-18hrsInstallation Plug-in outletSafety GFI, cable energized

when chargingAccessibility EverywhereProcurement Included w/car

Level 2 Charging208-240V, 40A, single phase, dedicated

Up to 7.2kw (240v @ 30A)4-8 hrsElectrician install outletHousehold GFI breaker, cable energized

when chargingDedicated equipmentAfter market

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OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

Electric Vehicle Charging Types

Level 3 ChargingCurrent status of level 3 charging:Only Nissan, Mitsubishi, and smaller OEMs have a Level 3 port-Chevy and Ford can not be charged via a DC fast charger-Society of Automotive Engineers has not standardized on a plug

You will not see American car companies adopt Level 3 charging until SAE develops the Level 3 plug

Note on Level 3 charging: Nissan recommends that quick charging not be performed more than once a day.

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OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

Electric Vehicle Charging

• Codes and Standards

• NEC Article 625

• UL 2231 & UL 2594

• SAE J1772

• Also: NEMA, UL 2251, SAE J1718

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OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

Electric Vehicle Charging

• Standard SAE J1772

• Coupler assembly– Connector– Inlet

• Coupler pin configuration– AC Power (L1)– AC Power (L2)– Equipment Ground– Control Pilot– Proximity detection

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OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

Electric Vehicle Charging

• UL 2231 & UL 2594

• 20ma ground fault (UL 2231)– Monitor the differential current among current carrying conductors in a

grounded system– Monitor equipment ground continuity– Monitor the insulation that provides the electrical isolation from ground for an

isolated circuit

• Maximum cable length = 25” (UL 2594)

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OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

Electric Vehicle Charging

• NEC 625

• De-energize event– De-energize cable if cable is uncoupled– De-energize cable if cable is under strain– De-energize cable if cable is primary source of power is lost– De-energize cable if cable is indoor ventilation is not available when required

• Connector mount 18”-48” indoor– Above floor level

• Connector mount 24”-48” outdoor– Above parking surface

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OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

Electric Vehicle Charging

• NEC 625(cont)

• Ventilation required for “listed or labeled” EVs• Hydrogen Outgassing

– Lead-Acid– Nickel-Metal Hydride

• Non-gassing– Lithium-Ion– Developing Technology

• EVSE will detect if EV requires ventilation. EVSE will alarm and not energize EVs requiring ventilation, or EVSE will activate ventilation system.

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OVERVIEW OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING

Electric Vehicle Charging

• NEC 625 (cont)

• Charging loads shall be considered as continuous loads (NO exceptions).

• Overcurrent protection must be sized for 125% of the continuous load current. No exception for 100% rated breakers.

• Branch circuit calculations per NEC 220.10.

• Feeder and service load calculations per NEC 220.40.

CONCLUSION . . .

THANK YOU.